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1,826 results for “burns”
Global GFED-based monthly burned area time series (1996-2016) at 1 km and ESA CCI MODIS-based long-term monthly P90 burned area occurrence at 500 m
<p>Contains two separate datasets:</p> <ol> <li>Global <a href="https://www.globalfiredata.org/data.html">GFED-based monthly burned area</a> (in ha) <a href="https://youtu.be/kBJcP8mL2Qs">time series (1996-2016)</a> at 1 km (downscaled using cubic-splines from 25 km);</li> <li>Global burned area long term (2000-2012) P90 (quantile probability = 0.9) based on the <a href="http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/index.php">ESA CCI burned area accumulated weekly product</a>;</li> </ol> <p>Original GFED monthly data is provided as HDF4 files (ftp.fuoco.geog.umd.edu/data/GFED/GFED4). Dataset is described in detail in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20042">Giglio et al. (2013)</a>. Processing steps are available <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/tree/master/input_layers/GFED"><strong>here</strong></a>. Antarctica is not included.</p> <p>To access and visualize global datasets use: <a href="https://openlandmap.org"><strong>https://openlandmap.org</strong></a> or watch <a href="https://youtu.be/kBJcP8mL2Qs"><strong>this video</strong></a>.</p> <p>If you discover a bug, artifact or inconsistency in the maps, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p> <ul> <li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/issues">https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/issues</a> </li> </ul> <p>All files provided as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs / internally compressed using "COMPRESS=DEFLATE" creation option in GDAL. File naming convention:</p> <ul> <li>nhz = theme: natural hazards,</li> <li>monthly.burned.ha = variable: estimated monthly burned area in ha,</li> <li>gfed = data source GFED data,</li> <li>m = mean value,</li> <li>1km = spatial resolution / block support: 1 km,</li> <li>s0..0cm = vertical reference: land surface,</li> <li>2000.02 = time reference aggregated: month Feb of year 2000,</li> <li>v4 = version number: GFEDv4,</li> </ul>
Burned Area Maps based on MODIS Surface Reflectance
<p>Burned area (BA) was classified using in-house algorithms, described in detail by Woźniak and Aleksandrowicz (2019). This method utilizes images acquired before and after fire events. All MODIS surface reflectance products MOD09A1 (tiles 24_03 and 25_03) for the period 2002 – 2021 were investigated. Since the study area is obscured by clouds or covered with snow for most of the year, only images from the time window that maximized the number of available frames across most years were selected. Hence, only images acquired between the 145th and 241st day of each year (corresponding to the spring-summer period) were retained for further processing. </p>
Expedited Modeling of Burn Events Results (EMBER) Data Files
<p>This dataset includes photochemical air quality modeling files for simulations of fire impacts on ground-level ozone cocnentrations in the U.S. during the summer of 2023. A data dictionary describes what is included in the each of the files. Detailed information on the model simulations and the file contents is included in a journal article documenting the dataset: Simon, H., Beidler, J., Baker, K.R., Henderson, B.H., Fox, L., Misenis, C., Campbell, P., Vukovich, J. Possiel, N., Eyth, E. Expediated Modeling of Burn Events Results (EMBER): A Screening-Level Dataset of 2023 Ozone Fire Impacts in the US, <em>Data in Brief</em>, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111208</p> <p>A web-based tool for browsing this dataset is also available at: https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-analysis/expedited-modeling-burn-events-results-ember</p>
PALEODEM/ What burned the forest? Wildfires, climate change and human activity during the Mesolithic – Neolithic transition in SE Iberian Peninsula
<p>This repository contains new XRD data from the Villena paleolake, archaeological radiocarbon evidence from the Villena area and the R code used to produce Summed Probability distribution analyses. </p> <p>They correspond to the following reference: </p> <p>Sánchez-García, C., Revelles, J., Burjachs, F., Euba, I., Expósito, I., Ibáñez, J., Schulte, L., Fernández-López de Pablo, J. What burned the forest? Wildfires, climate change and human activity during the Mesolithic – Neolithic transition in SE Iberian Peninsula (submitted to Catena). </p> <p>We specify the content of file further down:</p> <ul> <li>Vinalopo.csv: the list of radiocarbon dates from Villena spanning ca.9500-5500 cal BP from the following sites: Arenal de la Virgen, Cueva del Lagrimal and Casa Corona. </li> <li>ngrip.csv: NGRIP GICC05 paleotemperature record based on oxygen isotope series from Rasmussen SO <em>et al.</em>2006 A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination. <em>J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.