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29,896 results for “activity”
Monthly aerosol emissions and GHG concentration projections from 2020-2025: modified SSP2-4.5 to account for COVID-19 impacts on sector activity
<p>This repository holds the netcdf files for emissions and concentrations projected by the scenario SSP2-4.5, from the Scenario4MIPs database (<a href="https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/">https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/</a>), modified by the country and sector activity levels associated with lockdown, projected out for 5 years after 2020. The details of these activity estimates are available from <a href="https://github.com/Priestley-Centre/COVID19_emissions">https://github.com/Priestley-Centre/COVID19_emissions</a>.</p> <p>The methodology behind these calculations is based on <a href="https://github.com/Rlamboll/modify_COVID19_netCDF_Emissions/">https://github.com/Rlamboll/modify_COVID19_netCDF_Emissions/tree/endof2020</a>, a slight modification of the approach used in <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3947917#.XxR_qyhKhPZ">https://zenodo.org/record/3947917#.XxR_qyhKhPZ</a> to have a different timeframe. </p> <p>Funding was provided by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement nos. 820829 (CONSTRAIN) <a href="http://constrain-eu.org/">http://constrain-eu.org/</a> </p>
Four-year blip emissions changes due to COVID-19: modified SSP2-4.5 to account for sector activity level
<p>This repository holds the netcdf files for aerosol emissions projected by the scenario SSP2-4.5, from the Scenario4MIPs database ( <a href="https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/">https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/input4mips/</a>), modified by the country and sector activity levels associated with lockdown, projected out for 5 years after 2020 before returning to baseline. The details of these activity estimates runs in parallel to those described in <a href="https://github.com/Priestley-Centre/COVID19_emissions">https://github.com/Priestley-Centre/COVID19_emissions</a>, except instead of a 2-year blip, we have done a 4-year blip. Note that it is one year after the blip has finished before things return to baseline.</p> <p>The methodology behind these calculations is based on <a href="https://github.com/Rlamboll/modify_COVID19_netCDF_Emissions/">https://github.com/Rlamboll/modify_COVID19_netCDF_Emissions/</a>, a slight modification of the approach used in <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3947917#.XxR_qyhKhPZ">https://zenodo.org/record/3947917#.XxR_qyhKhPZ</a> for aerosols emissions. We present only a single scenario (called 4-year blip, featuring a one year recovery after the end of the 4 years) compared to the baseline.</p> <p>Funding was provided by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement nos. 820829 (CONSTRAIN) <a href="http://constrain-eu.org/">http://constrain-eu.org/</a> </p>
Dataset for "Methodology of Evaluating the Activation Energy of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt-based Electrodes"
<p>High temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) technology is widely studied alternative to current energy conversion technologies based on fossil fuels. Compared to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), HT-PEMFCs allow more flexibility and demand less operation control due to their lower temperature. On the other hand, HT-PEMFCs show an advantage over low-temperature PEMFCs in terms of less demand on the purity of the H2 used, the possibility to recover the generated heat, lower water management requirements, and easy heat management. One of the critical limitations of HT-PEMFC operation is a slow kinetics of the cathodic reduction of O2 (ORR) due to presence of H3PO4 which ensures proton conductivity in the system. Electrochemical dynamic methods such as cyclic voltammetry or linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) can be used to determine the kinetic parameters of ORR. These measurements can provide information on the Tafel slope and exchange current density (jex) of the ORR. However, performing these measurements under conditions relevant for HT-PEMFC operation is challenging due to presence highly concentrated H3PO4 and elevated temperature. First, determination of the kinetic parameters requires correct assessment of equilibrium potential of ORR (EORR). The value of the EORR is generally influenced by the activity (fugacity) of the reactants and products and the temperature, a discussion of the appropriate standard states of the components is also necessary. Second, the relationship between the jex and the reaction rate constant (k°), necessary for calculation of activation energy ( ), must be known. It includes consideration of the likely reaction mechanism. In this paper, the methodology for appropriate determination of was developed and used for estimation of of ORR from LSV curves measured on commercially available Pt/C catalyst under HT-PEMFC relevant conditions. In particular, the measurements were carried out using a rotating glassy carbon rod disk electrode (RRE) in purified 98 wt.% H3PO4 (as electrolyte) at temperatures of 120, 140, 160, 180 °C. Though the treatment was developed in context of ORR and HT-PEMFC, the approach is generally applicable to any electrochemical reaction.</p>
Dataset of "Balancing Activity and Stability through Compositional Engineering of Ternary PtNi–Au Alloy ORR Catalysts"
<p>A systematic comparative analysis of the activity-stability relationship for compositionally tuned PtNi-Au model layers, prepared by magnetron co-sputtering, was conducted using a diverse range of complementary characterization techniques and electrochemistry, supported by density functional theory calculations. Our study reveals that progressively increasing the Au concentration in the Pt50Ni50 alloy from 3 to 15 at.% leads to opposing catalyst activity and stability trends. Specifically, we observe a decrease in ORR activity accompanied by an increase in catalyst stability, manifested in the suppression of both Pt and Ni dissolution. Despite the reduced activity compared to PtNi, the PtNi–Au alloy with 15 at.% Au still exhibits nearly three times the activity of monometallic Pt. It also demonstrates a significantly improved dissolution stability relative to the PtNi alloy and even monometallic Pt. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate balance between activity and stability in multimetallic ORR catalysts, paving the way for the design of cost-effective and durable materials for PEMFCs.</p>
