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1,294 results for “aggressiveness”
Hot-headed peckers: thermographic changes during aggression among juvenile pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
<p>In group-living vertebrates, dominance status often covaries with physiological measurements (e.g. glucocorticoid levels), but it is unclear how dominance is linked to dynamic changes in physiological state over a shorter, behavioural timescale. In this observational study, we recorded spontaneous aggression among captive juvenile pheasants (<em>Phasianus colchicus</em>) alongside infrared thermographic measurements of their external temperature, a non-invasive technique previously used to examine stress responses in non-social contexts, where peripheral blood is redirected towards the body core. We found low but highly significant repeatability in maximum head temperature, suggesting individually consistent thermal profiles, and some indication of lower head temperatures in more active behavioural states (e.g. walking compared to resting). These individual differences were partly associated with sex, females being cooler on average than males, but unrelated to body size. During pairwise aggressive encounters, we observed a non-monotonic temperature change, with head temperature dropping rapidly immediately prior to an attack and increasing rapidly afterwards, before returning to baseline levels. This nonlinear pattern was similar for birds in aggressor and recipient roles, but aggressors were slightly hotter on average. Our findings show that aggressive interactions induce rapid temperature changes in dominants and subordinates alike, and highlight infrared thermography as a promising tool for investigating the physiological basis of pecking orders in galliforms.</p>
Anthropogenic noise, song, and territorial aggression in southern house wrens
<p>Anthropogenic noise constrains the transmission of birdsong and alters the behavior of receivers. Many birds adjust their acoustic signals to minimize the interference of anthropogenic noise on signal transmission. Birds may also change their acoustic signals to exchange information during aggressive interactions. However, it is unclear how birds deal with a potential trade-off between adjusting their acoustic signals to better transmit in noisy environments versus mediating aggressive interactions. Additionally, we do not know how urbanization and anthropogenic noise alters the territorial behavior of receivers. We investigated the interplay among song, territorial aggression, urbanization, and anthropogenic noise, in males of the southern house wren (<em>Troglodytes aedon musculus</em>), using recordings of spontaneous songs (non-aggressive context) and a playback experiment simulating a male territorial intrusion (aggressive context). We found that urban wrens behaved more aggressively in response to the intruder by singing more and spent more time closer to the intruder than rural wrens regardless of noise. Males produced songs with lower minimum frequency and trills with wider frequency bandwidth and higher vocal performance under acute (playback) than relaxed (post-playback) aggressive encounters. These results suggest that males use songs to communicate aggressive intent or fighting ability. Urban wrens produced higher-pitched songs and trills than rural wrens irrespective of aggressive context. Urban wrens in the noisiest territories also produced the highest-pitched trills but only in the non-aggressive context. Rural wrens in the noisiest territories tended to produce the longest songs (non-aggressive context) or produced the shortest songs (aggressive context). Results suggest that urbanization affects territorial and vocal behaviors in southern house wrens. Males in this species seem to primarily adjust acoustic signals in response to the territorial intruder rather than noise.</p>
Non-lethal fungal infection could reduce aggression towards strangers in ants
<p>Many parasites interfere with the behaviour of their hosts. In social animals, such as ants, parasitic interference can cause changes on the level of the individual and also on the level of the society. The ant-parasitic fungus <em>Rickia</em> <em>wasmannii</em> influences the behaviour of <em>Myrmica</em> ants by expanding the host's nestmate recognition template, thereby increasing the chance of the colony accepting infected non-nestmates. Infected ants consistently show an increase of the alkane tricosane (n-C23) in their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Although experimental application of single compounds often elicits aggression towards manipulated ants, we hypothesized that the increase of n-C23 might underlie the facilitated acceptance of infected non-nestmates. To test this, we mimicked fungal infection in <em>M</em>. <em>scabrinodis</em> by applying synthetic n-C23 to fresh ant corpses and observed the reaction of infected and uninfected workers to control and manipulated corpses. Infected ants appeared to be more peaceful towards infected but not uninfected non-nestmates. Adding n-C23 to uninfected corpses resulted in reduced aggression in uninfected ants. This supports the hypothesis that n-C23 acts as a 'pacifying' signal. Our study indicates that parasitic interference with the nestmate discrimination of host ants might eventually change colony structure by increasing genetic heterogeneity in infected colonies.</p>
