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36 results for “brood care”
Data from: Pupal cocoons affect sanitary brood care and limit fungal infections in ant colonies
Background: The brood of ants and other social insects is highly susceptible to pathogens, particularly those that penetrate the soft larval and pupal cuticle. We here test whether the presence of a pupal cocoon, which occurs in some ant species but not in others, affects the sanitary brood care and fungal infection patterns after exposure to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum. We use a) a comparative approach analysing four species with either naked or cocooned pupae and b) a within-species analysis of a single ant species, in which both pupal types co-exist in the same colony. Results: We found that the presence of a cocoon did not compromise fungal pathogen detection by the ants and that species with cocooned pupae increased brood grooming after pathogen exposure. All tested ant species further removed brood from their nests, which was predominantly expressed towards larvae and naked pupae treated with the live fungal pathogen. In contrast, cocooned pupae exposed to live fungus were not removed at higher rates than cocooned pupae exposed to dead fungus or a sham control. Consistent with this, exposure to the live fungus caused high numbers of infections and fungal outgrowth in larvae and naked pupae, but not in cocooned pupae. Moreover, the ants consistently removed the brood prior to fungal outgrowth, ensuring a clean brood chamber. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the pupal cocoon has a protective effect against fungal infection, causing an adaptive change in sanitary behaviours by the ants. It further demonstrates that brood removal - originally described for honeybees as "hygienic behaviour" – is a widespread sanitary behaviour in ants, which likely has important implications on disease dynamics in social insect colonies.
Data in support of Patterns of parental care and movement in divided broods of Golden-winged Warblers
<p>This dataset contains observations of parental care and movement for divided broods of Golden-winged Warblers tracked from fledging until indpendence at three sites in Minnesota and Manitoba. Movement data consists of minimum daily distance (i.e., the linear distance between daily locations) and daily change in azimuth (i.e., the daily change in direction traveled relative to the previous day). Parental care data includes, parental attendance, provisioning rate, unattended begging rate (i.e., fledgling begging without a parent present), and total begging rate. We also include spatial data in the form of distance between sub-broods and within sub-broods. These data can be used to replicate the findings of the publication "Patterns of Parental Care and Movement in Divided Broods of Golden-winged Warblers", published in the Journal of Avian Biology. Detailed methodology may be found in that manuscript.</p>
Data in support of Patterns of parental care and movement in divided broods of Golden-winged Warblers
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Data from: Offspring dynamics affect food provisioning, growth and mortality in a brood-caring spider
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Data from: Increased grooming after repeated brood care provides sanitary benefits in a clonal ant
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Data from: Pupal cocoons affect sanitary brood care and limit fungal infections in ant colonies
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Data from: Flexible parents: joint effects of handicapping and brood size manipulation on female parental care in Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: Phenotypic correlation between queen and worker brood care supports the role of maternal care in the evolution of eusociality
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Data from: Understanding the loss of maternal care in avian brood parasites using preoptic area transcriptome comparisons in brood parasitic and non-parasitic blackbirds
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Fig.13 in Study on behavioural ecology of Ditomus calydonius Rossi, 1790 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Ditomina), a strictly granivorous ground beetle with brood care
Fig.13. Distribution in the year of Ditomus population activity (dotted line) compared with the phenogram of thevegetative phases of Daucus carota. Рис.13. ГодоваЯ динамика активности D. calydonius (пунктирнаЯ линиЯ) сопрЯжённаЯ с фенограммой вегетативных фаЗ Daucus carota.
Fig. 9. Daily activity rhythm observed during two nights, August 20–21 and September 25–26 in Study on behavioural ecology of Ditomus calydonius Rossi, 1790 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Ditomina), a strictly granivorous ground beetle with brood care
Fig. 9. Daily activity rhythm observed during two nights, August 20–21 and September 25–26, by visually inspecting the umbels every hour (all zones of the study area). Рис. 9. СуточнаЯ активность D. calydonius, наблюдаемаЯ в течение двух ночей 20–21 августа и 25–26 сентЯбрЯ, по реЗультатам виЗуального осмотра Зонтиков Daucus череЗ каждый час (даные длЯ всех исследованных Зон).
