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62 results for “aquatic invertebrates”
Evidence that long-distance dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by ducks increases with propagule size
<ol> <li> <span>Migratory ducks are key dispersal agents for aquatic organisms, yet </span><span>differences in their potential for short- and long-distance dispersal are still poorly understood, particularly differences among </span><span>aquatic invertebrate taxa</span><span>. </span> </li> <li> <span>Using seven species of </span><span>aquatic invertebrates and </span><span>a duck species known to feed on them in the wild (the northern shoveler) </span><span>as a model system, we evaluated whether their potential for endozoochorous dispersal varies among 5 of the species and scales with propagule size for the 7 species. We also tested the expectation of a lower dispersal potential for invertebrate propagules, as compared to plant seeds; and evaluated whether intra-specific variation (in particular, sexual dimorphism) influences the potential of waterbirds as dispersal vectors. </span> </li> <li><span>An experiment with 5 invertebrate species demonstrated that most resting eggs (68–95%) were retrieved by 4 h after ingestion, with maximum gut passage times ranging from 16 h for <em>Daphnia</em> <em>magna</em> to 36 h for <em>Artemia</em> <em>salina</em> and <em>Thamnocephalus</em> <em>platyurus</em>. Using models that combine migratory duck movements with gut passage times, we show that aquatic invertebrates may disperse frequently over distances of 15–16 km (median dispersal distance) and regularly over distances up to 110–166 km (Q99 distance). </span></li> <li> <span>I</span><span>ncreasing propagule size resulted in increasing gut passage times, decreasing survival of gut passage and decreasing hatching success. While propagule size had no effects on 'regular' dispersal distances (mean, median, Q95 and Q99), the frequency of long-distance dispersal (LDD) increased with it. </span> </li> <li><span>Increasing propagule size therefore had two contrasting effects on invertebrate dispersal potential, decreasing the frequency of dispersal (less seeds dispersed) but increasing the potential for long-distance dispersal. </span></li> <li><span><em>Conclusions</em>: We provide evidence that endozoochory of invertebrate propagules by waterbirds results in frequent dispersal among wetlands (tens of km) and regular dispersal at regional scale (over a hundred km).</span></li> </ol>
Multiple evolutionary transitions of reproductive strategies in a phylum of aquatic colonial invertebrates
<p><strong>PHYLOGENIES</strong></p> <p><strong>All_genes_alignment.nex</strong></p> <p>The concatenated mixed alignment consisting of, 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes as amino acids, mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes 12S+16S, and nuclear 18S+28S rRNA genes. Gene boundaries and excludes sites are indicated.</p> <p><strong>Fig_2.nex</strong></p> <p>Topology of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mixed concatenated alignment consisting of three partitions: (i) 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes as amino acids, (ii) mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes 12S+16S, (iii) nuclear 18S+28S rRNA genes. The analysis was performed in MrBayes5D v. 3.2.6 under the GTR+G model of nucleotide evolution (nucleotides) and the MTZOA+G model (amino acids). The analysis was run for 2.4 million generations; 1.5 million generations were discarded as burn-in.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S3</strong></p> <p>Topology of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mixed concatenated alignment consisting of three partitions: (i) 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) as amino acids, (ii) mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes 12S+16S, (iii) nuclear 18S+28S rRNA genes. The analysis was performed in p4 under the GTR+G model of nucleotide evolution (nucleotides) and the MTZOA+G+F model (amino acids). The +F model component accommodates empirical composition in the amino acid model. The analysis used three separate runs for 300,000 generations; 200,000 generations were discarded as burn-in.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S4</strong></p> <p>Topology of the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the mixed concatenated alignment consisting of three partitions: (i) 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes as amino acids, (ii) mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes 12S+16S, (iii) nuclear 18S+28S rRNA genes. The analysis was performed in RAxML HPC-PTHREADS-SSE3 v. 8.2.12 under the GTR+G (nucleotides) and the MTZOA+G+F models (amino acids).</p> <p><strong>Fig_S5</strong></p> <p>Topology of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the 12S+16S rRNA gene partition constructed using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 under the GTR + G model. The analysis was run for 20 million generations; 10 million generations were discarded as burn-in.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S6</strong></p> <p>Topology of the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the 12S+16S rRNA gene partition constructed using RAxML HPC-PTHREADS-SSE3 v. 8.2.12 under the GTRCAT model.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S7</strong></p> <p>Topology of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the 18S+28S rRNA gene partition constructed using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 under the GTR + G model. The analysis was run for 20 million generations; 10 million generations were discarded as burn-in.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S8</strong></p> <p>Topology of the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the 18S+28S rRNA gene partition constructed using RAxML HPC-PTHREADS-SSE3 v. 8.2.12 under the GTRCAT model.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S9</strong></p> <p>Topology of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes as amino acids constructed using MrBayes5D v. 3.2.6 under the MTZOA+G model. The analysis was run for 3.7 million generations; 2.5 million generations were discarded as burn-in.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S10</strong></p> <p>Topology of the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes as amino acids constructed using RAxML HPC-PTHREADS-SSE3 v. 8.2.12 under the PROTGAMMAMTZOA model.