Dataset of "Activity-stability relationship in magnetron co-sputtered bimetallic catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells"
<p>In the present study, magnetron sputtered PtxM100-x (M = Co, Cu, Y; x = 25, 50, 75 and 100) bimetallic alloys were investigated as PEMFC cathodes. Accurate composition control enabled a systematic study of the correlation between alloy composition, activity, and stability. The catalysts underwent thorough characterization, employing a diverse portfolio of characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The activity of all investigated alloys was tested directly in a fuel cell device, while stability was assessed through potentiodynamic cycling in a half-cell. <br>The activity-stability index, considering experimental results for both activity and stability, was calculated and compared for all investigated catalysts. All alloys exhibited a volcano-type trend in activity-stability index as a function of the concentration of alloying element with peaks observed at Pt50Co50, Pt50Cu50 and Pt75Y25 for respective alloys, surpassing that of monometallic platinum. Overall, Pt50Co50 emerged as a catalyst with the highest activity-stability ratio.</p>
Human Kino-Dynamic Measurements Dataset for Factory-like Activities
<p>This dataset was created as a part of the study presented in IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems with the title "An Online Multi-Index Approach to Human Ergonomics Assessment in the Workplace" by Marta Lorenzini, Wansoo Kim and Arash Ajoudani. This paper introduces an online approach to monitor kinematic and dynamic quantities on the workers, providing on the spot an estimate of the physical load required in their daily jobs. A set of ergonomic indexes is defined to account for multiple potential contributors to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which remain one of the major occupational safety and health problems in the European Union nowadays. Thus, the continuous tracking of workers’ exposure to the factors that may contribute to their development is paramount. To evaluate the proposed framework, a throughout experimental analysis was conducted.</p> <p>Twelve healthy adult subjects were recruited in the experimental study to perform, in the laboratory settings, occupational activities that are commonly carried out by workers in the current industrial scenario. Three tasks were selected to encompass the most significant risk factors in the workplace: mechanical overloading of the body joints, variable and high-intensity interaction forces, and repetitive and monotonous movements. Accordingly, lifting/lowering of a heavy object, drilling, and painting with a lightweight tool were considered, respectively, in this study. While the subjects were carrying out such activities, the data regarding the whole-body motion and the forces exchanged with the environment (both ground reaction force (GRF) and interaction forces at the end-effector) were collected. In addition, ten surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors were placed on the body of each subject to measure muscle activity as a reference to the effective physical effort required for the tasks.</p> <p>The whole experimental procedure was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the protocol was approved by the ethics committee azienda sanitaria locale (ASL) Genovese N.3 (Protocol IIT_HRII_ERGOLEAN 156/2020).</p>
A genome-wide study of ruminants reveals two endogenous retrovirus families still active in goats
<p>Additional file - A genome-wide study of ruminants reveals two endogenous retrovirus families still active in goats </p>
Dataset of "High Entropy 2D Metals Sulfides: Fast Synthesis, Exfoliation and Electrochemical Activity in Overall Water Splitting at Alkaline pH"
<p>Novel simple and efficient method for synthesis of high entropy sulfides of iron group metals (Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn) is describedThe created material was investigated as a catalyst for electrochemical water splitting in acidic, neutral and alkaline pH. Investigation of the electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized material shows its high efficiency for overall water splitting in alkaline media. </p>
CATCH-EyoU: Exploiting European data and testing the integrated theory of youth active EU citizenship: EACEA subset analysis
<p>This dataset was created within the research project Constructing AcTive CitizensHip with European Youth: Policies, Practices, Challenges and Solutions (CATCH-EyoU) funded by European Union, Horizon 2020 Programme, Grant Agreement No 649538. Work Package 4 of this project (Exploiting European data and testing the integrated theory of youth active EU citizenship) is focused on the re-analysis of existing European data. This dataset contains a subset of data originally collected within the project “<em>EACEA 2010/03: Youth Participation in Democratic Life</em>”, coordinated by the London School of Economic and Political Science. Specifically, an online questionnaire survey in seven European countries was conducted among young people age 15-30 in 2011. This dataset contains a subset of 22 variables that were employed for the reanalysis within the CATCH-EyoU project.</p>
CoHERE Work Package 5 Survey of free time activities amongst Latvian schoolchildren
