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538 results for “Vector data”
Data from: Detecting the population dynamics of an autosomal sex-ratio distorter transgene in malaria vector mosquitoes
<p>1. The development of genetically modified mosquitoes and their subsequent field release offers innovative and cost-effective approaches to reduce mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria. A sex-distorting autosomal transgene has been developed recently in G3 mosquitoes, a lab strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.l. The transgene expresses an endonuclease called I-PpoI during spermatogenesis, which selectively cleaves the X chromosome to result in ~95% male progeny. Following the World Health Organization Guidance Framework for the testing of genetically modified mosquitoes, we assessed the dynamics of this transgene in large cages using a joint experimental-modelling approach.</p> <p>2. We performed a four-month experiment in indoor large cages to study the population genetics of the transgene. The cages were set up to mimic a simple tropical environment with a diurnal light-cycle, constant temperature, and constant humidity. We allowed the generations to overlap to engender a stable age structure in the populations. We constructed a model to mimic the experiments, and used the experimental data to infer the key model parameters.</p> <p>3. We identified two fitness costs associated to the transgene. First, transgenic adult males have reduced fertility and, second, their female progeny have reduced pupal survival rates. Our results demonstrate that the transgene is likely to disappear in less than three years under our confined conditions. Model predictions suggest this will be true over a wide range of background population sizes and transgene introduction rates.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Our semi-field indoor cage experiments are in line with WHO guidance recommendations in regards to the development and testing of self-limiting technologies. Since the transgenic strain (Ag(PMB)1) has been considered for genetic vector control of malaria, our results are fundamentally important for determining expectations on the persistence of the transgene post-release. Our results provide a demonstration of the self-limiting nature of the transgene, and indicate that longevity will be further reduced by fitness costs that were not previously identified. Finally, our study has showcased an alternative and effective method for characterising the phenotypic expression of a transgene in an insect pest population.</p>
Data and code from: Vector demography, dispersal, and the spread of disease: Experimental epidemics under elevated resource supply
1. The spread of many diseases depends on the demography and dispersal of arthropod vectors. Classic epidemiological theory typically ignores vector dynamics and instead makes the simplifying assumption of frequency-dependent transmission. Yet vector ecology may be critical for understanding the spread of disease over space and time and how disease dynamics respond to environmental change. 2. Here, we ask how environmental change shapes vector demography and dispersal, and how these traits of vectors govern the spatiotemporal spread of disease. 3. We developed disease models parameterized by traits of vectors and fit them to experimental epidemics. The experiment featured a viral pathogen (CYDV-RPV) vectored by aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) among populations of grass hosts (Avena sativa) under two rates of environmental resource supply (i.e., fertilization of the host). We compared a non-spatial model that ignores vector movement, a lagged dispersal model that emphasizes the delay between vector reproduction and dispersal, and a travelling wave model that generates waves of infections across space and time. 4. Resource supply altered both vector demography and dispersal. The lagged dispersal model fit best, indicating that vectors first reproduced and then dispersed among hosts in the experiment. Elevated resources decreased vector population growth rates, nearly doubled their carrying capacity per host, increased dispersal rates when vectors carried the virus, and homogenized disease risk across space. 5. Together, the models and experiment show how environmental eutrophication can shape spatial disease dynamics – for example, homogenizing disease risk across space – by altering the demography and behavior of vectors.
