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165 results for “baboon”
Female chacma baboons modulate their sexual receptivity in response to male intrasexual competition
<p>Research in social mammals has revealed the complexity of strategies females use in response to female-female reproductive competition and sexual conflict. One point at which competition and conflict manifest acutely is during sexual receptivity, indicated by swellings in some primates. Whether females can adjust their sexual receptivity from cycle to cycle to decrease reproductive competition and sexual conflict in response to social pressures has not been tested. As a first step, this study explores whether sexual receptivity duration is predicted social pressures in wild female chacma baboons (<em>Papio</em> <em>ursinus</em>). Given that female baboons face intense reproductive competition and sexual coercion, we predicted that: females could shorten the duration of their sexual receptive period to reduce female-female aggression and male coercion or increase it to access multiple or their preferred male(s). We quantified 157 ovulatory cycles from 46 wild females living in central Namibia recorded over 15 years. We found no support for our hypothesis; however, our analyses revealed a negative correlation between maximal-swelling duration and group size, a proxy of within-group competition. This study provides further evidence that swelling is costly as well as a testable framework for future investigations of 'cycle length manipulation'.</p>
Egyptian god Thoth as baboon
Thot is the god of the moon, writing, science and magic in Egyptian mythology. It is represented either as a man with the head of an ibis or a baboon, but can also appear entirely in the form of the ibis or as here of the sitting baboon. In the collection of the Egyptian Museum of the University of Bonn. **Inv. no.** Ro22 **Scan** with Artec Leo, postprocessing in Blender and Substance Designer. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Limestone Statue of a Baboon
Culture: [Egyptian](http://n2t.net/ark:/99152/p06c6g353gq) Material: Limestone Dims: H 19.5) Accession No: MG 005 Current Location: [The Hunt Museum](https://www.huntmuseum.com/), [Limerick](https://www.geonames.org/7778675/limerick-city.html). A baboon [carved](http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300047203) from limestone, squats with forearms resting on its knees. A hole in the crown indicates a headdress, a gilded wood sun disc or moon. The smooth face and shoulders indicates the [Later Period]( http://n2t.net/ark:/99152/p03wskd47fw) rather than a New Kingdom hamadryas. The baboon was a manifestation of the god Thoth, a moon deity, who personified divine speech and was a god of writing, mathematics, astronomy and healing. Baboons were common at the animal necropolis in [North Saqqara](https://www.geonames.org/360995/giza.html).[More](https://www.huntmuseum.com/explore/item/92743d4b-02fc-3312-8d44-0adde8912a37/?s%3Dbaboon&pos=1). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Baboon (Moon God Thoth)
Faience baboon, 7th - 6th C BCE, about 16cm / 6 inches tall. From the sculpture's gallery description: "The baboon was usually associated with Thoth, one of the moon gods. This animal has a hole in the crown that once held a lunar disk sitting on top of a crescent moon, an attribute of Thoth. For a 2600-year-old artwork it is in remarkable condition, and though the animal is small in size, its posture and expression command authority." More information about the model here: https://collections.artsmia.org/art/126884/baboon-egypt Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: thyroid hormone concentrations in female baboons: metabolic consequences of living in a highly seasonal environment
<p>How female mammals adapt metabolically in response to environmental variation remains understudied in the wild, because direct measures of metabolic activity are difficult to obtain in wild populations. However, recent advances in the non-invasive measurement of fecal thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3), an important regulator of metabolism, provide an opportunity to understand how female baboons living in the harsh Amboseli ecosystem in southern Kenya adapt to environmental variability and escape strict reproductive seasonality. Specifically, we assessed how a female's activity budget, diet, and concentrations of fecal T3 metabolites (mT3) changed over the course of the year and between years. We then tested which of several environmental variables (season, rainfall, and temperature) and behavioral variables (female activity budget and diet) best predicted mT3 concentrations. Finally, we determined if two important reproductive events – onset of ovarian cycling and conception of an offspring – were preceded by changes in female mT3 concentrations. We found female baboons' mT3 concentrations varied markedly across the year and between years as a function of environmental conditions. Further, changes in a female's behavior and diet only partially mediated the metabolic response to the environment. Finally, mT3 concentrations increased in the weeks prior to menarche and cycling resumption, regardless of the month or season in which cycling started. This pattern indicates that metabolic activation may be an indicator of reproductive readiness in female baboons as their energy balance is restored.</p>
