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39 results for “ancestral area”
Fig. 4 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.
Fig. 4. Spatial analysis of vicariance. A-B: Hypothetical barrier at vicariant node 44 (A) and 64 (B); red and blue dots show disjunct sister clades.
Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.
Fig. 3. Spatial analysis of vicariance. A: Tree of the Leptodactylus fuscus group showing a consensus reconstruction of historical biogeography by vicariance inference. Green squares show disjunction; red empty squares show the nodes ignored by the program. B–D: Hypothetical barrier at vicariant node 71 (B), 68 (C) and 55 (D); red and blue dots show disjunct sister clades.
Fig. 1 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.
Fig. 1. Leptodactylus fuscus group species distribution area. Biogeographical subregions and provinces proposed by Morrone (2006) are shown in different colors. A: Caribbean subregion; B: Chacoan subregion; C: Parana subregion; D: Amazonian subregion; E: North American Pacific subregion; F: Mexican transition zone region; G: South American transition zone region.
Fig. 2 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.
Fig. 2. Ancestral areas of Leptodactylus fuscus group. Nodes show the most probable state. The letters and coarse colored circles indicate the ancestral areas of each node. Green, blue and yellow thin circles show vicariance, dispersions and extinctions events, respectively. A: Caribbean subregion; B: Chacoan subregion; C: Parana subregion; D: Amazonian subregion; E: North American Pacific subregion.
Data from: Ancestral area analyses reveal Pleistocene-influenced evolution in a clade of Coastal Plain endemic plants
<p><strong>AIM:</strong> The North American Coastal Plain is currently recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, the mechanisms driving high levels of species richness in a region with relatively low topographic relief and homogeneous climate are unclear. We investigated the evolutionary processes driving ancestral area evolution and diversification in a biodiversity hotspot from both a systematic and biogeographic context using a clade endemic to the hotspot.</p> <p><strong>LOCATION</strong>: North American Coastal Plain</p> <p><strong>TAXON</strong>: The Scrub Mint clade comprises <em>Dicerandra</em>, <em>Conradina</em>, <em>Piloblephis</em>, <em>Stachydeoma</em>, and four species of <em>Clinopodium</em> (Mentheae; Lamiaceae), almost all of which are endemic to the North American Coastal Plain. </p> <p><strong>METHODS</strong>: We generated a dated phylogeny using a target enrichment/capture dataset and then calculated ancestral area using biogeographic models. We uncovered neo- and paleo-endemism hotspots and inferred ancestral potential ranges at each node based on ancestral niche reconstructions and paleoclimatic data to understand the geographic range evolution of subclades. </p> <p><strong>RESULTS</strong>: Ancestral area for the SMC was inferred to be the Florida Panhandle/Apalachicola River basin. A diversification event likely happened around the mid-Pleistocene Transition. Endemism hotspots were recovered in NE Florida, the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, and along the Lake Wales Ridge. Reconstructions of potential ranges support biogeographic findings, with the ancestor of the SMC likely located in the vicinity of the northeastern Gulf Coast during interglacial and glacial periods.</p> <p><strong>MAIN</strong> <strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>: The timing of diversification events and colonization of new areas by ancestors of the SMC is consistent with the timing of major geological events in the region. The presence of multiple types of endemism highlights the complexity of evolutionary and ecological processes that foster the large number of endemic taxa found in this region. Efforts to identify hotspots in this region will be critical to preserving the remaining pockets of biodiversity threatened by global change.</p>
Phylogenetic endemism and ancestral area inference reveal historical refugia in the Greater Cape Floristic Region
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Data from: Ancestral area analyses reveal Pleistocene-influenced evolution in a clade of Coastal Plain endemic plants
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Fig. 10. Ancestral area reconstruction for Priapulus caudatus estimated from S in Cryptic species complex or an incomplete speciation? Phylogeographic analysis reveals an intricate Pleistocene history of Priapulus caudatus Lamarck, 1816
Fig. 10. Ancestral area reconstruction for Priapulus caudatus estimated from S-DIVA algorithm using ultrametric COI tree calculated in BEAST 2.4 software. Numbers at the tips of the trees correspond to the sampling locations on the map (designated as in Fig. 1). Letters represent most likely ancestral range. Sectors in circles indicate the percent of total range probability. Biogeographical regions in the map as in Piepenburg et al. (2011), Ekimova et al. (2019), Laakkonen et al. (2021).