<p>The quantitative survey «Youth and leisure time activities, informal education and cultural heritage» was carried out as part of Work Package 5 (Education, heritage and identities) of 'Critical Heritages: Performing and presenting identities in Europe' (https://research.ncl.ac.uk/cohere/researchstrands/). This Work Package develops best practices in the production and transmission of European heritages and identities within two sectors that face challenges in an age of immigration and globalization, namely education and cultural heritage production. It explores how European identity is shaped through formal and informal learning situations both in and outside the classroom with the purpose of enhancing school curricula and informal learning at heritage sites by integrating innovative technologies and including multicultural perspectives.</p> <p>The target group: youth (age 16 to 19) from secondary schools and professional education schools in Latvia </p> <p>Sample size: 1047. Time period: December 2017 – March 2018.</p> <p>Method: a self-administered questionnaire.</p> <p>The aim of the survey is to examine how cultural heritage shape different identities in Europe, representing ideas of place, history, traditions and sense of belonging.</p> <p>Tasks of the survey:<br> 1) to get information about leisure time activities of the youth and their participation in different informal education activities;<br> 2) to examine youth opinion about the role of cultural heritage and their involvement in safeguarding cultural heritage;<br> 3) to analyse the role of cultural heritage in formation of local, national and European identities of the young people.</p>
Dataset of "Strain-Engineered Ir Shell Enhances Activity and Stability of Ir-Ru Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: An Operando Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study"
<p>Ir-Ru alloys with high Ru content serve as stable and highly active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEM-WEs), enabling efficient operation with remarkably low Ir loadings (150 µg cm-²). Despite this, the mechanisms behind their enhanced stability remain unclear. In this study, we employ operando Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) and complementary ex-situ techniques to investigate the structural evolution of these magnetron-sputtered alloys within a PEM-WE cell. Our results reveal that, upon potential application, Ru is leached from the surface, leading to the formation of a bimetallic Ir-Ru@IrOx core-shell structure. The Ir shell, significantly strained by the underlying Ir-Ru core, exhibits substantially higher catalytic activity than pure Ir. Notably, the Ir-Ru 25:75 catalyst shows superior stability over Ir-Ru 50:50, despite its higher Ru content, due to a more robust Ir shell that protects subsurface Ir and Ru from oxidation and dissolution. This study not only clarifies the performance-enhancing mechanisms of Ir-Ru catalysts but also suggests that other, more economical materials such as Co, Os, or Ti could serve as effective cores in Ir-M systems, offering a pathway to more cost-effective catalysts for PEM-WE applications.</p>
Dataset of "Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity in Mo₂TiC₂Tₓ MXene Derived from Mo₂TiAlC₂ MAX Phase: Insights from Compositional Transformations"
<p>MAX phases represent a crucial building block for the synthesis of MXenes, which constitute an intriguing class of materials with significant application potential. This study investigates the catalytic properties of Mo₂TiAlC₂ MAX phase and the corresponding Mo₂TiC₂Tₓ MXene for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that despite the presence of secondary phases, the HER catalytic activity is primarily influenced by the MAX phase and its derived MXene. Interestingly, the catalytic activity of the MXene improves over time, attributed to the formation of MoO₂ as identified by XPS. This work enhances the understanding of MXene-based materials for electrochemical applications, highlighting crucial structural and chemical transformations that optimize their performance in sustainable energy technologies.3D structure of lanthanum strontium manganite and yttria-stabilized zirconia composites is predicted based on conductivity measurements using Monte Carlo 3D equivalent circuit network approach. Validation experimental impedance spectra; scanning electron micrographs; cross sections of model simulation or prediction (MSP).</p>
Dataset for Activation of Glassy Carbon Surfaces by Alkaline Anodization Enhances Dopamine Adsorption and Electron-Transfer Kinetics
<p>This dataset provides the raw data to the manuscript</p><p><strong>"Activation of Glassy Carbon Surfaces by Alkaline Anodization Enhances Dopamine Adsorption and Electron-Transfer Kinetics"</strong></p><p>published in ChemElectroChem</p><p>Specifically, the following measurements are provided:</p><ul><li>Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Cyclic voltammetry (E, i) data for each location across the sample. 5 cycles.</li><li>Chronoamperometry (i, t) for the anodization process.</li><li>Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topography.</li><li>Raman microscopy</li><li>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)</li><li>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)</li></ul>
Metabolism dataset: one year of high-frequency temperature, dissolved oxygen, wind, photosynthetically active radiation observations and low-frequency nutrient data for 58 lakes in the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network
Understanding controls on primary productivity is essential for describing ecosystems and their responses to environmental change. Lake primary production is strongly controlled by inputs of nutrients and colored dissolved organic matter. While past studies have developed mathematical models of this nutrient-color paradigm, broad empirical tests of these models are scarce. We compiled data from 58 diverse and globally distributed and mostly temperate lakes to test such a model and improve understanding and prediction of the controls on lake primary production. These lakes varied widely in size (0.02-2300 km2), pelagic gross primary production (20-8000 mg C m-2 d-1), and other characteristics. The data package includes high-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation data as well as daily estimates of GPP and ER derived from those data. In addition, the data package includes median in-lake and stream concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and total phosphorus for a subset of 18 of those lakes.