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S11</strong></p> <p>Topology of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mixed concatenated alignment consisting of three partitions: (i) 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) as amino acids, (ii) mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes 12S+16S, (iii) nuclear 18S+28S rRNA genes. The analysis was performed in p4 under the NDCH-C2 model. The analysis used four separate runs for 300,000 generations; 200,000 generations were discarded as burn-in. The NDCH model accommodates compositional tree-heterogeneity and was used because there was a large amount of compositional heterogeneity over the sequences, especially in the PCGs and 12S+16S rRNA data partitions. This is an NDCH model with two composition vectors on each of the three data partitions.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S12</strong></p> <p>Topology of the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mixed concatenated alignment consisting of three partitions: (i) 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes as amino acids, (ii) mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes 12S+16S, (iii) nuclear 18S+28S rRNA genes. This analysis excluded all terminals for which less than half of mitogenome genes were available, or which only had one of the two nuclear rRNA genes. The analysis was performed in MrBayes5D v. 3.2.6 under the GTR+G model of nucleotide evolution (nucleotides) and the MTZOA+G model (amino acids). The analysis was run for 350,000 generations; 125,000 generations were discarded as burn-in.</p> <p><strong>Fig_S13</strong></p> <p>Topology of the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the mixed concatenated alignment consisting of three partitions: (i) 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes as amino acids, (ii) mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes 12S+16S, (iii) nuclear 18S+28S rRNA genes. This analysis excluded all terminals for which less than half of mitogenome genes were available, or which only had one of the two nuclear rRNA genes. The analysis was performed in RAxML HPC-PTHREADS-SSE3 v. 8.2.12 under the GTR+G (nucleotides) and the MTZOA+G+F models (amino acids).</p> <p><strong>ANCESTRAL CHARACTER ESTIMATION:</strong></p> <p><strong>ACE.R</strong></p> <p>R script of the ancestral character estimation carried out in phytools.</p> <p><strong>Reproductive_strategy_numbers.csv</strong></p> <p>Data input file for ACE analysis (reproductive strategies coded as numbers)</p> <p><strong>Reproductive_strategies.xlsx</strong></p> <p>List of reproductive strategies per taxon with the corresponding numerical codes used in the file 'Reproductive_stategies_numbers.csv'.</p> <p><strong>Tree.tre</strong></p> <p>Input tree for ACE analysis.</p>
Data from: Effects of salinization on tropical freshwater wetland primary producers and aquatic invertebrates
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Evidence that long-distance dispersal of aquatic invertebrates by ducks increases with propagule size
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Data from: Development and validation of targeted environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for early detection of 69 invasive fishes and aquatic invertebrates
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Living on the edge: Predicting invertebrate richness and rarity in disturbance-prone aquatic–terrestrial ecosystems
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Data from: From incipient to substantial: evolution of placentotrophy in a phylum of aquatic colonial invertebrates
Matrotrophy has long been known in invertebrates, but it is still poorly understood and has never been reviewed. A striking example of matrotrophy (namely, placentotrophy) is provided by the Bryozoa, a medium-sized phylum of the aquatic colonial filter feeders. Here I report on an extensive anatomical study of placental analogues in 21 species of the bryozoan order Cheilostomata, offering the first review on matrotrophy among aquatic invertebrates. The first anatomical description of incipient placentotrophy in invertebrates is presented together with the evidence for multiple independent origins of placental analogues in this order. The combinations of contrasting oocytic types (macrolecithal or oligolecithal) and various degrees of placental development and embryonic enlargement during incubation, found in different bryozoan species, are suggestive of a transitional series from the incipient to the substantial placentotrophy accompanied by an inverse change in oogenesis, a situation reminiscent of some vertebrates. It seems that matrotrophy could trigger the evolution of sexual zooidal polymorphism in some clades. The results of this study show that this phylum, with its wide variety of reproductive patterns, incubation devices and types of the simple placenta-like systems, offers a promising model for studying parallel evolution of placentotrophy in particular, and matrotrophy in general.
Data from: Patterns and drivers of aquatic invertebrate diversity across an arid biome
Managing and restoring faunal diversity across large areas requires an understanding of the roles of connectivity and dispersal in driving community patterns. We sought to determine the influence of connectivity, water regime, water source, geographical location, and dispersal traits on patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity across a continent-wide arid biome. We compiled data on freshwater invertebrate assemblages from sites spanning the breadth of arid Australia. Univariate analyses (analysis of variance and rarefaction) revealed that alpha and gamma diversity across sites decreased as latitude increased. Multivariate analyses (ordination and analysis of similarity) revealed that community composition had considerable fidelity to geographic regions. Hydrological connectivity was strongly associated with riverine community composition although water rarely flowed (often less than annually). Hydrologically isolated sites (springs and rockholes) supported communities that were markedly dissimilar to hydrologically connected sites, and to each other. We investigated the influence of dispersal on diversity patterns by examining Distance Decay Relationships for each of four dispersal trait groups (obligate aquatic and passive, weak, and strong aerial dispersers) on the basis of geodesic (shortest path) distances between pairs of sites and Mantel tests. We did not detect clear differences between dispersal traits and distance decay relationships at the continental scale, even for the two groups with the lowest dispersal ability (obligate aquatics and passive dispersers.) Our results suggest that the loss of hydrological connectivity from water developments in arid lands (for example, the impoundment of intermittent rivers) is likely to affect macroinvertebrates. However, the exact flow mechanisms underlying such changes remain to be determined.