</em><strong>111</strong>. (doi:10.1029/2005JD006079) and Andersen KK <em>et al.</em>2006 The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15–42ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale. <em>Quat. Sci. Rev.</em>25, 3246–3257.</li> <li>Char.csv: Sedimentary charcoal data set from the Villena Paleolake (VL3 core) published by Jones, S.E., Burjachs, F., Fernández-López de Pablo (2018) DOI/10.5281/zenodo.1244003, according to the new Bacon chronological model of the Villena paleolake (Fernández-López de Pablo et al., 2022 . Impacts of Early Holocene environmental dynamics on open-air occupation patterns in the Western Mediterranean: insights from El Arenal de la Virgen (Alicante, Spain). <a href="https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/5yqsr">https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/5yqsr</a>)</li> <li>SPD_analysis.R: R script with the code to reproduce the SPD analysis presented in the manuscript. </li> <li>SupplMat1xlsl: an excel file This file is composed by 8 spreadsheets:</li> </ul> <ol> <li>‘Selected variables 12.6-5.5’: all the data included in the time frame 12600-5500 cal BP, interpolated to 50 yr time windows. These data have been used for the Spearmans’rs correlation analysis (see spreadsheet ‘Spearmans’rs 12.6-5.5’ to track the results), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (see spreadsheet ‘Figure 5_DCA 12.6-5.5’ to track the results) and have been plotted in Figure 3 and 7. </li> <li>'Selected variables 9.1-5.5’: data included in the analysis focused on the time period 9.1-5.5 cal BP, interpolated to 50 yr time windows. These data have been used for the Spearmans’rs correlation analysis (see spreadsheet ‘Spearmans’rs 9.1-5.5’ to track the results), Detrended Correspondence Analysis (see spreadsheet ‘Figure 6_DCA 9.1-5.5’ to track the results) and have been plotted in Figure 8.</li> <li>‘Spearmans’rs 12.6-5.5’: Spearmans’rs correlation analysis applied to the 12600-5500 cal BP dataset (data from ‘Selected variables 12.6-5.5’).</li> <li>‘Spearmans’rs 9.1-5.5 cal BP’ Spearmans’rs correlation analysis applied to the 9100-5500 cal BP dataset, including here high-resolution XRD data (data from ‘Selected variables 9.1-5.5’).</li> <li>‘Figure 2 charcoal results’: original sedimentary charcoal results provided in this work. Data plotted in Figure 2. </li> <li>‘Figure 4 XRD results’: original XRD results provided in this work. Data plotted in Figure 4.</li> <li>‘Figure 5 DCA 12.6-5.5’: results of Detrended Correspondence analysis focused on the time period from 12600 to 5500 cal BP. Data plotted in Figure 5.</li> <li>‘Figure 6 DCA 9.1-5.5’ results of Detrended Correspondence analysis focused on the time period from 9100 to 5500 cal BP, including here high-resolution XRD data. Data plotted in Figure 6.</li> </ol>
Patch-burn grazing impacts forage resources in subtropical humid grazinglands
Subtropical humid grazing lands represent a large global land use and are important for livestock production, as well as supplying multiple ecosystem services. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) management is applied in temperate grazing lands to enhance environmental and economic sustainability; however, this management system has not been widely tested in subtropical humid grazing lands. The objective of this study was to determine how PBG affected forage resources, in comparison with the business-as usual full-burn (FB) management in both intensively managed pastures (IMP) and seminative (SN) pastures in subtropical humid grazing lands. We hypothesized that PBG management would create patch contrasts in forage quantity and nutritive value in both IMP and SN pastures, with a greater effect in SN pastures. A randomized block design experiment was established in 2017 with 16 pastures (16 ha each), 8 each in IMP and SN at Archbold Biological Station’s Buck Island Ranch in Florida. PBG management employed on IMP and SN resulted in creation of patch contrast in forage nutritive value and biomass metrics, and recent fire increased forage nutritive value. Residual standing biomass was significantly lower in burned patches of each year, creating heterogeneity within both pasture types under PBG. PBG increased digestible forage production in SN but not IMP pastures. These results suggest that PBG may be a useful management tool for enhancing forage nutritive value and creating patch contrast in both SN and IMP, but PBG does not necessarily increase production relative to FB management. The annual increase in tissue quality and digestible forage production in a PBG system as opposed to once every 3 yr in an FB system is an important consideration for ranchers. Economic impacts of PBG and FB management in the two different pasture types are discussed, and we compare and contrast results from subtropical humid grazing lands with continental temperate grazing lands.
