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Data from: Microsatellite length variation in candidate genes correlates with habitat in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata
The genetic basis and evolutionary implications of local adaptation in high gene flow marine organisms are still poorly understood. In several Mediterranean fish species, alternative migration patterns exist between individuals entering coastal lagoons that offer favorable conditions for growth and those staying in the sea where environmental conditions are less subject to rapid and stressful change. Whether these coexisting strategies are phenotypically plastic or include a role for local adaptation through differential survival needs to be determined. Here, we explore the genetic basis of alternate habitat use in western Mediterranean populations of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Samples from lagoonal and open sea habitats were typed for 3 candidate gene microsatellite loci, 7 anonymous microsatellites and 44 AFLP markers to test for genotype-environment associations. While anonymous markers globally indicated high levels of gene flow across geographic locations and habitats, non-neutral differentiation patterns correlated with habitat type were found at two candidate microsatellite loci located in the promoter region of the Growth hormone and Prolactin genes. Further analysis of these two genes revealed that a mechanism based on habitat choice alone could not explain the distribution of genotype frequencies at a regional scale, thus implying a role for differential survival between habitats. We also found an association between allele size and habitat type, which, in the light of previous studies, suggests that polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region could influence gene expression by modulating transcription factor binding, thus providing a potential explanatory link between genotype and growth phenotype in nature.
FIGURE 1 in An annotated list of fish parasites (Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected from Emperors and Emperor Bream (Lethrinidae) in New Caledonia further highlights parasite biodiversity estimates on coral reef fish
FIGURE 1. Species of Hatschekia collected from lethrinid hosts, all drawn to same scale. A. Hatschekia gracilis Yamaguti, 1954; B. Hatschekia new species 12; C. Hatschekia cf. elegans Kabata, 1991; D. Hatschekia new species 16; E. Hatschekia new species 13; F. Hatschekia new species 14, G. Hatschekia new species 15.
FIGURES 1–4. Neolebouria capoori n in A new species of Neolebouria Gibson, 1976 (Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae) from the whitecheek monocle bream, Scolopsis vosmeri (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), from the Panjim coast at Goa, with a checklist of parasites previously reported from this fish
FIGURES 1–4. Neolebouria capoori n. sp. from the whitecheek monocle bream, Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae). 1. Ventral view of fully mature adult. 2. Composite drawing of cirrus sac and seminal vesicle with the distal end of uterus and metraterm showing the location of the genital pore, ventral view. 3. Egg showing the boss. 4. Composite drawing of the female genital complex, ventral view. Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; B, boss; C, cecum; E, excretory vesicle; ES, esophagus; GP, genital pore; L, Laurer's canal; O, oötype; OD, oviduct; OS, oral sucker; OV, ovary; P, pharynx; PT, posterior testis; S, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; U, uterus; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker.
FIGURE 11 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 11. Rank frequency of cases of Polyparasitism between myxozoans infecting S. salpa from Gulf of Tunis, with Biparasitism cases: (I) C. herouardi-C. pallida, (II) C. arcuata-C. sp.2, (III) C. herouardi-C. sp. 2. Triparasitism cases: (I) C. herouardi-C. pallida-C. sp. 2 (II) C. herouardi-C. pallida-Henneguya sp. From Bay of Bizerte, Biparasitism cases: (I) C. herouardi-C. pallida, (II) C. sp. 3-Henneguya. sp.
FIGURE 9 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 9. Prevalence of species of myxozoans from 2 localities, Gulf of Tunis and Bay of Bizerte. The total prevalence determined within the pooled sample of 330 goldline sea bream (Sarpa salpa).
FIGURE 7 G–K in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 7 G–K. Photomicrographs of Henneguya sp. from the mesentery of Sarpa salpa. (G–I) Fresh mature spores in different views: G, Frontal view; H, semi-lateral view; I, sutural view. (J–K) Matures spores stained with Giemsa: J, frontal view and the arrows showing the fine threads extending from the end of the caudal appendages (ca); K, sutural view two filiform caudal projections separated from the posterior of spore (*). Scale bar = 10 µm in G–K.
FIGURE 7 A–F in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 7 A–F. Photomicrographs of Henneguya sp. from the mesentery of Sarpa salpa. (A) Mesentery infected with large whitish Cysts (C) in different size (development asynchronous), located between the mesenteric vessels. (B) Fresh smear contains mature (ms) and immature spores (is). (C–E) Fresh mature spores in side view presented the sutural markings (sm). (F) Fresh mature spore presented the pyriform polar capsules (pc), two Capsulogenic nuclei (cn), the binucleate sporoplasm (sn), the suture rim (sr) and the fine distal portion of the caudal appendages (ca) wrapping around the thicker part. Scale bar = 1mm in A; 20 µm in B; 10 µm in C–F.
FIGURE 6 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 6. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa sp. 3 from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A–B) Live disporic plasmodia (P). (C–E) Fresh mature spores (ms) in sutural view showing clearly the distinct spherical polar capsules (pc), the straight suture line (sl) and the distribution and the edge of the sporoplasm into the spore cavity in both sides (*). (F) Mature spore in apical view. Scale bar = 10µm.
FIGURE 5 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa sp. 2 from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A–B) Live multinucleate trophozoites (T) with different size floating in the bile with their long pseudopodia that extended fromall it periphery (Ps). (C) Round multinucleate trophozoite (T) with short pseudopodia (Ps), notice a monosporic plasmodium (P) contained one spore in apical view. (D–E) Live monosporic plasmodia with very granular endoplasm. The arrows show the twist of the shell valves. (F) Mature spore which the twisted shell valves (tsv) started to extend. (G) Fresh mature spore in lateral view. (H) Fresh mature spore in sutural view, showing the distinct pyriform polar capsules (pc) and the straight suture line (sl). Scale bar = 20µm in A–C; 10µm in D–H.