Mentalising mechanisms underly strategic coordination in Guinea baboons (Papio papio)
<p>It remains controversial whether the ability to mentalise is confined to humans. To address this question, Guinea baboons living in a social colony freely came to play a 2-players coordination game with any other baboon, or alone (social vs solo conditions). In fact, in both conditions, they interacted with an identical Artificial Agent. Their choice behaviour depended on the social context and their relative dominance hierarchy. A mentalising computational model accounted for baboons' behaviour better than simpler models without mentalizing components in the social condition while the same baboons used a simpler strategy when they played alone. Together, these findings indicate that computations required for mentalising and used for coordination learning may have evolved in the common ancestor of the Old-World monkey and apes.</p>
Immigrant males' memory acts to reduce ranging overlap and mating competition in wild baboons
<p>Mechanistic models suggest that information acquired by animals ("knowledge") could shape home range patterns and dynamics, and how neighbours share space. In social species this would suggest that immigrants could bring new knowledge into social groups, potentially affecting the dynamics of home range overlap. We tested this "immigrant knowledge hypothesis" in a wild population of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). We used data collected between 2005 and 2013 on two neighbouring troops in Namibia, comprising GPS records of daily ranges, male natal origins, daily females' reproductive status, and a satellite index of vegetation growth. We found that when the ratio of fertile females to adult males in the focal troop increased (i.e. increasing inter-troop mating competition costs for focal troop males), the focal troop tended to overlap less with a neighbouring troop's home range only when the alpha male had immigrated from that neighbouring troop and so was "knowledgeable" about its home range. When the alpha male was "not knowledgeable" the reverse was observed, with troops showing greater overlap, most likely reflecting an influence of fertile females on ranging patterns. Our findings support the immigrant knowledge hypothesis of group ranging behaviour, and suggest that dispersal and spatial memory may sometimes act to increase rather than decrease spatial segregation between groups. Very few previous studies have reported an effect of mating competition on ranging dynamics in social species, perhaps because previous studies did not consider divergent adaptive interest among group members and how they can be solved through collective-decision processes.</p>
Evolutionary determinants of non-seasonal breeding in wild chacma baboons
<p><span>Animal reproductive phenology varies from strongly seasonal to non-seasonal, sometimes among closely related or sympatric species. While the extent of reproductive seasonality is often attributed to environmental seasonality, this fails to explain many cases of non-seasonal breeding in seasonal environments. We investigated the evolutionary determinants of non-seasonal breeding in a wild primate, the chacma baboon (<em>Papio ursinus</em>), living in a seasonal environment with high climatic unpredictability. We tested three hypotheses proposing that non-seasonal breeding has evolved in response to (1) climatic unpredictability, (2) reproductive competition between females favoring birth asynchrony, and (3) individual, rank-dependent variations in optimal reproductive timing. We found strong support for an effect of reproductive asynchrony modulated by rank: (i) birth synchrony is costly to subordinate females, lengthening their interbirth intervals, (ii) females alter their reproductive timings (fertility periods and conceptions) in relation to previous conceptions in the group, and (iii) the reported effect of birth synchrony on interbirth intervals weakens the intensity of reproductive seasonality at the population level. This study emphasizes the importance of sociality in mediating the evolution of reproductive phenology in group-living organisms, a result of broad significance for understanding key demographic parameters driving population responses to increase climatic fluctuations.</span></p>
Troubled waters: Water availability drives human-baboon encounters in a protected, semi-arid landscape
