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Fig. 2 in Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)
Fig. 2. Species of the Hemilienardia ocellata complex. The SEM image with no letter denoted shows standard measurements. A–D. Hemilienardia ocellata (Jousseaume, 1884). A–B. Syntype, MNHN IM-2000-3128, Mauritius, 4.0 mm. C. Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier Lifou 2000, stn 1429, 20°47.5' S, 167°07.1' E, 8–18 m, 4.4 mm. D. New Caledonia, Secteur de Koumac, Expedition Montrouzier, stn 1319, 20°44.7' S, 164°15.5' E, 15–20 m, 3.6 mm. E–F. Hemilienardia acinonyx sp. nov. E. Holotype, MNHN IM-2013-33593, Philippines, 8.1 mm. F. Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier Lifou 2000, stn 1441, 20°46.4' S, 167°02.0' E, 20 m, 5.4 mm. G–H. Hemilienardia lynx sp. nov., holotype, MNHN IM-2013-5489, Papua New Guinea, 2.75 mm. I–M. Hemilienardia pardus sp. nov. I. BMOO 17147, Society Islands, Moorea. K. Holotype, MNHN IM-2000-31661, 5.8 mm. L–M. Loyalty Islands, Lifou, Baie du Santal, Atelier Lifou 2000, stn 1454, 20°56.65' S, 167°02.0' E, 15–18 m, 5.2 mm.
Fig. 1 in Not all spotted cats are leopards: evidence for a Hemilienardia ocellata species complex (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Raphitomidae)
Fig. 1. Relationships of the Hemilienardia ocellata complex as inferred by the molecular phylogenetic analysis. A. Bayesian tree based on the analysis of 61 Raphitomidae COI sequences. Black circles indicate nodes with 0.9 0.7.
FIG. 3 in The saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from the lower Pleistocene locality Dafnero, Western Macedonia, Greece
FIG. 3. — Comparison of the crania of Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846): A, DFN3-152 from Dafnero-3; B, MNHN.F.PET2000 (cast); C, Perrier (France), Senèze (France), FSL-210 991 (cast); D, IN-I 929 from Incarcal (Spain). Views: 1, lateral; 2, dorsal; 3, ventral. Scale bar: c. 10 cm.
FIG. 5 in The saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from the lower Pleistocene locality Dafnero, Western Macedonia, Greece
FIG. 5. — Box-plot diagram comparing the upper carnassial length of Homotherium Fabrini, 1890 and Megantereon Croizet & Jobert, 1828 from various European localities. Data sources as in Fig. 3.
FIG. 1 in The saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from the lower Pleistocene locality Dafnero, Western Macedonia, Greece
FIG. 1. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846), Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece, middle Villafranchian, cranium DFN3-152, in: A, left lateral; B, right lateral; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, detailed canine views. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 2 in The saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from the lower Pleistocene locality Dafnero, Western Macedonia, Greece
FIG. 2. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846), Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece, middle Villafranchian, humerus DFN3-153 in: A, anterior; B, posterior; C, lateral; D, medial views. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 4 in The saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from the lower Pleistocene locality Dafnero, Western Macedonia, Greece
FIG. 4. — Scatter diagram comparing the upper canine dimensions of Homotherium Fabrini, 1890 and Megantereon Croizet & Jobert, 1828 from various Eurasian localities. Data sources: Bonis (1976), Koufos (1992), Galobart et al. (2003), Palmqvist et al. (2007) and Sardella & Iurino (2012).
FIG. 6 in Ecometrics and Neogene faunal turnover: the roles of cats and hindlimb morphology in the assembly of carnivoran communities in the New World
FIG. 6. — Ecometric plots of ankle gear ratio in carnivoran assemblages from the Arikareean (latest Oligocene and earliest Miocene) through the present. The mean and standard deviation of each assemblage is indicated by the broken line and grey bands respectively. Family-level classification of each species can be found in Appendix 6.
FIG. 1 in Ecometrics and Neogene faunal turnover: the roles of cats and hindlimb morphology in the assembly of carnivoran communities in the New World
FIG. 1. — Ankle gear ratio in Carnivoramorpha: A, plantarflexion in the carnivoran ankle joint (medial view). Black dot marks the approximate centre of rotation. Distance between dot and insertion of gastrocnemius is the approximate out-lever for plantarflexion. Scans of astragalus and calcaneum from Puma concolor (WRAZL 0210086); B, calcaneal anatomy and gear ratio (dorsal view); C, ecometric distribution of ankle gear ratio (y-axis) for 215 carnivormorphan species in rank order (x-axis). Felid and barbourofelid ratios are highlighted with black circles and stem lines. Horizontal broken line, mean value; grey band, 1 standard deviation. Colour coding matches Figure 2.