Data from: The scope and adaptive value of modulating aggression across breeding stages: Case study in a competitive female songbird
<p><span><span>In seasonally breeding animals, costs and benefits of territorial aggression should vary over time; however, little work thus far has directly examined the scope and adaptive value of individual-level plasticity in aggression across breeding stages. We explore these issues using </span><span>the tree swallow (</span></span><em><span><span>Tachycineta bicolor</span></span></em><span><span>), a bird species in which females compete for limited nesting sites</span> <span>before producing a single brood. We measured the aggressiveness of nearly 100 females within three different stages: (1) shortly after territory-establishment, (2) during early incubation, and (3) while caring for young chicks. </span></span><span><span>We used k-means clustering to categorize females into four distinct plasticity 'types' based on the timing, direction, and magnitude of their changes in aggression between stages. We then tested whether plasticity type and stage-specific aggression </span><span>vary</span><span> with </span><span>key</span><span> performance metrics.</span></span><span><span> Two of the four</span> <span>plasticity</span><span> types became less aggressive </span><span>across consecutive breeding stages</span><span>, consistent with population-level patterns, though these plasticity types </span><span>largely </span><span>did not differ from one another in survival or reproductive success</span></span><span><span>. A third type was characterized by high levels of among-stage plasticity</span><span>; </span><span>these females</span><span>, </span><span>had </span><span>significantly </span><span>lower body mass while parenting, </span><span>tended to hatch fewer eggs,</span> <span>and </span><span>had the lowest observed </span><span>overwinter survival </span><span>rates</span><span>. </span><span>A final type exhibited </span><span>limited</span><span> plasticity, with moderate to low levels of aggression </span><span>in all stages; </span><span>this low plasticity </span><span>-</span><span> low aggression phenotype</span><span> was not associated </span><span>with any </span><span>negative</span> <span>effects to </span><span>performance</span><span>.</span> <span>These</span><span> results reveal substantial among-individual variation in behavioral plasticity, which may reflect diverse solutions to trade-offs between current reproduction and future survival.</span></span></p>
Behavioural changes in the city: the common black garden ant defends aphids more aggressively in urban environments
<p>Data and R code to analyse changes in aphid and ant populations and behaviour along a gradient of urbanisation in Berlin, Germany. This release is associated to a publication in preparation and includes the updated R code used for publication:</p> <p>Gaber, H., Ruland, F, Jeschke, J. & Bernard-Verdier, M. (2024) Behavioural changes in the city: the common black garden ant defends aphids more aggressively in urban environments. <em>Ecology & Evolution</em> (publication details will soon be added)</p>
Figure 1 in Individual size, sex, and rearing environment impact on aggression in newly weaned seals
Figure 1. Frequency of aggression (smooth based on size by sex interaction on a linear scale predictor) from newly weaned male gray seals (n = 6) and their size (mass at capture in kilograms) with confidence intervals (dashed) and data points shown on the x-axis.
Data for: Mutualistic Acacia Ants exhibit reduced aggression and more frequent off-tree movements near termite mounds
<p>These are the raw data used in the paper "Mutualistic Acacia Ants exhibit reduced aggression and more frequent off-tree movements near termite mounds". Please see the README file for a more detailed description of the two CSV files. </p>
Fig. 3 in A review of Dendrocephalus (Dendrocephalinus) (Crustacea: Anostraca) with the first records of male-male anostracan aggressive competition
Fig. 3. Dendrocephalus proeliator sp. nov, male-male aggressive interactions. A. Encounter. B. Circling. C. Head to head attack. D. Broadside attack. E–F. Chasing.
Fig. 2 in A review of Dendrocephalus (Dendrocephalinus) (Crustacea: Anostraca) with the first records of male-male anostracan aggressive competition
Fig. 2. Dendrocephalus proeliator sp. nov. Paratypes; Florida, Dade County; FLMNH Type 9041. A. Male head, anterior view. B. Female, right lateral view. C. Right limb V, anterior view. D. Two examples of the egg. Abbreviations: 1V = first ventral branch; 2A = apical branch; 2D = dorsal branch (terminology follows Pereira 1983). Scale bar: A = 2 mm; B = 7 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 1.5 mm.
Fig. 1. Dendrocephalus spec. A in A review of Dendrocephalus (Dendrocephalinus) (Crustacea: Anostraca) with the first records of male-male anostracan aggressive competition
Fig. 1. Dendrocephalus spec. A. Dendrocephalus acacioidea, male head, left side, anterior view. B. Dendrocephalus alachua, male head, left side, anterior view. C. Dendrocephalus lithacus, male head, left side, anterior view. D. Dendrocephalus acacioidea, brood pouch, right, lateral view. E. Dendrocephalus alachua, brood pouch, right, lateral view. F. Dendrocephalus lithacus, brood pouch, right, lateral view. G. Dendrocephalus lithacus, male, labrum, ventral view. H. Dendrocephalus lithacus, gonopods, right, lateral view. Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm; D–F, H = 4 mm; G = 0.25 mm.
