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45 results for “bird coloration”
Data for: Heritability and parental effects in telomere length in a color polymorphic long-lived bird
<p>Telomere length, an indicator of senescence, has been shown to be heritable but can also be affected by environmental factors, like parental effects. Investigating heritability as well as parental effects and rearing environment can help us to understand the factors affecting offspring telomeres. Moreover, how phenotypic parental traits linked with fitness can impact offspring telomere length is still unclear. A phenotypic marker closely associated with physiological traits and fitness is melanin-based color polymorphism, which in tawny owl (<em>Strix aluco</em>) is highly heritable and strongly associated with adult telomere shortening and survival. We studied narrow-sense heritability (h<sup>2</sup>) of telomere length (RTL), as well as the impact of parental age and color morph and their interaction on offspring telomere length. Offspring RTL at fledging was strongly positively correlated with both mother and father RTL at breeding. Offspring RTL was also negatively associated with father age, suggesting that older fathers sired offspring with shorter telomeres. Parental color morph did not explain offspring telomere length and there were no interactive effects of parental morph and age, despite previously documented morph-specific senescence patterns. Our results suggest that telomere length is highly heritable and affected by paternal age, but not related to color polymorphism. This suggests that either morph-specific telomere shortening as adult does not result in significantly shorter telomeres in their gametes, or that parents compensate morph-specific senescence via parental care. Morph-specific patterns of telomere dynamics in polymorphic species may thus emerge from different life-history strategies adopted in adulthood.</p>
Dinosaur egg with bumpy shell, on right, with a collection of colorful bird eggs. The dark area on the left side of the dinosaur egg was likely blue in color. Photograph: Jasmina Wiemann. in The Evolution of Natural History Collections
Dinosaur egg with bumpy shell, on right, with a collection of colorful bird eggs. The dark area on the left side of the dinosaur egg was likely blue in color. Photograph: Jasmina Wiemann.
Data for: Heritability and parental effects in telomere length in a color polymorphic long-lived bird
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Data from: High-density lipoprotein receptor SCARB1 is required for carotenoid coloration in birds
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Data from: Bird predation selects for wing shape and coloration in a damselfly
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Data from: The hawk-dove game in a sexually reproducing species explains a colorful polymorphism of an endangered bird
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Data from: Gray plumage color is more cryptic than brown in snowy landscapes in a resident color polymorphic bird
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Data from: A reliable technique to quantify the individual variability of iridescent coloration in birds
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Data from: Carotenoid coloration is related to fat digestion efficiency in a wild bird
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Data from: Poison frog colors are honest signals of toxicity, particularly for bird predators
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Opposite latitudinal patterns for bird and arthropod predation revealed in the experiments with differently colored artificial prey
<p>The strength of biotic interactions is generally thought to increase towards the equator, but support for this hypothesis is contradictory. We explored whether predator attacks on artificial prey of eight different colours vary among climates and whether this variation affects the detection of latitudinal patterns in predation. The data set provides number of damage marks on each of 1320 plasticine caterpillars of eight different colours, which were attached to branches of woody plants and exposed from 10 to 118 days in 11 localities across the globe. During each record, all marks found on model caterpillars were attributed to a certain group of predators (birds, arthropods, mammals and other predators), and marks of each type were counted. The models that had damage marks were remoulded or replaced if the damage was severe. These data contribute to our understanding of macroecological patterns in biotic interactions.</p>
Fruit syndromes in Viburnum: correlated evolution of color, nutritional content, and morphology in bird-dispersed fleshy fruits
<p>Premise</p> <p>A key question in plant dispersal via animal vectors is where and why fruit colors vary between species and how color relates to other fruit traits. To better understand the factors shaping the evolution of fruit color diversity, we tested for the existence of syndromes of traits (color, morphology, and nutrition) in the fruits of Viburnum. We placed these results in a larger phylogenetic context and reconstructed ancestral states to assess how Viburnum fruit traits have evolved across the clade.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We find that blue Viburnum fruits are not very juicy, have high lipid content, and large, round endocarps surrounded by a small quantity of pulp. Red fruits display the opposite suite of traits: they are very juicy with low lipid content and smaller, flatter endocarps. The ancestral Viburnum fruit may have gone through a sequence of color changes before maturation (green to yellow to red to black), though our reconstructions are equivocal. In one major clade of Viburnum (Nectarotinus), fruits mature synchronously with reduced intermediate color stages. Most transitions between fruit colors occurred in this synchronously fruiting clade.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It is widely accepted that fruit trait diversity has primarily been driven by the differing perceptual abilities of bird versus mammal frugivores. Yet within a clade of largely bird-dispersed fruits, we find clear correlations between color, morphology, and nutrition. These correlations are likely driven by a shift from sequential to synchronous development, followed by diversification in color, nutrition, and morphology. A deeper understanding of fruit evolution within clades will elucidate the degree to which such syndromes structure extant fruit diversity.</p>