Fig. 1 in Study on behavioural ecology of Ditomus calydonius Rossi, 1790 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Ditomina), a strictly granivorous ground beetle with brood care
Fig. 1. Male (left) and female (right) of D. calydonius, dark coloured sexually mature adults. Note the outstanding sexual dimorphism. Рис. 1. Самец (слева) и самка (справа) D. calydonius, половоЗрелые вЗрослые особи тёмного цвета (обратите внимание на выраженный половой диморфиЗм).
Fig. 10 in Study on behavioural ecology of Ditomus calydonius Rossi, 1790 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Ditomina), a strictly granivorous ground beetle with brood care
Fig. 10. Intrahabitat migration. Recordings of individuals in the four zones of the study area. Zone C was at the top of the slope, zone O 20 m height below, not far from the bottom of the valley. Рис. 10. МиграциЯ особей D. calydonius в пределах одного биотопа между четырьмЯ исследованными Зонами (Зона C — на верШине склона, Зона O — на 20 м ниже, недалеко от дна долины).
Fig. 2 in Study on behavioural ecology of Ditomus calydonius Rossi, 1790 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Ditomina), a strictly granivorous ground beetle with brood care
Fig. 2. Climatogram of the study area around Cosenza plotted against the Ditomus phenogram obtained 1989/90 by pitfall trapping and the gonadal status of the 13 captured individuals (columns). The precipitation data (monthly medium values) have been found in Ciancio [1971]. Рис. 2. Климатограмма района исследований в окрестностЯх КоЗенца, сопрЯжённаЯ с фенограммой D. calydonius, постоенной на основании репродуктивного статуса 13 особей, отловленных почвенными ловуШками в 1989/90 гг. СреднемесЯчные ЗначениЯ осадков даны по Ciancio [1971].
Parental care amplifies effects of altered brood size on offspring production
<p>Recruitment is usually negatively density-dependent in relation to number of offspring produced. However, parental care can alter the pattern, as behaviours that maximise individual fitness are not necessarily beneficial at the population level. We show that in the threespine stickleback, the quality of male parental care is positively density-dependent in relation to number of eggs within a nest, which reverses negative density-dependent egg survival. This is because males invest more in larger broods, while favouring future reproductive opportunities when broods are small. Thus, positively density-dependent parental investment amplifies changes in offspring production when males receive more or less eggs than expected. Notable, parental care investment is mal-adaptive at the individual level when the number of eggs received decreases. Given that female fecundity is changing in many environments because of human disturbances, the results indicate that parental care can contribute to alter population dynamics. At a broader level, the study exemplifies how behaviours that have evolved to maximise individual fitness under pristine condition can become mal-adaptive under disturbed conditions and influence both individual fitness and population processes. Considering that human activities are rapidly transforming environments, such mal-adaptive behavioural responses could be common and magnify negative effects of human activities on populations.</p>
Sub-lethal but potentially devastating – The novel insecticide flupyradifurone impairs collective brood care in bumblebees
<p>The worldwide decline in pollinating insects is alarming. One of the main anthropogenic drivers is the massive use of pesticides in agriculture. Risk assessment procedures test pesticides for mortality rates of well-fed, parasite-free individuals of a few non-target species. Sublethal and synergistic effects of co-occurring stressors are usually not addressed. Here, we present a simple, high-throughput bio-essay to assess such effects. Using brood thermoregulation in bumblebee microcolonies as readout, we investigate how this collective ability is affected by long-term feeding exposure to the herbicide glyphosate (5 mg/l), the insecticide flupyradifurone (0.4 mg/l) and the combination of both, when co-occurring with the natural stressor resource limitation compared. Documenting brood temperature and development in 53 microcolonies, we find no significant effect of glyphosate, while flupyradifurone significantly impaired the collective ability to maintain the necessary brood temperatures, resulting in prolonged developmental times and a decrease in colony growth by over fifty percent. This reduction in colony growth has the potential to significantly curtail reproductive chances of colonies in the field. Our findings highlight the potentially alarming consequences of flupyradifurone use in agriculture even at sub-lethal doses and underline the urgent need for improved risk assessment procedures.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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