Comparing the impacts of patch-burn grazing on vegetation in two northern tallgrass prairies
The management practice of patch-burn grazing varies grazing pressure across a site by rotating burn locations, thereby creating spatial heterogeneity in vegetation height and density (structure). Patch-burn grazing increases the range of habitats available for different wildlife species, but it may also unintentionally affect plant invasion and plant biodiversity. We evaluated the effects of patch-burn grazing on plant communities in two northern tallgrass prairies. Both dry-mesic prairie sites were in Minnesota, USA, on similar soils and undergoing invasion by the non-native, cool-season grass smooth brome (Bromus inermis). The sites had different cattle stocking rates and burning practices (3 or 5 burn units). We established 15-20 pairs of plots per site with a fence around one member of each pair. We measured vegetation structure, native and non-native plant richness, smooth brome frequency, and frequency-weighted mean coefficients of conservatism (mean C) over 5-6 years across two treatments: patch-burn grazing and burning-without-grazing. At the site with a lower stocking rate and more burn units, grazing promoted spatial heterogeneity by reducing vegetation structure 18-65 percentage points in some units and some years. In both treatments, native richness increased 15% over 6 years, but smooth brome frequency increased over 200%, suggesting that adjustments in management are needed to suppress smooth brome. At the site with a higher stocking rate and fewer burn units, grazing reduced vegetation structure 37-78 percentage points in all units and all years, but native richness was maintained over time. Grazing also increased non-native richness 38 percentage points and reduced mean C by 6 percentage points over 2 years. Smooth brome frequency increased 2% over 2 years in both treatments. Patch-burn grazing at this site may have increased richness of annual or biennial non-native plant species. At both sites, long-lived perennials may drive the resilience of nat
Understory percent cover, plant traits, canopy LAI, PAR, temperature, and soil moisture data at multiple time points for sites in the burn chronosequence and Indian Point forest at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (2022-2023)
Community ecology has sought to understand the mechanisms by which plant communities are assembled through time and space. One prominent way to address how communities are assembled is by quantifying functional traits. While there is a tremendous body of literature on functional traits, debate persists about how to account for variation in measured traits. For example, intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can be equal to or greater than interspecific trait variation and ITV has also been found to vary greatly across years. Therefore, there is a need to account for variability in functional trait measures among and within species and through time to improve our understanding of community assembly. Chronosequences are a powerful tool to address temporal changes in community dynamics, however, the inclusion of understory plants in forest chronosequence studies is still relatively uncommon. Previous chronosequence studies have been primarily performed in grasslands or in a limited subset of forest types, so further work is needed in understory plant traits across other ecosystems and climates to improve trait-based understanding of understory plant communities through time. Additionally, because plant traits change as ecosystems age, community interactions are likely to change with ecosystem age. Interactions of particular interest are herbivory, arthropod predation, and the influence of plant traits on arthropod diversity.
Plot-level field data and model simulation results, archived to accompany Turner et al. manuscript; reports data from summer 2017 sampling of short-interval fires that burned during summer 2016 in Greater Yellowstone.
Subalpine forests in the northern Rocky Mountains have been resilient to stand-replacing fires that historically burned at 100–300-yr intervals. Fire intervals are projected to decline drastically as climate warms, and forests that reburn before recovering from previous fire may lose their ability to rebound. We studied recent fires in Greater Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) and asked whether short-interval (less than 30 yrs) stand-replacing fires can erode lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forest resilience via increased burn severity, reduced early postfire tree regeneration, reduced carbon stocks, and slower carbon recovery. During 2016, fires reburned young lodgepole pine forests that regenerated after wildfires in 1988 and 2000. During 2017, we sampled 0.25-ha plots in stand-replacing reburns (n=18) and nearby young forests that did not reburn (n=9). We also simulated stand development with and without reburns to assess carbon recovery trajectories. Nearly all prefire biomass was combusted ("crown fire plus") in some reburns in which prefire trees were dense and small (≤ 4 cm basal diameter). Postfire tree seedling density was reduced six-fold relative to the previous (long-interval) fire, and high-density stands (greater than 40,000 stems ha-1) were converted to sparse stands (less than 1,000 stems ha-1). In reburns, coarse wood biomass and aboveground carbon stocks were reduced by 65% and 62%, respectively, relative to areas that did not reburn. Increased carbon loss plus sparse tree regeneration delayed simulated carbon recovery by greater than 150 yrs. Forests did not transition to nonforest, but extreme burn severity and reduced tree recovery foreshadow an erosion of forest resilience.
Soil respiration from a mycorrhizal and root exclusion experiment at Toolik Lake Field Station and Anaktuvuk River Burn, Alaska in 2016
Organic soil from either the Anaktuvik severe burn or Toolik Lake were collected to test of effect of removal of mycorrhizae on decompositon of tundra at Toolik Lake and the Anaktuvuk Burn IN 2016. A licor 6400 with 6400-09 soil respiration chamber was used to measure soil respiration (efflux) from the cores on a weekly basis.