Data from: Cascading effects of apex predator recovery on rodent foraging activity and seed predation
This dataset was collected to examine the effects of apex predator presence on post-dispersal seed predation and rodent foraging behavior in Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain. The study focused on the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) as a top predator capable of altering mesopredator and small mammal communities through cascading interactions. We used the fleshy-fruited tree Pyrus bourgaeana as a model species and conducted a seed predation experiment in two areas with and without lynx presence. A total of 1152 seeds were placed in 144 seed depots across forest and open habitats and three microhabitat types (rock, shrub, and open ground). Rodent activity and foraging behavior were monitored using 36 camera traps installed at a subset of seed depots, and rodent abundance was estimated with live trapping one week later. The dataset includes seed predation counts, camera-trap records of rodent visits, live-trapping results, and vegetation cover estimates. These data allow investigation of how predation risk and habitat structure influence rodent activity and post-dispersal seed predation dynamics in Mediterranean landscapes.
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) time series from lagoon sites along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast, 2018-ongoing
To understand seasonality and production as part of the Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research program, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is recorded in situ, starting August 2018 across the Beaufort Sea coast. Spherical quantum sensors measure PAR ~0.5 m above the benthos at underwater mooring locations and cosine sensors measure incident PAR at the surface at a permanent land-based station.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths at Core Floodplain Sites from 1990 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest near Fairbanks, Alaska
Annual thaw depths are measured at the time of maximum thaw at any of the 35 BCEF-LTER sites that have permafrost or intermittent seasonal frost. 1. Wildfire in the black spruce permafrost sites will cause an increase in the active layer thickness and subsidence of the surface layers that may last for up to 25 years. The active layer thickness should return to the pre-fire depths between 25 and 30 years after the fire. 2. Climate warming in interior Alaska may result in an increase in the active layer thickness in black spruce permafrost sites. 3. Fire and climate warming together may result in the elimination of permafrost from some black spruce permafrost sites in interior Alaska. 4. Forest succession on the floodplain of the Tanana River results in a gradual decrease in soil temperature as the organic layer increases with time. The development of a thick feathermoss layer in later stages of succession is especially important in the development of permafrost. Permanent or intermittent permafrost should develop in the older white spruce stages. Black spruce stands on the older terraces should be underlain by permafrost with a shallow active layer. 5. Climate warming will delay the formation of permafrost until the latest stages of forest succession and may eliminate it completely from floodplain stands.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Hourly Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Measurements from 1988 to Present in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest and the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed near Fairbanks, Alaska
PAR sensors measure solar radiation in the 400 to 700 nm waveband in microEinsteins per sq. m. per second. The average hourly reading is converted to microEinsteins per sq. m. per hour and summed over 24 hours to obtain daily Einsteins per sq. m. Sensors are removed at the end of September for annual calibrations and replaced back at the sites by the first of May each year.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths from 2004 to Present in the Boundary Fire Fireline near Fairbanks, Alaska
In 2004 the Boundary Fire burned an area within the Caribou Poker Creeks Research Watershed providing an opportunity to study various fire effects. When wildfire burns through a northern black spruce forest there is usually a subsequent increase in depth of thaw, due to the reduction in the depth of the organic layer. The construction of firelines with heavy machinery involves the complete removal of the organic layer and results in an even greater increase in active layer. This study was designed as a long-term comparison between depth of thaw on firelines, burned and unburned black spruce forest underlain by ice rich permafrost. This study will allow us to compare thaw depths from recent firelines to those studied at the Wickersham and Bonanza Creek fireline study sites. Within the fireline bulldozers were used to knock down and in some cases remove, the trees and organic layer. Within the safety zone an area approximately 30 m x 30 m was cleared to mineral soil. After the fire was out an excavator was used to return the organic material to the fireline and safety zones.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Annual Active Layer Depths from 2002 to Present in the Survey Line Fire near Fairbanks, Alaska
In 2001 the Survey Line Fire burned an area of black spruce forest along the Tanana River adjacent to the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest. In 2002 two research sites were established within the burn, one in a dry area and one in a wet area. When wildfire burns through a northern black spruce forest there is usually a subsequent increase in depth of thaw, due to the reduction in the depth of the organic layer. Thaw depth is being measured annually at tweny points within each of these sites.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.