<p>Most animal habitats are affected by humans. While some species tolerate and even benefit from these changes, others suffer. Understanding when and how human-altered landscapes affect animal behavior, health, reproduction, and survival is essential to species management in a human-dominated world. Here we use 27 years of data on human-baboon encounters in a protected, semi-arid ecosystem in Kenya to: (i) identify spatial, environmental, and group-level predictors of baboon encounters with pastoralists; (ii) test whether human-built water sources alter baboon ranging patterns; and (iii) test if human encounters are linked to baboon survival, reproduction, and health. We find that the primary driver of human-baboon encounters is water availability. During dry periods, pastoralists migrate into baboon rangelands, leading to frequent human-baboon encounters, especially near water wells. Further, the baboons shift their ranges to encompass newly built wells and move away from abandoned, dried-up wells. Since 2006, a third of adult baboon deaths were linked to violent encounters with humans or their dogs. Human encounters were also linked to high infant mortality and parasite diversity in females (but this effect could not be disentangled from seasonal confounds). For wild baboons, life in protected, pastoralist conservancies presents a double-edged sword: human-built wells enable the baboons to access water during dry periods, but these wells lead to encounters with humans, which have become a common source of baboon mortality. Together, our results serve as a comprehensive case study of anthropogenic effects on wild primates, highlighting the complex interactions between humans and wildlife in protected areas.</p>
Stone sitting baboon
Item held in the Hellenic and Roman Library at the Institute of Classical Studies in London, bequethed by Victor Ehrenberg. Dated to Hellenistic or Roman Egypt. 11.25 cm in height. ©Alicia Walsh and the Institute of Classical Studies Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Testing frameworks for early life effects: The developmental constraints and adaptive response hypotheses do not explain key fertility outcomes in wild female baboons
<p>In evolutionary ecology, two classes of explanations are frequently invoked to explain "early life effects" on adult outcomes. Developmental constraints (DC) explanations contend that costs of early adversity arise from limitations adversity places on optimal development. Adaptive response (AR) hypotheses propose that later life outcomes will be worse when early and adult environments are poorly "matched." Here, we use recently proposed mathematical definitions for these hypotheses and a quadratic-regression based approach to test the long-term consequences of variation in developmental environments on fertility in wild baboons. We evaluate whether low rainfall and/or dominance rank during development predict three female fertility measures in adulthood, and whether any observed relationships are consistent with DC and/or AR. Neither rainfall during development nor the difference between rainfall in development and adulthood predicted any fertility measures. Females who were low-ranking during development had an elevated risk of losing infants later in life, and greater change in rank between development and adulthood predicted greater risk of infant loss. However, both effects were statistically marginal and consistent with alternative explanations, including adult environmental quality effects. Consequently, our data do not provide compelling support for either of these common explanations for the evolution of early life effects.</p>
B2K template images for neuroimaging in baboon
<p><strong>B2K template images for neuroimaging in baboon</strong><br> <a href="http://purl.org/net/kbmd">Black KJ</a>, Snyder AZ, Koller JM, Gado MH, Perlmutter JS<br> Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO<br> 28 July 2000 (last updated 15 February 2001)<br> <em>please reference this page as </em><a href="http://purl.org/net/kbmd/b2k">purl.org/net/kbmd/b2k</a></p> <p><strong>Brief description</strong><br> The b2k and b2kf images ("b" for baboon, "f" for blood flow) are intended for use as templates for automated 3D image registration algorithms for neuroimaging stidies in baboons. The b2k template is an average (after spatial normalization) of T1-weighted MRI images from 9 normal baboons, and the b2kf template is averaged from 397 [<sup>15</sup>O]water PET images in 7 normal baboons. Coordinates from the 1968 Davis and Huffman photomicrographic atlas of baboon brain can be derived from pixel coordinates in these images according to the conventions described in the attached <strong>appendix.html</strong> file (they are automatically computed by SPM based on the supplied .hdr files). Details of the images' formation and a test of the accuracy of our image registration software when registering MPRAGE and PET blood flow images to these templates appear in <a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.0752">NeuroImage</a>. The GIF files show a quick view of one slice of the template images. Corresponding images are also available for use with <em>Macaca nemestrina</em> (the pig-tailed <a href="http://purl.org/net/kbmd/n2k">macaque</a>) and <em>Macaca fascicularis</em> (<a href="http://purl.org/net/kbmd/cyno/">cynomolgus</a> monkey).