FIGURE 4 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa sp. 1 from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A) Fresh plasmodia (P) attached to each other with their pseudopodia. (B) Fresh disporic plasmodium (DP). (C–E) Fresh monosporous plasmodia (MP) with variety of size presented each one, a unique spore. (F) Fresh smear of mature spores with two convergent spherical polar capsules (pc) and straight suture line (sl), notice that the shell valves were twisted with the basal plane forming an angle α. (G) Mature spore in lateral view contained two valves which one wrapped to itself (wv). (H) Atypical spores with three polar capsules and three shell valves. Scale bar = 10µm.
FIGURE 3 G–N in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 3 G–N. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa herouardi from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (G) Fresh smear of heavy infested bile with sporogonic stages and mature spores. (H) Plasmodium (P) of premature spores showing the sporoplasm nuclei (sn). (I) Mature spore in sutural view showing the sub-spherical polar capsules (pc). (J) Mature spore in lateral view. (K) Mature spore in apical view. (L) Atypical spore with three polar capsules and three shell valves. (M–N) Different view of mature spores stained with Giemsa showing the distinct polar capsule (pc) and the suture line (sl). M, sutural view; N, apical view. Scale bar = 40 µm in G; 10µm in H-N.
FIGURE 8 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 8. Line drawing of Myxozoan species infecting the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa from the North coast of Tunisia. (A) Ceratomyxa arcuata Thélohan, 1892; (B) Ceratomyxa pallida Thélohan, 1895; (C) Ceratomyxa herouardi Georgévitch, 1916; (D) Ceratomyxa sp. 1; (E) Ceratomyxa sp. 2; (F) Ceratomyxa sp. 3; (G) Henneguya sp. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 A–F in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 3 A–F. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa herouardi from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A) Round trophozoite (RT) attached to other polymorphous, notice the presence of inner generative cells and long filopodia (F). (B) Fresh smear of infested bile with the presence of elongated trophozoites (ET) contained pseudoplasmodi (pp), disporic plasmodia (P) and mature spores (ms). (C) Big rounded polysporic trophozoïtes (RT) contained several pseudoplasmodia (pp). (D) Part of trophozoite showing in Fig. C, presented the pseudoplasmodia (pp) and disporic plasmodia (P) containing immature spores (is). (E–F) Subspherical and pyriform trophozoites (PT) unequal in size attached to each other with formation of roundish disporic plasmodia (P) according to mechanism of endogenous or exogenous budding, notice of a disporic plasmodium of atypical spores (P*) in F. Scale bar = 50 µm in A–C; 20µm in D–F;
FIGURE 2 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa pallida from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A) Spherical trophozoïtes (T) in different size attached to each other in massive groups. (B) Spherical trophozoïte with numerous inner generative cells (gc). (C–D) monosporic plasmodia (p) with fine granular protoplasm, notice the presence of filopodia (f) at the amoeboid plasmodium. (E) Fresh mature spores in sutural view presenting the polar capsules (pc) and sporoplasm nuclei (sn). (F) Fresh mature spore in lateral view. (G) Fresh mature spore in apical view. (H) Mature spore stained with Giemsa showing the distinct spherical polar capsule with visible suture line. Scale bar = 20 µm in A,C–D; 10 µm in B,E–H.
FIGURE 1 in New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia
FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of Ceratomyxa arcuata from the gall bladder of Sarpa salpa. (A) Post mature disporic plasmodium with the rest of the pansporoblast cavity (P). (B–C) Fresh smear of mature spores. (D–F) Mature spores in sutural view showing the polar capsules (pc) and the suture line (sl). (G) Mature spore in lateral view exposed well the sporoplasm nuclei (sn). (E) Mature spore in apical view. Scale bar = 10 Μm.
FIGURE 11 in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis
FIGURE 11. Posterior margin of preopercle. A: Scolopsis vosmeri, NTM S.14230-001, 140 mm SL, Sandakan. Sabah, Malaysia; B: Scolopsis japonica, WAM P.31312-002, 127.7 mm SL, Bintan Island, Indonesia; C: Scolopsis curite, NTM S.13160-013, 132.2 mm SL, Chilaw, Sri Lanka; arrow showing more rugose margin of latter. Photos by B.C. Russell.
FIGURE 12 in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis
FIGURE 12. Maximum likelihood tree for species of Scolopsis based on publicly available partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene plus COI sequences generated in this study. Branch labels are bootstrap support values in percent obtained from 1.000 replicated analyses. Bar indicates the average number of nucleotide substitutions.
FIGURE 10. Scolopsis curite. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis
FIGURE 10. Scolopsis curite. A: 'Kurite' of Russell (1803: pl. 106); B: Scolopsis kurite from Rüppell (1828: pl. 2, fig. 3); C: Neotype of Scolopsis curite, ZSI/ANRC M/23687, 122.3 mm SL, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India, photo by B.C. Russell.
FIGURE 9. Scolopsis curite, fresh specimens. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis
FIGURE 9. Scolopsis curite, fresh specimens. A: SMF 34242 [KAU14-526], 115 mm SL, Jizan, Saudi Arabia; B: MUFS 33734, 120 mm SL, Oman. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky (A), Y. Iwatsuki (B).
FIGURE 5 in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis
FIGURE 5. Scolopsis japonica, KAUM–I.52620, 111.8 mm SL, Panay I., Philippines. Photo by K. Fujiwara.
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