Data from: Barrier bednets target malaria vectors and expand the range of usable insecticides
<p>Transmission of <i>Plasmodium falciparum </i>malaria parasites occurs when nocturnal <i>Anopheles </i>mosquito vectors feed on human blood. In Africa, where malaria burden is greatest, bednets treated with pyrethroid insecticide were highly effective in preventing mosquito bites and reducing transmission, and essential to achieving unprecedented reductions in malaria until 2015. Since then, progress has stalled and with insecticidal bednets losing efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant <i>Anopheles</i> vectors, methods that restore performance are urgently needed to eliminate any risk of malaria returning to the levels seen prior to their widespread use throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Here we show that the primary malaria vector <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> is targeted and killed by small insecticidal net barriers positioned above a standard bednet, in a spatial region of high mosquito activity but zero contact with sleepers, opening the way for deploying many more insecticides on bednets than currently possible. Tested against wild pyrethroid-resistant <i>Anopheles gambiae </i>in Burkina Faso, pyrethroid bednets with organophosphate barriers achieved significantly higher killing rates than bednets alone. Treated barriers on untreated bednets were equally effective, without significant loss of personal protection. Mathematical modelling of transmission dynamics predicted reductions in clinical malaria incidence with barrier bednets that exceeded those of 'next-generation' nets recommended by WHO against resistant vectors. Mathematical models of mosquito-barrier interactions identified alternative barrier designs to increase performance. Barrier bednets that overcome insecticide resistance are feasible using existing insecticides and production technology, and early implementation of affordable vector control tools is a realistic prospect.</p>
Data for the article "Identification of Néel vector orientation in antiferromagnetic domains switched by currents in NiO/Pt thin films"
<p>Data for the article "Identification of Néel vector orientation in antiferromagnetic domains switched by currents in NiO/Pt thin films" (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.08507">[2008.08507] Identification of Néel vector orientation in antiferromagnetic domains switched by currents in NiO/Pt thin films (arxiv.org)</a>)</p>
Data from: Pliant pathogens: estimating viral spread when confronted with new vector, host, and environmental conditions
<p>1. Pathogen spread rates are determined, in part, by the performance of pathogens under altered environmental conditions and their ability to persist while switching among hosts and vectors.</p> <p>2. To determine the effects of new conditions (host, vector, and nutrient) on pathogen spread rate, we introduced a vector-borne, viral plant pathogen, Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus PAV (BYDV-PAV) into hosts, vectors, and host nutrient supplies that it had not encountered for thousands of viral generations. We quantified pathogen prevalence over the course of two serial inoculations under the new conditions. Using individual level transmission rates from this experiment, we parameterized a dynamical model of disease spread and projected spread across host populations through a growing season. </p> <p>3. A change in nutrient conditions (increased supply of phosphorus) reduced viral transmission whereas shifting to a new vector or host species had no effect on infection prevalence. However, the reduction in the new nutrient environment was only temporary; infection prevalence recovered after the second inoculation.</p> <p><i>4. Synthesis</i>. These results highlight how robust the pathogen, BYDV-PAV, is to changes in its biotic and abiotic environment. Our study also highlights the need to quantify longitudinal infection information beyond snapshot assessments to project disease risk for pathogens in new environments.</p>
Data from: Geosmithia associated with bark beetles and woodborers in the western USA: taxonomic diversity and vector specificity
Fungi in the genus Geosmithia (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are frequent associates of bark beetles and woodborers that colonize hardwood and coniferous trees. One species, Geosmithia morbida, is an economically damaging invasive species. The authors surveyed the Geosmithia species of California and Colorado, USA, to (i) provide baseline data on taxonomy of Geosmithia and beetle vector specificity across the western USA; (ii) investigate the subcortical beetle fauna for alternative vectors of the invasive G. morbida; and (iii) interpret the community composition of this region within the emerging global biogeography of Geosmithia. Geosmithia was detected in 87% of 126 beetle samples obtained from 39 plant species. Twenty-nine species of Geosmithia were distinguished, of which 13 may be new species. Bark beetles from hardwoods, Cupressus, and Sequoia appear to be regular vectors, with Geosmithia present in all beetle gallery systems examined. Other subcortical insects appear to vector Geosmithia at lower frequencies. Overall, most Geosmithia have a distinct level of vector specificity (mostly high, sometimes low) enabling their separation to generalists and specialists. Plant pathogenic Geosmithia morbida was not found in association with any other beetle besides Pityophthorus juglandis. However, four additional Geosmithia species were found in P. juglandis galleries. When integrated with recent data from other continents, a global pattern of Geosmithia distribution across continents, latitudes, and vectors is emerging: of the 29 Geosmithia species found in the western USA, 12 have not been reported outside of the USA. The most frequently encountered species with the widest global distribution also had the broadest range of beetle vectors. Several Geosmithia spp. with very narrow vector ranges in Europe exhibited the similar degree of specialization in the USA. Such strong canalization in association could reflect an ancient origin of each individual association, or a recent origin and a subsequent diversification in North America.