</p> <p><strong>Terms of use</strong><br> Cite the following reference in any publications that make use of these images: Black KJ, Snyder AZ, Koller JM, Gado MH, Perlmutter JS: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.0752">Template images for nonhuman primate neuroimaging 1. Baboon</a>. NeuroImage 2001; 14(3):736-743. DOI 10.1006/nimg.2001.0752</p> <p><strong>Download instructions</strong><br> 1) choose desired image format<br> 2) download one of the image files in that row (choose .zip or .tar.gz)<br> 3) the *.txt and/or *.ifh files are in ASCII format and explain image conventions. Highly suggested reading!<br> 4) I would like to know if you find these images useful. Please email me (<a href="mailto:kevin@wustl.edu">kevin@wustl.edu</a>).</p> <p><strong>SPM format</strong> (Neurologic orientation, R on R) <a href="3D"spm/b2k_spm_images.zip"">b2k_spm_images.zip</a> <a href="3D"spm/b2k_spm_images.tar.gz"">b2k_spm_images.tar.gz</a></p> <p><strong>Analyze format = 4dint format</strong> (Radiologic orientation, R on L) <a href="3D"ana/b2k_ana_images.zip"">b2k_ana_images.zip</a> <a href="3D"ana/b2k_ana_images.tar.gz"">b2k_ana_images.tar.gz</a></p> <p><strong>4dfp format</strong> (WUSM NIL internal format) <a href="3D"4dfp/b2k_4dfp_images.zip"">b2k_4dfp_images.zip</a> <a href="3D"4dfp/b2k_4dfp_images.tar.gz"">b2k_4dfp_images.tar.gz</a></p> <p><sup>*</sup>The "tight" mask approximates actual brain and was created by hand from b2k.4dfp.img using Analyze AVW. Its volume is 185 ml (185479 voxels). <em>Note: Bonferroni correction for overall p < 0.05 with 185479 independent tests is p < 2.70 x 10<sup>-7</sup>, corresponding to a Z score of about 5.14 (two tails) or 5.01 (one tail).</em> The loose mask (used for image registration with our local software) was created by dilating the tight mask slightly; its volume is 242 ml (241739 voxels).</p>
Fig. 3 in Severe coenurosis caused by larvae of Taenia serialis in an olive baboon (Papio anubis) in Benin
Fig. 3. Detail of a protoscolex extracted from a cyst.
Data from: Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement
For group-living animals traveling through heterogeneous landscapes, collective movement can be influenced by both habitat structure and social interactions. Yet research in collective behavior has largely neglected habitat influences on movement. Here we integrate simultaneous, high-resolution, tracking of wild baboons within a troop with a 3-dimensional reconstruction of their habitat to identify key drivers of baboon movement. A previously unexplored social influence – baboons' preference for locations that other troop members have recently traversed – is the most important predictor of individual movement decisions. Habitat is shown to influence movement over multiple spatial scales, from long-range attraction and repulsion from the troop's sleeping site, to relatively local influences including road-following and a short-range avoidance of dense vegetation. Scaling to the collective level reveals a clear association between habitat features and the emergent structure of the group, highlighting the importance of habitat heterogeneity in shaping group coordination.
Dataframes for: Postpartum cessation of urban space use by a female baboon living at the edge of the City of Cape Town
<p>Species with slow life history strategies that invest in few offspring with extended parental care need to adapt their behaviour to cope with anthropogenic changes that occur within their lifetime. Here we show that a female chacma baboon (<em>Papio</em> <em>ursinus</em>) who commonly ranges within urban space in the City of Cape Town, South Africa, stops using urban space after giving birth. This change of space use occurs without any significant change in daily distance travelled or social interactions that would be expected with general risk-sensitive behaviour after birth. Instead, we suggest this change occurs because of the specific and greater risks the baboons experience within the urban space compared to natural space, and because leaving the troop (to enter urban space) may increase infanticide risk. This case study can inform methods used to manage the baboon's urban space use in Cape Town and provides insight into how life history events alter individuals' use of anthropogenic environments.</p>
Data from: Multi-scale predictors of parasite risk in wild male savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
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Data from: Testing frameworks for early life effects: The developmental constraints and adaptive response hypotheses do not explain key fertility outcomes in wild female baboons
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Two-point time-series of dental wear scores for baboon mandibular second molars
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Data from: Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement
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Data from: Estimation of energetic condition in wild baboons using fecal thyroid hormone determination
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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