Ion exchange membrane measure of nutrient availability of the 2015 experimental burn at Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska 2016
An experimental burn conducted in the summer of 2015 to provide sites for an experiment whether seeds of Eriophorum vaginatum from different ecotypes could establish in recently burned areas. It consisted of ten 2 meter X 2 meter plots along with a similar number of control plots. There was little seedling establishment but other data were collected on the plots. Ion exchange membranes were used to measure nutrient availability over two time periods: Early season (June) and mid season (July).
Anaktuvuk River Burn Eddy Flux Measurements, Unburned Site, North Slope Alaska, 2013-2019
We deployed three eddy covariance towers along a burn severity gradient (i.e. severely-, moderately-, and un-burned tundra) to monitor post fire Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2 (NEE) within the large 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar during the summer of 2008. This data represents the post fire energy and mass exchange at the unburned site for 2013-2019.
Anaktuvuk River Burn Eddy Flux Measurements, Moderate Site, North Slope Alaska, 2013-2019
We deployed three eddy covariance towers along a burn severity gradient (i.e. severely-, moderately-, and un-burned tundra) to monitor post fire Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2 (NEE) within the large 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar during the summer of 2008. This data represents the post fire energy and mass exchange at the moderate site for 2013-2019.
Anaktuvuk River Burn Eddy Flux Measurements, Severe Site, North Slope Alaska, 2013-2019
We deployed three eddy covariance towers along a burn severity gradient (i.e. severely-, moderately-, and un-burned tundra) to monitor post fire Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2 (NEE) within the large 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar during the summer of 2008. This data represents the post fire energy and mass exchange at the severe burn site for 2013-2019.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, CPCRW soil analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains more detailed data on organic soil measurements for the site at CPCRW. Data are included from 3 measurement dates: 4 August 2000 (org. depth and pH) 23 July 2001 (org. depth, soil wet and dry weights, pH) 16 July 2002 (org. depth, sample volume, soil wet and dry weights) Dry weights were obtained following drying in an oven for 48 hourse at 40-60 degrees C.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, Delta soil analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains more detailed data from organic and mineral soil measurements made in the Delta 99 burn. Note that the file format differs from the CPCRW soil datafile. Information on warming manipulation plots at the Delta site are included here. Measurements of soil organic layer depth, wet weight, dry weight, %moisture, and pH are included for 4 sample dates. Some data are available only for one or two sample dates. Samples were taken with a 5-cm hand corer, except in 2001, where a 2-cm diameter corer was used. The sample dates are: 1 August 2000 17 July 2001 11 July 2002 17 July 2002
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, CPCRW vegetative cover analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains visual cover estimates, by species, for 2000-2002 at the CPCRW site. Sample dates are: 4 August 2000 25 July 2001 16 July 2002. Values are percent cover in a 1x1m quadrat, where T=trace (less than 0.5%), out=outside quadrat but inside experimental plot. An additional line is included which give the full species names associated with the 6-letter codes used as column headers.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, Delta vegetative cover analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains visual cover estimates, by species, for 2000-2002 at the Delta site. Data for severity and warming treatments are included. Sample dates are: 31 July 2000 18 July 2001 13 July 2002. Values are percent cover in a 1x1m quadrat, where T=trace (less than 0.5%), out=outside quadrat but inside experimental plot. An additional line is included which give the full species names associated with the 6-letter codes used as column headers.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, seedling germination analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains data on seedlings that germinated in the severity plots, for seeded and un-seeded (control) subplots. Data from the control subplots has been standardized by area (seedlings/subplot, where the subplot area=0.28 m2), and could be used to estimate natural rates of seedling establishment. Control values are the same for black and white spruce, as these species could not be distinguished.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, germinated seedlings analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains data on total aboveground dry biomass of germinated seedlings harvested in late August, 2002. Seedlings are separated into those found in seeded subplots (target), non-seeded control plots (ctl), or partially-seeded control plots (seed-ctl, where plots were seeded in Sept 2000 but not June 2000). Cohorts indicate the year in which the seedlings were first observed. All seedlings of a species*cohort within a subplot were weighed together, and the average weight/seedling calculated. Note that a plot entry is included in the file only where a seedling was present.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, transplanted seedlings analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains summary biomass data for seedlings transplanted into field plots in June 2001, and harvested in late August 2002. Data represent current year biomass from 2002 (dry biomass, leaves and stems pooled). Values are average weights/seedling, where most plots had 3 seedlings, but some had fewer due to mortality or problems with planting. Note that there are no data for white spruce at the Carmacks site.
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