Data from: Effective population size of Culex quinquefasciatus under insecticide-based vector management and following Hurricane Harvey in Harris County, Texas
<div> <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> is mosquito species of significant public health importance due to its ability to transmit multiple pathogens that can cause mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile fever and St. Louis encephalitis. In Harris County, Texas, <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> is a common vector species and is subjected to insecticide-based management by the Harris County Public Health Department. However, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes has increased rapidly worldwide and raises concerns about maintaining the effectiveness of vector control approaches. This concern is highly relevant in Texas, with its humid subtropical climate along the Gulf Coast that provides suitable habitat for <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> and other mosquito species that are known disease vectors. Therefore, there is an urgent and ongoing need to monitor the effectiveness of current vector control programs. In this study, we evaluated the impact of vector control approaches by estimating the effective population size of <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> in Harris County. We applied Approximate Bayesian Computation to microsatellite data to estimate effective population size. We collected <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> samples from two mosquito control operation areas, 415 and 802, during routine vector monitoring in 2016 and 2017. No county mosquito control operations were applied at area 415 in 2016 and 2017, whereas extensive adulticide spraying operations were in effect at area 802 during the summer of 2016. We collected data for eighteen microsatellite markers for 713 and 723 mosquitoes at eight timepoints from 2016 to 2017 in areas 415 and 802, respectively. We also investigated the impact of Hurricane Harvey's landfall in the Houston area in August of 2017 on <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em> population fluctuation. Although we did not detect significant effects of vector control interventions, we found considerable influences of the winter season and a major hurricane on the effective population size of <em>Cx. quinquefasciatus</em>. The fluctuations in effective population size in both areas showed a significant seasonal pattern. Additionally, the significant population expansion following Hurricane Harvey in 2017 supports the necessity for post-hurricane vector-control interventions.</div>
Replication Data for "Inverse-designed low-index-contrast structures on silicon photonics platform for vector-matrix multiplication"
<p>COMSOL files and Python post-processing code.</p>
Data for: Phenotypic adaptation to temperature in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti
<p><span>Most models exploring the effects of climate change on </span><span>mosquito-borne disease ignore thermal adaptation. However, if local adaptation leads to changes in mosquito thermal responses, 'one size fits all' models could fail to capture current variation between populations and future adaptive responses to changes in temperature. Here we assess phenotypic adaptation to temperature in <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, the primary vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. First, to explore whether there is any difference in existing thermal response of mosquitoes between populations we used a thermal knockdown assay to examine five populations of <em>Ae. aegypti </em>collected from climatically diverse locations in Mexico, together with a longstanding laboratory strain. We identified significant phenotypic variation in thermal tolerance between populations. Next, to explore whether such variation can be generated by differences in temperature we conducted an experimental passage study by establishing six replicate lines from a single field-derived population of <em>Ae. aegypti </em>from Mexico, maintaining half at 27<strong><span class="nounderlines">°</span></strong>C and the other half at 31<strong><span class="nounderlines">°</span></strong>C. After 10 generations we found a significant difference in mosquito performance, with the lines maintained under elevated temperatures showing greater thermal tolerance. Moreover, these differences in thermal tolerance translated to shifts in the thermal performance curves for multiple life history traits, leading to differences in overall fitness. Together, these novel findings provide compelling evidence that <em>Ae. aegypti </em>populations can and do differ in thermal response, suggesting that simplified thermal performance models might be insufficient for predicting the effects of climate on vector-borne disease transmission. </span></p>
Raw data to: "Vectored antibody gene delivery restores host B and T cell control of persistent viral infection"
<p>Raw data underlying the publication by Ertuna et al. entitled "Vectored antibody gene delivery restores host B and T cell control of persistent viral infection"</p>