Aquatic Invertebrate Data
<p>These data were collected in association with a rotenone treatment of Kings and Anderson Lakes in Southcentral Alaska to remove a population of invasive northern pike. The treatment occurred October 2020. Samples were collected pre-treatment in August 2020, and post-treatment in August 2021.</p>
Figure 2 in A quantitative survey of the aquatic invertebrate community in the "Monumento natural Salar de Surire" on the Chilean Altiplano
Figure 2. Interaction plot from the two-way ANOVA, including site (three levels) and year (four levels) as factors, and the Shannon diversity index of aquatic invertebrates (log-transformed) as the response variable. The "hot spring" site was not included in this analysis since it never yielded more than one species (i.e. zero diversity). See Results for details.
Ecotoxicological threshold values for water organisms, aquatic invertebrates
<p>Ecotoxicological threshold values for water organisms, aquatic invertebrates</p>
Data of aquatic macro invertebrates and environmental conditions of upland lakes at Amazon
<p>Data of aquatic macro invertebrates and environmental conditions of upland lakes at Amazon</p>
Data from: Beta diversity of aquatic invertebrates increases along an altitudinal gradient in a Neotropical mountain
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Data from: Top-down control by an aquatic invertebrate predator increases with temperature but does not depend on individual behavioural type
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Data from: From incipient to substantial: evolution of placentotrophy in a phylum of aquatic colonial invertebrates
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Data from: Patterns and drivers of aquatic invertebrate diversity across an arid biome
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Data from: Artificial lighting at night alters aquatic-riparian invertebrate food webs
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Data from: Artificial agri-environment scheme ponds do not replicate natural environments despite higher aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate richness and abundance
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">1. Farmland ponds are a highly threatened freshwater habitat which has undergone dramatic losses during the last 200 years due to land drainage schemes and agricultural intensification. Agri-environment schemes (AES) incentivise farmers to adopt farming methods to benefit biodiversity, yet there are a paucity of data evaluating the success of artificially created AES ponds as analogues of natural ponds in an attempt to recreate lost environments.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">2. We examined variation in environmental parameters and aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate communities between 38 natural ponds and 91 artificial ponds that were created in south-west Ireland (<i>n</i>=129).</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">3. Artificial ponds in agricultural grassland did not replicate natural ponds in adjacent semi-natural habitats differing significantly in size, pH, conductivity, productivity (indicated by submerged and emergent plant cover including algae) and surrounding vegetation structure i.e. sward height. These differences significantly influenced aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate community structure with a suite of indicator taxa in both natural and artificial ponds.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">4. The conservation value of artificial ponds in agricultural grasslands should not be underestimated as they had 43% higher aquatic species richness and 33% higher aquatic species abundance than natural ponds in adjacent semi-natural habitats.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>5. Synthesis and applications</i>. We demonstrate that artificial agri-environment scheme ponds created in agricultural grasslands, whilst not direct analogues of natural ponds in adjacent semi-natural habitats, do fulfil a role in preserving high local biodiversity albeit representing a different community of species. Creation of ponds in farmland as well as in adjacent natural habitats could provide a wider range of environmental conditions and richer associated macroinvertebrate communities, increasing landscape connectivity and further enhancing regional biodiversity.</p>
Figure 6. A in Temporal dynamics of invertebrate and aquatic plant communities at three intermittent ponds in livestock grazed Patagonian wetlands
Figure 6. A schematic cross-section of the study wetland (Mallín Crespo) contrasting the condition of the three studied ponds (P1, P2 and P3) during hydrological phases: isolation and connected periods. Distances between ponds, the weather station and sheep are not to scale. Volume (m3) is indicated below each pond. Environment variables are: water temperature (WT), precipitation (PP), pH, specific conductivity (C), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). Invertebrate attributes are: taxa richness (R) density (D), biomass (B) and dominant functional feeding groups (FFG). Dominant taxa in terms of density and frequency are listed over each pond. Bold letters are used for taxa that are also dominants in biomass. For both periods first and second dominant FFG are represented. P, predators; CG, collector–gatherers; and CF, collector–filterers.
Figure 4 in Temporal dynamics of invertebrate and aquatic plant communities at three intermittent ponds in livestock grazed Patagonian wetlands
Figure 4. Seasonal patterns of functional feeding groups (FFG), (A) by density (103 individuals m−3) and (B) by biomass [g DM m−3] at three ponds (May 2008 to April 2009) of Mallín Crespo wetland (Argentina). Sh, shredders; Sc, scrapers; P, predators; CG, collector–gatherers; CF, collector–filterers; P–H, piercers herbivores.
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