Cats from Egypt
<p>Ancient Egyptian culture is known for its devotion to the cat. Here an image which is showing some "cats" (mummies and statuettes) exhibited at the Egyptian Museum of Torino. </p>
Data from: Do introduced apex predators suppress introduced mesopredators? A multiscale spatiotemporal study of dingoes and feral cats in Australia suggests not
<p>1. The role of apex predators in structuring ecosystems through the suppression of mesopredator activity and abundance is receiving increasing attention, largely due to the potential benefits for biodiversity conservation. In Australia, invasive mesopredators such as feral cats (Felis catus) have been identified as major contributors to Australia's mass mammal extinctions since European arrival. The introduced dingo (Canis familiaris) has been proposed as a novel way to suppress the impacts of feral cats, however scientific evidence of the dingo's suppressive role is equivocal. 2. We used camera traps to investigate whether a large introduced predator (dingo) suppresses the activity of an established introduced mesopredator (feral cat) across a national park site conserving endangered species, and an agricultural site supporting cattle grazing enterprises. 3. Feral cats and dingoes exhibited marked overlap in both temporal and spatial activity, indicating coexistence. Some temporal separation was evident at the agricultural site, however this reflected higher diurnal activity by dingoes, not a responsive shift in cat activity. Cat activity times were unrelated to dingo presence and did not differ between areas occupied by dingoes and dingo-free areas. There was no evidence of dingoes excluding cats from patches at either site, nor was there evidence of within-night fine-scale spatiotemporal avoidance of dingoes by cats. 4. Species co-occurrence models revealed dingoes had no negative effect on the probability of cat presence. The probability of detecting a cat on the national park was significantly higher in areas with dingoes than in dingo-free areas, while on agricultural land, cat detectability did not differ between areas with and without dingoes. Cats remained active, abundant and widespread across both sites, with evidence of cats hunting and breeding successfully in areas occupied by dingoes. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our findings indicate that feral cats can coexist with dingoes, without apparent suppression of cat activity, abundance, or fitness. Proposals to reintroduce or restore dingoes and other large predators to suppress invasive mesopredators and conserve biodiversity should be carefully evaluated on a site-by-site basis, as their ability to suppress cats and protect species of conservation significance will likely be context dependent.</p>
Data from: A cost-effective blood DNA methylation-based age estimation method in domestic cats, Tsushima leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus), and Panthera species, using targeted bisulfite sequencing and machine learning models
<p><span>Knowledge of individual age can help both in-situ and ex-situ conservation programs to design more efficient and suitable management plans for targeted wildlife species. DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic aging markers that has emerged as a promising tool that can estimate age with high accuracy using only a tiny amount of biological material, which can be collected in a minimally invasive way. Here, we sequenced five targeted genetic regions and used </span><span>8–23</span><span> selected CpG sites to build age estimation models with machine learning methods </span><span>with about only $3–7 per sample</span><span>, using blood samples of seven Felidae species—ranging from small to big, and domestic to endangered species: domestic cats (<em>Felis catus</em>, 139 samples), Tsushima leopard cats (<em>Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus</em>, 84 samples), and five<em> Panthera </em>species (96 samples). </span><span>The models built achieved satisfactory accuracy—the mean absolute error of the best models was 1.966, 1.348, and 1.552 years in domestic cats, Tsushima leopard cats, and <em>Panthera</em> spp., respectively.</span><span> Our models in domestic cats and Tsushima leopard cats were applicable to individuals regardless of health conditions, indicating the high applicability of our models to samples collected from diverse situations, e.g., rescued individuals in the context of conservation. We also showed the possibility of developing universal age estimation models for the five<em> Panthera</em> spp. using two of the five genetic regions, suggesting an even lower cost to use our models for future applications.</span></p>
Data from: Metabarcoding analysis provides insight into the link between prey and plant intake in a large alpine cat carnivore, the snow leopard
<p>Species of the family Felidae (a group represented by cats) are thought to be obligate carnivores, specialized for hunting and consuming other animals. However, the detection of plants in the feces of felids raises questions about the role of plants in their diet. This is particularly true for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), a big cat native to central and South Asia's high mountains. Our study aimed to comprehensively identify the prey and plants consumed by snow leopards as well as six other sympatric mammals. We applied DNA metabarcoding methods on 126 fecal samples collected from the Sarychat-Ertash Nature Reserve in Kyrgyzstan. We found that among the three most common plant families in snow leopard feces, Tamaricaceae (genus Myricaraia) was consumed often by snow leopards. The genus Myricaria frequently appeared in samples lacking any animal prey DNA, indicating that snow leopards might have consumed this plant especially when their digestive tracts were empty. We also observed a significant difference in plant composition between male and female snow leopards, and potentially between sampling seasons. We provide a comprehensive overview of the prey and plants detected in the feces of snow leopards and sympatric mammals. We believe our findings will help in formulating hypotheses and guiding future research to understand the adaptive significance of plant-eating behavior in felids and animal-plant relationships in the ecosystem.</p>
FIGURE 4. Right Ectocuneiform. A in Occurrence of the sabretooth cat Smilodon populator (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the Cuvieri cave, eastern Brazil
FIGURE 4. Right Ectocuneiform. A) Distal view; B) Proximal view; C) Internal view; D) External view; E) Dorsal view; F) Plantar view. A1-F1) Adult lioness (Panthera leo); A2-F2) Smilodon populator. Scale bar equals 20 mm.