Electronic Supplementary Data to "Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project"
<p>Electronic Supplementary Data to "Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project"</p>
ConceptNet Vector Ensemble 16.04 input data
<p>This is the data required to build the paper "An Ensemble Method to Build High-Quality Word Embeddings", by Robyn Speer and Joshua Chin.</p> <p>The input data itself comes from:</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://conceptnet5.media.mit.edu/">ConceptNet 5.4</a>, which contains data from Wiktionary, WordNet, and many contributors to Open Mind Common Sense projects, edited by Robyn Speer</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/glove/">GloVe</a>, by Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher, and Christopher Manning</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://code.google.com/archive/p/word2vec/">word2vec</a>, by Tomas Mikolov and Google Research</p> </li> <li> <p><a href="http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ccb/ppdb/">PPDB</a>, by Juri Ganitkevitch, Benjamin Van Durme, and Chris Callison-Burch</p> </li> </ul>
Data and Source Codes used in "Development of a Global Quasi-3-D Multiscale Modeling Framework: I. Vector Vorticity Model on Cubed Sphere as Cloud-Resolving Component"
<p>Data and Source Codes used in the paper "Development of a Global Quasi-3-D Multiscale Modeling Framework: I. Vector Vorticity Model on Cubed Sphere as Cloud-Resolving Component"</p> <p>Advection Test (ADV): East-West A_TST (100km, Cube), C_TST (25km, Cube), E_TST (5km, Cube),</p> <p> North-South K_TST (100km, Cube), M_TST (25km, Cube), O_TST (5km, Cube) </p> <p>Barotropic Test (BAR): A_TST5 (100km, Cube), Y_TST4 (100km, RLL), C_TST3 (5km, Cube), C_TST1 (5km, RLL)</p> <p>Baroclinic Test (BCL): J_TST30 (100km, Cube), J_TST20 (100km, RLL)</p>
Data set associated with the paper "Implementation of the Vector Vorticity Dynamical Core on Cubed Sphere for Use in the Quasi-3-D Multiscale Modeling Framework"
<p>New data set associated with the revision of the paper "Development of a Global Quasi-3-D Multiscale Modeling Framework: <br> I. Vector Vorticity Model on Cubed Sphere as Cloud-Resolving Component"</p> <p>The title of the paper has been changed to "Implementation of the Vector Vorticity Dynamical Core on Cubed Sphere for Use in the Quasi-3-D Multiscale Modeling Framework"</p> <p>New simulated data set of the advection test is in the folder ADVEC_NEW; New simulated data set of the barotropic instability test is in the folder BARO_NEW; New simulated data set of the baroclinic instability test is in the folder BCL_NEW</p>
Supplementary Data: Global fits of vector-mediated s-channel simplified models for scalar and fermionic dark matter with GAMBIT
<p>This record contains the YAML files, data files, and some of the plotting scripts for: "Global fits of vector-mediated s-channel simplified models for scalar and fermionic dark matter with GAMBIT". The paper can be found at https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.13266.</p> <p>Samples have been created using GAMBIT and figures can be reproduced with pippi.</p>
Supplemental data for "Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission using a Hydrology-based Model"
<p>Supplemental data for "Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission using a Hydrology-based Model"</p>
Data from: Significant differences in capsid properties and potency between AAV vectors produced in Sf9 and HEK293 cells
<p>For successful vector-based gene therapy manufacturing, the selected adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector production system must produce vector at sufficient scale. However, concerns have arisen regarding the quality of vector produced using different systems. In this study, we compared AAV serotypes 1, 8, and 9 produced by two different systems (Sf9/baculovirus and HEK293/transfection) and purified by two separate processes. We evaluated capsid properties including protein composition, post-translational modification, particle content profiles, and in vitro and in vivo vector potency. Vectors produced in the Sf9/baculovirus system displayed reduced incorporation of viral protein 1 and 2 into the capsid, increased capsid protein deamidation, increased empty and partially packaged particles in vector preparations, and an overall reduced potency. The differences observed were largely independent of the harvest method and purification process. These findings illustrate the need for careful consideration when choosing an AAV vector production system for clinical production.</p>
Data from: A novel molecular toolkit for rapid detection of the pathogen and primary vector of thousand cankers disease
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Data from: Geosmithia associated with bark beetles and woodborers in the western USA: taxonomic diversity and vector specificity
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and code from: Vector demography, dispersal, and the spread of disease: Experimental epidemics under elevated resource supply
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.