FIGURE 2 in Molecular investigation of the intra-specific genetic variation in Plantago ovata Forssk. (Plantaginaceae): An insight into potential ancestral area distribution and probable time of dispersal versus vicariance events
FIGURE 2 Combined RASP and chronological tree of BEAST for P. ovata accessions (The scale numbers are in MY).
FIGURE1 in Molecular investigation of the intra-specific genetic variation in Plantago ovata Forssk. (Plantaginaceae): An insight into potential ancestral area distribution and probable time of dispersal versus vicariance events
FIGURE1 TCS network of the studied P. ovata plants based on ITS sequences showing a higher level of nucleotide replacement within the Asiatic samples (Hatch marks indicate the number of mutations).
Fig. 1 The study area showing the 21 in Invading a refugium: post glacial replacement of the ancestral lineage of a Nymphalid butterfly in the West Mediterranean
Fig. 1 The study area showing the 21 sampled localities: 1 Esperia, 2 Ischia, 3 Napoli, 4 Capri, 5 Punta Campanella, 6 Ottati, 7 Castrovillari, 8 Cosenza, 9 Sila Grande, 10 Isola Capo Rizzuto, 11 Monte Limina, 12 Gambarie, 13 Portella Rizzo, 14 Santa Lucia sul Melo, 15 Lipari, 16 Galati
Figure 1 from: Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Ruegg K, Hernández-Baños BE (2024) Biogeographic factors contributing to the diversification of Euphoniinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae): a phylogenetic and ancestral areas analysis. ZooKeys 1188: 169-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.107047
Figure 1 Maximum likelihood phylogeny with nextRAD data for Euphoniinae. A1, A2: genus Chlorophonia, B1, B2, and B3 genus Euphonia. From top to bottom, the illustrations depict AC. occipitalisBC. elegantissimaCE. jamaicaDE. luteicapillaEE. pectoralisFE. anneaeGE. hirundinacea. The illustrations were created by Germán García Lugo.
Figure 4 from: Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Ruegg K, Hernández-Baños BE (2024) Biogeographic factors contributing to the diversification of Euphoniinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae): a phylogenetic and ancestral areas analysis. ZooKeys 1188: 169-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.107047
Figure 4 Biogeographical ancestral area reconstruction from BioGeoBEARS. Time Calibrated Tree with hypothetical ancestral areas and present areas and Biogeographical areas used in this study. The areas were mapped using ArcGIS (ArcMAP 10.2.2; Esri, Redlands, CA, USA) and the Biogeographic Regionalization on the Neotropical region shapefiles (Löwenberg 2014; Morrone 2014) see the text for more information.
Figure 2 from: Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Ruegg K, Hernández-Baños BE (2024) Biogeographic factors contributing to the diversification of Euphoniinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae): a phylogenetic and ancestral areas analysis. ZooKeys 1188: 169-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.107047
Figure 2 Maximum likelihood phylogeny based on ND2 data for Euphoniinae. A1 and A2: genus Chlorophonia, B1, B2, and B3 genus Euphonia.
Supplementary material 1 from: Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Ruegg K, Hernández-Baños BE (2024) Biogeographic factors contributing to the diversification of Euphoniinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae): a phylogenetic and ancestral areas analysis. ZooKeys 1188: 169-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.107047
Supplementary information
FIGURE. 3a in Molecular investigation of the intra-specific genetic variation in Plantago ovata Forssk. (Plantaginaceae): An insight into potential ancestral area distribution and probable time of dispersal versus vicariance events
FIGURE. 3a: Brownish midrib of the bract; b: reddish-brown midrib on the corolla lobes in P. ovata.
