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28 results for “alpine treeline”
Asymmetric effects of daytime and nighttime warming on alpine treeline recruitment
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Data from: Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land-use changes in Alpine treelines
Climate change and extreme events, such as drought, threaten ecosystems world-wide and in particular mountain ecosystems, where species often live at their environmental tolerance limits. In the European Alps, plant communities are also influenced by land-use abandonment leading to woody encroachment of subalpine and alpine grasslands. In this study, we explored how the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines will respond to gradual climate warming, drought events and land-use change in terms of forest expansion rates, taxonomic diversity and functional composition. We used a previously validated dynamic vegetation model, FATE-HD, parameterized for plant communities in the Ecrins National Park in the French Alps. Our results showed that intense drought counteracted the forest expansion at higher elevations driven by land-use abandonment and climate change, especially when combined with high drought frequency (occurring every 2 or less than 2 years). Furthermore, intense and frequent drought accelerated the rates of taxonomic change and resulted in overall higher taxonomic spatial heterogeneity of the ecotone than would be expected under gradual climate and land-use changes only. Synthesis and applications. The results from our model show that intense and frequent drought counteracts forest expansion driven by climate and land-use changes in the forest–grassland ecotone of Alpine tree lines. We argue that land-use planning must consider the effects of extreme events, such as drought, as well as climate and land-use changes, since extreme events might interfere with trends predicted under gradual climate warming and agricultural abandonment.
Potential alpine habitat in the western USA based on treeline elevation
<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: create a map of potential alpine habitat in the western USA as a basis for future studies in ecology and biogeography.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: all mountains in the continental USA west of 104° longitude.</p> <p><strong>Procedure</strong>: manually identify treeline elevations; interpolate a surface of these elevations; intersect the surface with a 90-m resolution DEM; record all areas above these elevations as projected alpine habitat; for display, map the area recorded as alpine at 90-m resolution.</p> <p><strong>Products</strong>: a map for display; a dataset of elevations of treeline at 268 points on 66 mountain ranges in the western USA (61) and Canada (5); a dataset of points recorded as above treeline at 90-m resolution.</p>
Global Actual Alpine Treeline Elevation (AATE) database
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Winter damage is more important than summer temperature for maintaining the krummholz growth form above alpine treeline
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. Understanding the processes that control alpine treelines, the elevational limits of tree growth forms, has been a central question in ecology and is growing in importance with concern over climate change. Cool summer air temperatures are currently thought to be the ultimate limiter of upright tree growth at alpine treelines globally. However, winter damage has long been recognized as a shaping force near alpine treelines. Low-growing krummholz growth forms provide an opportunity to test hypotheses about the controls of upright growth in environments above current treelines.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. To distinguish between effects of growing season temperature, winter damage and their interaction on preventing upright growth in krummholz, we conducted a field experiment on krummholz growth forms of <i>Pinus albicaulis </i>over the summer and winter of 2015-2016 at 10 mountain top sites in the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA. We experimentally manipulated four factors using a fully crossed design: shoot position (natural low position in the krummholz mat vs. propped up above the krummholz mat), summer warming (warming chamber vs. ambient), winter exposure (shelter cage vs. exposed), and elevation position (local high vs. low krummholz limits). We also conducted an observational study of the climatic conditions associated with recent natural emergent stem establishment from krummholz. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. Experimentally propped shoots that were exposed in winter experienced the highest mortality (10-50%), while propped shoots in shelter cages and shoots located within the krummholz mat, whether caged or not, had low mortality (0-10%). Summer warming had little influence on shoot mortality. Surviving mat shoots had marginally higher growth rates than surviving propped shoots during the early growing season after treatments were established. Natural emergent stem establishment was associated with warmer than average summer temperatures, but also warmer winter temperatures, lower winter wind speeds, and lower snowpack.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. <i>Synthesis</i>. Our results suggest winter damage plays a more important role than does growing season temperature in maintaining the krummholz growth form. While warming may increase opportunities for emergent shoot establishment above krummholz mats, establishment of upright trees in the krummholz zone will also require climatic change that reduces wind and snow transport which cause winter damage.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Extreme climate events counteract the effects of climate and land-use changes in Alpine treelines
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Potential alpine habitat in the western USA based on treeline elevation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Winter damage is more important than summer temperature for maintaining the krummholz growth form above alpine treeline
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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