Cassowary gloss and a novel form of structural color in birds
<p>One of the two lineages of extant birds resulting from its deepest split, Palaeognathae, has been reported not to exhibit structural coloration in feathers, affecting inferences of ancestral coloration mechanisms in extant birds. Structural coloration in facial skin and eggshells have been shown in the lineage, but not feathers. Here, we report the first evidence for two distinct mechanisms of structural color in palaeognath feathers. One extinct volant clade, Lithornithidae, shows evidence of elongate melanin-containing organelles uniquely associated with glossy/iridescent color. This mechanism of structural color is present in fossil outgroups and neognath birds. Second, we demonstrate a structural basis of exceptional gloss in extant cassowary feathers. Gloss is proposed to be an intermediate phenotype between matte and iridescent plumage, conferred by a thick and smooth feather rachis. Rachis-based structural color has not been previously investigated. The new data inform relationships between avian melanin-based coloration and feather structure.</p>
Data from: Genetic basis for red coloration in birds
The yellow and red feather pigmentation of many bird species [1] plays pivotal roles in social signaling and mate choice [2, 3]. To produce red pigments, birds ingest yellow carotenoids and endogenously convert them into red ketocarotenoids via an oxidation reaction catalyzed by a previously unknown ketolase [4–6]. We investigated the genetic basis for red coloration in birds using whole-genome sequencing of red siskins (Spinus cucullata), common canaries (Serinus canaria), and ''red factor'' canaries, which are the hybrid product of crossing red siskins with common canaries [7]. We identified two genomic regions introgressed from red siskins into red factor canaries that are required for red coloration. One of these regions contains a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP2J19. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates that CYP2J19 is significantly upregulated in the skin and liver of red factor canaries, strongly implicating CYP2J19 as the ketolase that mediates red coloration in birds. Interestingly, a second introgressed region required for red feathers resides within the epidermal differentiation complex, a cluster of genes involved in development of the integument. Lastly, we present evidence that CYP2J19 is involved in ketocarotenoid formation in the retina. The discovery of the carotenoid ketolase has important implications for understanding sensory function and signaling mediated by carotenoid pigmentation.
Data from: Modular color evolution facilitated by a complex nanostructure in birds
The way in which a complex trait varies, and thus evolves, is critically affected by the independence, or modularity, of its subunits. How modular designs facilitate phenotypic diversification is well studied in non-ornamental (e.g., cichlid jaws), but not ornamental traits. Diverse feather colors in birds are produced by light absorption by pigments and/or light scattering by nanostructures. Such structural colors are deterministically related to the nanostructures that produce them and are therefore excellent systems to study modularity and diversity of ornamental traits. Elucidating if and how these nanostructures facilitate color diversity relies on understanding how nanostructural traits covary, and how these traits map to color. Both of these remain unknown in an evolutionary context. Most dabbling ducks (Anatidae) have a conspicuous wing patch with iridescent color caused by a two-dimensional photonic crystal of small (100–200 nm) melanosomes. Here, we ask how this complex nanostructure affects modularity of color attributes. Using a combination of electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, and comparative methods, we show that nanostructural complexity causes functional decoupling and enables independent evolution of different color traits. These results demonstrate that color diversity is facilitated by how nanostructures function and may explain why some birds are more color-diverse than others.
Data from: Shedding light on bird egg color: pigment as parasol and the dark car effect
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Data from: Modular color evolution facilitated by a complex nanostructure in birds
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Data from: Color patterns of closely-related bird species are more divergent at intermediate levels of breeding range sympatry
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Cassowary gloss and a novel form of structural color in birds
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Fruit syndromes in Viburnum: correlated evolution of color, nutritional content, and morphology in bird-dispersed fleshy fruits
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.