Figure 3 in Effects of genetic relatedness, spatial distance, and context on intraspecific aggression in the red wood ant Formica pratensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 3. Correlation between spatial distance and aggression levels in the field. Open circles correspond to monodomous colonies and filled circles correspond to the polydomous one.
Figure 1. Map showing the localities where F in Effects of genetic relatedness, spatial distance, and context on intraspecific aggression in the red wood ant Formica pratensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 1. Map showing the localities where F. pratensis colonies were sampled for the analysis of genetic relatedness and tested for their aggressive behavior towards each other. The numbers denote the localities. 1: Balaban village (N 41°49ʹ18ʺ, E 27°40ʹ44ʺ) containing three nests; B1, B2, and B3, 2: Asilbeyli village (N 41°39ʹ32ʺ, E 27°13ʹ50ʺ), one nest (As), 3: Ulukonak village (N 41°39ʹ35ʺ, E 27°01ʹ52ʺ) one nest (U), 4: Doğanköy village (N 41°56ʹ12ʺ, E 26°41ʹ20ʺ) one nest (D), and 5: Ahmetler village (N 42°00ʹ37ʺ, E 27°11ʹ12ʺ), three nests; Ah1, Ah2, and Ah3.
Fig. 1 in Minimal intraspecific aggression among tawny crazy ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida
Fig. 1. Florida map displaying county boundaries and the cities where tawny crazy ants were collected. The number of colonies used from each location are: 1 from Southport, 2 from Lithia, 3 from Callahan, 5 from Morriston, 8 from Gainesville, and 8 from Winter Garden. The Gainesville and Morriston collection sites are the closest together, located 38 km (23 miles) apart. The most separated sites, located 434 km (270 miles) apart, are Winter Garden and Southport.
Figure 4 in A new species of Myrmecotypus Pickard-Cambridge spider (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from the Bolivian orocline, imitating one of the world's most aggressive ants
Figure 4. Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus new species: Paratype female (CBF). A) Dorsal. B) Lateral (Please note that most hairs are broken off due to storage in ethanol). Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 3. Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus new species, genitalia. A in A new species of Myrmecotypus Pickard-Cambridge spider (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from the Bolivian orocline, imitating one of the world's most aggressive ants
Figure 3. Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus new species, genitalia. A) Palp male holotype (IBSI-Ara 1507), ventral view. B–C) Epigyne female allotype (IBSI-Ara 1467). B) Ventral. C) Same, cleared.
Figure 5 in A new species of Myrmecotypus Pickard-Cambridge spider (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from the Bolivian orocline, imitating one of the world's most aggressive ants
Figure 5. Comparison of ant-mimicking Myrmecotypus spider and potential ant model. A–B) Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus new species female, habitus in life. A) Dorsal. B) Lateral. C–D) Potential ant model Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius, 1804). C) Dorsal. D) Lateral.
Figure 1 in A new species of Myrmecotypus Pickard-Cambridge spider (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae) from the Bolivian orocline, imitating one of the world's most aggressive ants
Figure 1. Ecoregion distribution of Myrmecotypus rubrofemoratus new species, according to the regionalization by Navarro and Ferreira (2011). Collection location indicated by red circle, map produced with QGIS (version 2.14.3, http:// www.qgis.org/en/site).
Fig. 1 in Aggression and dominance in cichlids in resident-intruder tests: the role of environmental enrichment
Fig. 1. Prior-residency effect in five species of cichlid fish in enriched (grey bars) and non-enriched test conditions (white bars), showing that for four species the prior-residency effect was larger in the enriched condition. Dark grey bars denote a significant prior-residency effect (binomial test, P<0.05), and numbers on the right indicate the number of pairs tested for each species. Data from Geophagus brasiliensis are taken from Kadry & Barreto (2010).
Fig. 1 in Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions
Fig. 1. Effect of environmental enrichment on aggressive interactions in pairs of pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis. Aggression was studied in the resident fish's territory. The graphic shows median, quartiles, and minimum and maximum values. * denotes statistical difference between values within a same enrichment condition (p <0.05; Wilcoxon test) and between resident fish (p <0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). # denotes statistical difference between value for intruder fish (p <0.05; Mann-Whitney U test).
Fig. 1 in Oxidative stress biomarkers and aggressive behavior in fish exposed to aquatic cadmium contamination
Fig. 1. Effects of cadmium exposure on aggressiveness parameters of Nile tilapia. Values are means (± SD). * = Statistically different from control.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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