Table 4. Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction results for Liphistius using S in Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and species delimitation of segmented spider genus Liphistius (Araneae: Liphistiidae) in Thailand
<p><b>Table 4.</b> Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction results for <i>Liphistius</i> using S-DIVALIKE+J. The letters A–I correspond to geographical locations shown in Figure 4. The notation shows the biogeographic event in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 4A) includes →: from the parent node to descendent nodes; ^: Sympatric speciation; |: Vicariance.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Diversification events</b></th><th><b>Dates</b></th><th><b>DIVALIKE+J</b></th><th></th><th></th></tr><tr><th></th><th><b>(Mya)</b></th><th><b>Ancestral areas</b></th><th><b>Process</b></th><th><b>Route and probability</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Liphistiidae</th><td>100</td><td>BCI 13.60</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>BCI→I|BC</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 1)</th><td></td><td>CEI 13.33</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.02</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>BEI 10.96</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Heptathelinae</th><td>58.43</td><td>I 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>I→I^I→I| I</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>Liphistius</i></th><td>53.61</td><td>BC 14.34</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>BC→C|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 2)</th><td></td><td>CE 14.05</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.03</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>C 12.37</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>L. indra</i> + <i>L.</i></th><td>45.51</td><td>C 45.23</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>C→CE→C|E</td></tr><tr><th><i>lahu</i> (Fig. 4, number 3)</th><td></td><td>E 38.20</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.45</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>CE 16.50</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>trang</i> species</th><td>49.61</td><td>B 39.38</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→DB→D|B</td></tr><tr><th>group + <i>bristowei</i> species group (Fig. 3, number 4)</th><td></td><td>D 30.43</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.30</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>BD 14.72</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>bristowei</i> spe-</th><td>32.86</td><td>D 75.76</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>D→D^D→D|D</td></tr><tr><th>cies group (Fig. 4, number 5)</th><td></td><td>C 21.28</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.55</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>A 2.02</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of <i>trang</i> species</th><td>46.54</td><td>B 99.88</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B| B</td></tr><tr><th>group (Fig. 4, number 6)</th><td></td><td>A 0.08</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>H 0.01</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Sibumasu I</th><td>41.39</td><td>B 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>clade (Fig. 4, number 7)</th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Sinbumasu II–</th><td>42.48</td><td>B 99.76</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>IV and Indochina clades (Fig. 4, number 8)</th><td></td><td>A 0.18</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.96</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>G 0.03</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu II</th><td>30.56</td><td>B 99.91</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 9)</th><td></td><td>A 0.09</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.97</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu</th><td>38.89</td><td>B 96.03</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→AB→A|B</td></tr><tr><th>III–IV and Indochina clade (Fig. 4, number 10)</th><td></td><td>A 2.65</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.48</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>G 0.67</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu III</th><td>31.69</td><td>A 51.95</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>A→A^A→A| A</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 11)</th><td></td><td>B 48.05</td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob:.26</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu</th><td>34.81</td><td>B 96.15</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>B→BG→B| G</td></tr><tr><th>IV + Indochina clade (Fig. 4, number 12)</th><td></td><td>G 1.94</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.48</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>H 1.90</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Shibumasu IV</th><td>17.02</td><td>B 100</td><td>Dispersal:0</td><td>B→B^B→B|B</td></tr><tr><th>(Fig. 4, number 13)</th><td></td><td></td><td>Vicariance:0</td><td>prob: 1.00</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>The most recent common ancestor of Indochina</th><td>31.15</td><td>G 50.43</td><td>Dispersal:1</td><td>G→GH→G|H</td></tr><tr><th>clade (Fig. 4, number 14)</th><td></td><td>H 49.38</td><td>Vicariance:1</td><td>prob:.50</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>D 0.20</td><td>Extinction:0</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 3 from: Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Ruegg K, Hernández-Baños BE (2024) Biogeographic factors contributing to the diversification of Euphoniinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae): a phylogenetic and ancestral areas analysis. ZooKeys 1188: 169-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.107047
Figure 3 Time Calibrated Tree based on nextRAD data for Euphoniinae.
Fig. 1 a Dated phylogeny and ancestral area reconstruction for 147 in Against all odds: reconstructing the evolutionary history of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) despite high levels of incongruence and reticulate evolution
Fig. 1 a Dated phylogeny and ancestral area reconstruction for 147 Scrophularia species, on a majority-rule consensus tree obtained from Bayesian analysis of combined plastid trnQ-rps16 intergenic spacer and trnL-trnF region alongside coded indels. Branches indicate levels of support, based on posterior probabilities (PP) and plotted bootstrap support values (BS) from Maximum Likelihood optimization; bold PP ≥ 95 or BS ≥ 85, semi-bold PP ≥ 90 or BS ≥ 75, thin PP <90/BS <75. Seven additional nodes only supported by ML (BS ≥ 50) were added manually but not incorporated into further analyses. Gray bars on the right denote Clades 1–18 and main species groups as discussed in the text. An arrow indicates the position of the Himalayan-Tibetan endemic genus Oreosolen. Single accessions displaying hard incongruence among (2ISP-coded) nuclear and plastid trees are marked in bold; Clades 7 and 5 (excluding S. chlorantha; plus S. cryptophila) as a whole are also hardly incongruent. The occurrence of large indels as defined in Table 2 is indicated next to each accession with the respective length type number;
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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