FIGURE 3. Calcaneus. A-F in Occurrence of the sabretooth cat Smilodon populator (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the Cuvieri cave, eastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Calcaneus. A-F) Left Calcaneus. A) Dorsal view; B) Astragalar view; C and D) Lateral view; E) Distal view; F) Right Calcaneus. A.1-E.1) Adult lioness (Panthera leo) A.2-F) Smilodon populator. Scale bar equals 20 mm.
FIGURE 5. Identified osteological material. A in Occurrence of the sabretooth cat Smilodon populator (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the Cuvieri cave, eastern Brazil
FIGURE 5. Identified osteological material. A) Distal part of metatarsal (CVL2 12475); B) Proximal phalanx (CVL2 14207); B-C) Ungual phalanges (CVL2 14532; CVL2 14309) E-H) Intermediate phalanges (CVL2 15187; CVL2 13333; CVL2 13400; CVL2 13300). Scale bar equals 20 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Occurrence of the sabretooth cat Smilodon populator (Felidae, Machairodontinae) in the Cuvieri cave, eastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Detail of the right calcaneal articulatory region CVL2 15315. As1 - External astragalar facet or ectal facet; As2 and As3 - internal astragalar facets or sustainable facets; Na - facet articulate with the navicular; C - Articulation facet with cuboid. Scale bar equals 20 mm.
Conflict over the eukaryote root resides in strong outliers, mosaics and missing data sensitivity of site-specific (CAT) mixture models
Abstract Phylogenetic reconstruction using concatenated loci ("phylogenomics" or "supermatrix phylogeny") is a powerful tool for solving evolutionary splits that are poorly resolved in single gene/protein trees (SGTs). However, recent phylogenomic attempts to resolve the eukaryote root have yielded conflicting results, along with claims of various artefacts hidden in the data. We have investigated these conflicts using two new methods for assessing phylogenetic conflict. ConJak uses whole marker (gene or protein) jackknifing to assess deviation from a central mean for each individual sequence, while ConWin uses a sliding window to screen for incongruent protein fragments (mosaics). Both methods allow selective masking of individual sequences or sequence fragments in order to minimize missing data, an important consideration for resolving deep splits with limited data. Analyses focused on a set of 76 eukaryotic proteins of bacterial-ancestry previously used in various combinations to assess the branching order among the three major divisions of eukaryotes: Amorphea (mainly animals, fungi and Amoebozoa), Diaphoretickes (most other well-known eukaryotes and nearly all algae) and Excavata, represented here by Discoba (Jakobida, Heterolobosea, and Euglenozoa). ConJak analyses found strong outliers to be concentrated in under-sampled lineages, while ConWin analyses of Discoba, the most under-sampled of the major lineages, detected potentially incongruent fragments scattered throughout. Phylogenetic analyses of the full data using an LG-gamma model support a Discoba sister scenario (neozoan-excavate root), which rises to 99-100% bootstrap support with data masked according to either protocol. However, analyses with two site-specific (CAT) mixture models yielded widely inconsistent results and a striking sensitivity to missing data. The neozoan-excavate root places Amorphea and Diaphoretickes as more closely related to each other than either is to Discoba, a fundamental relationship that should remain unaffected by additional taxa.
Akrotiri (Ακρωτήρι, Turkish: Ağrotur), Cyprus. St Nicholas of the Cats, entrance portal.
<p>Akrotiri (Ακρωτήρι, Turkish: Ağrotur), Cyprus. St Nicholas of the Cats, entrance portal, as documented in 1973.</p>
Fig. 3 in Occurrence and regional distribution of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in cats in Germany
Fig. 3 Seasonal distribution of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus-positive feline faecal samples (n 026) in Germany
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.