Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 4 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 4. Terminalia of Tachydromia cantabrica Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov., holotype (RBINS). A. Right surstylus and right epandrial lamella. B. Epandrium with cerci. C. Left epandrial lamella and left surstylus. D. Right surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 10 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 10. Terminalia of Tachydromia nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov., holotype (RBINS). A. Right surstylus and right epandrial lamella. B. Epandrium with cerci. C. Left epandrial lamella and left surstylus. D. Right surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 20 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 20. Drawings of the tip of stenopterous wings and images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the micropterous wings. Males are pictured in the left column, females in the right. A–B. T. ebejeri Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. C–D. T. cantabrica Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. E–F. T. lusitanica (Grootaert, Shamshev & Andrade, 2009). G–H. T. nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. Scale bars: A–B, D, F, H = 10 µm; C, E, G = 50 µm.

Fig. 3 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 3. Terminalia of Tachydromia apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006 from Italy, Lazio, Posta (RBINS). A. Right surstylus and right epandrial lamella. B. Epandrium with cerci. C. Left epandrial lamella and left surstylus. D. Right surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 1. Currently known distribution of the Iberian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803. Each dot represents a presence point, with each colour corresponding to a different species. When two species co-occur in the same area, their presence is represented by a smaller dot on top of a dot of regular dimension, each of those with the colour corresponding to the co-occurring species. The dots surrounded by a black circle with a vertical line represent localities previously known.

Fig. 2 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 2. Maximum-likelihood tree (ln L = -29397.646621) based on the combined dataset (COI, nontrimmed 28S,12S, AATS and PGD) using Garli ver. 2.01.1067 and the structural alignment for 28S. Bootstrap support values (below) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (above) are depicted at the nodes (only> 50 or> 0.5, respectively). Abbreviations: BS = Bootstrap support values; PP = Bayesian posterior probabilities. A greyscale is used to highlight the ingroup, where the darkest shade of grey highlights the Iberian flightless ant-like species of Tachydromia Meigen, 1803, followed by a lighter shade which includes T. apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006, hence representing all the flightless species occurring in southern Europe and, finally, the lighter shade covers all Tachydromia analysed, including the macropterous species assigned to different species groups sensu Chvála (1970). The white bar indicates the species originally assigned to genus Pieltainia Arias, 1919, while the grey bars indicate the taxa originally assigned to genus different species-groups sensu Chvála (1970).

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic And Functional Diversity Of Ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) In An Upper Hill Dipterocarp Forest In Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 3. Species rank abundance for number of ants caught during the sampling in Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia in 2008 [Δ], 2009 [ο] and combined [■].

Fig. 1. a. Sampling occurred within a 200 in Taxonomic And Functional Diversity Of Ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) In An Upper Hill Dipterocarp Forest In Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 1. a. Sampling occurred within a 200-ha area of the Perak Integrated Timber Complex (PITC) where 24 sampling plots were established. b. Filled circle shows the location of PITC in the Temengor Forest Reserve in northern Peninsular Malaysia. c. Each sampling plot consisted of a 20 × 80 m rectangle that contained four square subplots (20 × 20 m) delineated within them. Each subplot was further divided into four 10 × 10 m quadrats. Open circles indicate placement of arboreal pitfall and ground pitfall traps and filled circles indicate placement of baits and leaf litter sifting in each quadrat.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic And Functional Diversity Of Ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) In An Upper Hill Dipterocarp Forest In Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 4. Number of species (bars) and number of individual (lines) of ants from different functional groups. C: Cryptic species; DD: Dominant Dolichoderinae, GM: Generalised Myrmicinae; TCS: Tropical Climate Specialists; O: Opportunists; SC: Subordinate Componitini; SP: Specialist Predators.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic And Functional Diversity Of Ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) In An Upper Hill Dipterocarp Forest In Peninsular Malaysia

Fig. 2. Species accumulation curves with error bars for sampling in Temengor Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia in 2008 [Δ], 2009 [ο] and combined [■].

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

dryad40/100

Ant handling changes myrmecochore seed coat microbiomes and alters diversity of seed-borne plant pathogenic fungi

<p>The putative benefits to seeds in myrmecochory (ant-mediated seed dispersal) are often cast in a reward context. However, microbes have been mostly overlooked as seed mortality agents in myrmecochory, as have potential treatments provided by ant-handling. We investigated the effects of ant handling on the diversity of seed coat fungal communities of three myrmecochorous plant species. Ant-handling altered measures of both alpha and beta diversity of fungal communities. Ant-handled seeds harbored different overall fungal communities and plant pathogen communities than non-ant-handled seeds. The myrmecochore pathogenic fungal community showed high dissimilarity (high pairwise community turnover) between ant-handled and control seeds, while beta diversity measures for ant-handled seeds and seeds with manually-removed elaiosomes were less dissimilar. Ant handling may offer an additional benefit to myrmecochorous seeds via the reduction of the seed coat pathogenic community, which may be driven by elaiosome removal or as a byproduct of ant cleaning behaviors and chemical secretions. </p>

Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n = 35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n = 30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d).

Figure 5. Principal component plot for the 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 5. Principal component plot for the 4 most diagnostic morphometric variables (GUHL, dCLAN, MP6 and nSt) to distinguish individual specimens of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (n = 39) from those belonging to morphologically similar-looking Palearctic species (n = 49). For a definition of variables see Supplementary Table S3 and Fig. S1.

Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 6. Projected occurrence probability from ecological niche modeling for the Palearctic ant Lasius niger which has been introduced to Canada, based on 19 climatic and one land use variable. The intensity of blue colour indicates the probability of occurrence on a 0–1 scale based on 180 presences (black circles) and 182 absences (white circles) in the native range in the Old World (a). The model was then projected to North America to estimate areas of suitable habitat for this introduced species (b). These maps have been created using the free R-package "ggplot2" v3.3.5 (https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org) in R v4.1.1.

Figure 2. Mitotype tree and distribution maps for 98 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 2. Mitotype tree and distribution maps for 98 DNA-barcodes belonging to 7 mitotypes of the ant Lasius niger (blue, n = 70) and 15 mitotypes of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (red, n = 28). The red dashed line delimits the expected natural range of L. ponderosae sp. nov.53 Maps have been created using the free R-package "ggmap" v3.0.0 (https://github.com/dkahle/ggmap) in R v4.1.1. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0.

Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i).

Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 1. Molecular phylogeny of 26 Holarctic ant taxa belonging to the subgenus Lasius sensu Wilson (1955) and two outgroup taxa (L. pallitarsis and L. mixtus). The phylogeny was calculated under the coalescent model and incorporates data from 9 genes (mtDNA: COI, COII, 16S, nuDNA: Defensin, H3, LR, Wg, Top1 & 28S). Names of species native to the Nearctic are shown in red and those of species native to the Palearctic in blue. Node labels show posterior probability (Bayesian inference) followed by bootstrap support (Maximum likelihood). The scale bar indicates the length of 0.01 substitutions/site.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Fig. 36. Monomorium carbo Forel, 1910 in Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography

Fig. 36. Monomorium carbo Forel, 1910, syntype, worker (CASENT0249908, AntWeb.org (Shannon Hartman)). A. Body in profile. B. Head in full-face view. C. Distribution map.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Fig. 31. Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881 in Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography

Fig. 31. Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881, worker (CASENT0906369, AntWeb.org (Estella Ortega)). A. Body in profile. B. Head in full-face view. C. Distribution map.