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55 results for “biotype”
Wing plasticity and associated gene expression varies across the pea aphid biotype complex
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No evidence for early fitness penalty in glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza canadensis: common garden experiments in the absence of glyphosate
<p>Strong selection from herbicides has led to the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, greatly complicating weed management efforts worldwide. In particular, overreliance on glyphosate, the active ingredient in RoundUp®, has spurred the evolution of resistance to this herbicide in ≥40 species. Previously, we reported that <i>Conyza canadensis</i> (horseweed) has evolved extreme resistance to glyphosate, surviving at 40x the original 1x effective dosage. Here, we tested for underlying fitness effects of glyphosate resistance to better understand whether resistance could persist indefinitely in this self-pollinating, annual weed. We sampled seeds from a single maternal plant ("biotype") at each of 26 horseweed populations in Iowa, representing 9 susceptible biotypes (S), 8 with low-level resistance (LR), and 9 with extreme resistance (ER). In 2016 and 2017, we compared early growth rates and bolting dates of these biotypes in common garden experiments at two sites near Ames, Iowa. Nested ANOVAs showed that, as a group, ER biotypes attained similar or larger rosette size after 6 weeks compared to S or LR biotypes, which were similar to each other in size. Also, ER biotypes bolted 1-2 weeks earlier than S or LR biotypes. These fitness-related traits also varied among biotypes within the same resistance category, and time to bolting was inversely correlated with rosette size across all biotypes. Disease symptoms affected 40% of all plants in 2016 and 78% in 2017, so we did not attempt to measure lifetime fecundity. In both years, the frequency of disease symptoms was greatest in S biotypes and similar in LR vs. ER biotypes. Overall, our findings indicate there is no early growth penalty and possibly no lifetime fitness penalty associated with glyphosate resistance, including extremely strong resistance. We conclude that glyphosate resistance is likely to persist in horseweed populations, with or without continued selection pressure from exposure to glyphosate.</p>
Data from: Implementing an evolutionary framework for understanding genetic relationships of phenotypically defined insect biotypes in the invasive soybean aphid (Aphis glycines)
Adaptive evolution of pest insects in response to the introduction of resistant cultivars is well documented and commonly results in virulent (i.e. capable of feeding upon resistant cultivars) insect populations being labeled as distinct biotypes. Phenotypically defined, biotypes frequently remain evolutionarily indistinct, resulting in ineffective application of virulence control measures and shorter durability of resistant cultivars. Here we utilize an evolutionary framework to discern the genetic relationship between biotypes of the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines, Matsumura). The soybean aphid is invasive in North America, and is among the most destructive pests of commercial soybean on the continent. Attempts to breed host-plant resistant soybean have been hampered by the emergence of virulent aphid biotypes that are unaffected by the plant's resistance mechanism(s). Comparative population genetic analysis of virulent and avirulent (i.e. unable to feed on resistant cultivars) biotypes found populations to be genetically indistinguishable across biotype and geographic distance, with high rates of inter-population immigration and admixture. The lack of genetic distinction between biotypes coupled with elevated genotypic diversity within all populations suggested virulence has a non-genetic based or includes a gene complex that is widely distributed throughout soybean aphid populations, which undergo regular dispersal and unimpeded sexual recombination.
Data from: Genomic regions repeatedly involved in divergence among plant-specialized pea aphid biotypes
Understanding the genetic bases of biological diversification is a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology. Here we investigate whether replicated cases of adaptive divergence involve the same genomic regions in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, a large complex of genetically differentiated biotypes, each specialized on different species of legumes. A previous study identified genomic regions putatively involved in host-plant adaptation and/or reproductive isolation by performing a hierarchical genome scan in three biotypes. This led to the identification of 11 FST outliers among 390 polymorphic microsatellite markers. In this study, the outlier status of these 11 loci was assessed in eight biotypes specialized on other host plants. Four of the 11 previously identified outliers showed greater genetic differentiation among these additional biotypes than expected under the null hypothesis of neutral evolution (α<0.01). Whether these hotspots of genomic divergence result from adaptive events, intrinsic barriers or reduced recombination is discussed.
FIGURE 3 in Morphometric differentiation of five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran
FIGURE 3. Measurements of the body parts of female Lysiphlebus fabarum used in morphometric analyses (see TABLE 2).
FIGURE 2 in Morphometric differentiation of five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran
FIGURE 2. UPGMA dendrogram of hierarchical cluster analysis based on squared Euclidean distances using average linkage between five studied Lysiphlebus fabarum biotypes.
Digital Biotyping of FSHD Patients and Controls
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04999735. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Ultrasonic vs Radiographic Measurement of Gingival Biotype. A Novel Method
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03735394. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Early Psychosis and The Functional Connectivity Biotypes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04853485. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Data from: Implementing an evolutionary framework for understanding genetic relationships of phenotypically defined insect biotypes in the invasive soybean aphid (Aphis glycines)
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Data from: Genomic regions repeatedly involved in divergence among plant-specialized pea aphid biotypes
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Data from: Transpacific coalescent pathways of coconut rhinoceros beetle biotypes: resistance to biological control catalyzes resurgence of an old pest
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No evidence for early fitness penalty in glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza canadensis: common garden experiments in the absence of glyphosate
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Data from: Shotgun microbiome analysis of two Schizaphis graminum biotypes with time with and without carried cereal yellow dwarf virus
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FIGURE 1 in Morphometric differentiation of five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran
FIGURE 1. Plot of five Lysiphlebus fabarum biotypes on the first two canonical axes.
Association of specific biotypes in patients with Parkinson's disease and disease progression
<p><span><b>Objective </b></span></p> <p><span>To identify biotypes in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients and test whether these biotypes could explain inter-individual differences in longitudinal progression. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methods</b></span></p> <p><span>In this longitudinal analysis, we use a data-driven approach clustering PD patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) (n = 314, age = 61.0 ± 9.5, 34.1% female, 5 years follow-up). Voxel-level neuroanatomical features were estimated using deformation-based morphometry (DBM) of T1-weighted MRI. Voxels whose deformation values were significantly correlated (<i>P</i> < 0.01) with clinical scores (MDS-UPDRS-Parts I-III, MDS-UPDRS-total, tremor score, and postural instability and gait difficulty score) at baseline were selected. Then, these neuroanatomical features were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis. Changes in the longitudinal progression and neuroanatomical pattern were compared between different biotypes. </span></p> <p><span><b>Results</b></span></p> <p><span>Two neuroanatomical biotypes were identified: (i) biotype 1 (n = 114) with subcortical brain volume as smaller than heathy controls; (ii) biotype 2 (n = 200) with subcortical brain volumes larger than heathy controls. Biotype 1 had more severe motor impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and very much worse REM sleep behavior disorder than biotype 2 at baseline. Although disease duration at initial visit and follow-up were similar between biotypes, PD patients with smaller subcortical brain volume had poorer prognosis, with more rapid decline in several clinical domains and in dopamine functional neuroimaging over an average of five years. </span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusion</b></span></p> <p><span>Robust neuroanatomical biotypes exist in PD with distinct clinical and neuroanatomical pattern. These biotypes can be detected at diagnosis, and predict the course of longitudinal progression, which should benefit trial design and evaluation.</span></p>
The Effect of Different Gingival Biotypes on Dimensional Stability of Free Gingival Graft
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03616197. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 3.
Data from: Analysis of gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions offers insights into sex-bias, gene biotypes and co-expression patterns
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Association of specific biotypes in patients with Parkinson's disease and disease progression
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Vibrio cholerae: Wild type El Tor biotype versus crp mutant
GEO Series GSE7519. Vibrio cholerae. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.