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49 results for “cervical vertebrae”
Fig. 8. Cervical vertebrae. A, C, E, Acleistochelys maliensis n.gen., n in Acleistochelys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Bothremydidae) from the Paleocene of Mali
Fig. 8. Cervical vertebrae. A, C, E, Acleistochelys maliensis n.gen., n.sp. CNRST SUNY 199; B, D, F, FMNH PR 268 probably Chedighaii or Bothremys. A, B, posterior views; C, D, left lateral views; E, F, ventral views.
Fig. 54. Cervical vertebra 10 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 54. Cervical vertebra 10 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 52. Cervical vertebra 8 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 52. Cervical vertebra 8 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral
Fig. 51. Cervical vertebra 7 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 51. Cervical vertebra 7 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 50. Cervical vertebra 6 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 50. Cervical vertebra 6 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 48. Cervical vertebra 4 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 48. Cervical vertebra 4 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 47. Cervical vertebra 3 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 47. Cervical vertebra 3 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations for this and all cervical vertebrae figures: accl, accessory lamina on anterior surface of transverse process; atvpfos, fossa on anterior surface of transverse process; diap, diapophysis; dmf, dorsomedial fossa on anterior surface of transverse process; dorsfos, fossa on dorsal surface of web of bone between pre- and postzygapophyses; dtvpfos, fossa on dorsal surface of transverse process; epi, epipophysis; epl, epipophyseal-prezygapophyseal lamina; for, foramen within ventrolateral fossa on anterior surface of transverse process; hyp, hypapophysis; ipodl, infrapostzygapophyseal lamina; iprdl, infraprezygapophyseal lamina; keel, keel on ventral surface of centrum; ns, neural spine; para, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcdlfd, fossa dorsal to posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcdlfv, fossa ventral to posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pf, pneumatic foramen (''pleurocoel''); posdl, postzygapodiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; postf, posterior centrum face; posz, postzygapophysis; predl, prezygapodiapophyseal lamina; pref, prespinal fossa; prez, prezygapophysis; sposl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; sprel, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tvp, transverse process; vlf, ventrolateral fossa on anterior surface of transverse process.
Fig. 53. Cervical vertebra 9 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 53. Cervical vertebra 9 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral
Second Cervical Vertebra
Human second cervical vertebra from the anthropology department's collections at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, modeled with the permission of Dr. Robert Anemone. Creator: Cory Henderson, undergraduate Anthropology and Biology student at University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Hardware: NextEngine Desktop 3D Scanner, Model 2020i Software: ScanStudioHD and RapidWorks Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
First Cervical Vertebra
Human first cervical vertebra from the anthropology department's collections at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, modeled with the permission of Dr. Robert Anemone. Creator: Cory Henderson, undergraduate Anthropology and Biology student at University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Hardware: NextEngine Desktop 3D Scanner, Model 2020i Software: ScanStudioHD and RapidWorks Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fourth Cervical Vertebra
Human fourth cervical vertebra from the anthropology department's collections at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, modeled with the permission of Dr. Robert Anemone. Creator: Cory Henderson, undergraduate Anthropology and Biology student at University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Hardware: NextEngine Desktop 3D Scanner, Model 2020i Software: ScanStudioHD and RapidWorks Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 5. Anterior cervical vertebrae from Brasilotitan nemophagus, A in A new titanosaur sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil
FIGURE 5. Anterior cervical vertebrae from Brasilotitan nemophagus, A- in left lateral view, notice the antero-posterior elongation of the centrum. A strong curvature of the ventral border is seen in lateral (A), ventral (B), and dorsal (C) views. Scale bar equals to 50 mm.
FIGURE 3. Cervical vertebrae 2-6 in The first well-preserved coelophysoid theropod dinosaur from Asia
FIGURE 3. Cervical vertebrae 2-6 of Panguraptor lufengensis gen. et sp. nov. (LFGT-0103) in right lateral view. Abbreviations: a rib, axial rib; C4-C6, cervicals 4–6; cp, caudal pleurocoel; rib of cer 3, rib of cervical 3; rp, rostral pleurocoel; sg, shallow groove on axis.
Figure 9. BIBE 45854, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis A, cervical vertebra 11 in An articulated cervical series of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore, 1922 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from Texas: new perspective on the relationships of North America's last giant sauropod
Figure 9. BIBE 45854, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis A, cervical vertebra 11 in ventral view at an incomplete stage of preparation; segment of thin, right cervical rib 10 visible embedded in sediment ventral to centrum. B, interpretive line drawing of view in A; solid grey fill indicates broken bone surface; stippling indicates rock; diagonal cross-hatching indicates temporary support jacket constructed during preparation. Abbreviations: C10, posterior rom of centrum of cervical vertebra 10; C11, cervical vertebra 11; crib10, part of shaft of right cervical rib 10; crib 11, main body of left cervical rib 11; pp, parapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; tp, transverse process. Scale bar = 20 cm.
Figure 4. BIBE 45854, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis. A, cervical vertebra 10 in An articulated cervical series of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore, 1922 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from Texas: new perspective on the relationships of North America's last giant sauropod
Figure 4. BIBE 45854, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis. A, cervical vertebra 10 in dorsal view during preparation, with neural spine removed. B, interpretive line drawing of image in A. Somphospondylus internal structure is visible in broken neural spine laminae in A. Solid grey fill in B indicates broken bone surfaces. Dashed lines indicate approximate borders of anterior condyle and prezygapophyses not attached to centrum at this stage of preparation. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; crib, cervical rib; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; ppr, posterior process of posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; sdf, spinodiapophyseal fossa; spof, spinopostzygapophyseal fossa; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Divisions on metre scale bar are 10 cm.
Figure 10. Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, first caudal vertebra. A—C, TMM 41541-1 in An articulated cervical series of Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Gilmore, 1922 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from Texas: new perspective on the relationships of North America's last giant sauropod
Figure 10. Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, first caudal vertebra. A—C, TMM 41541-1 first caudal vertebra in A, anterior, B, right lateral, and C, posterior views. D, E, USNM 15560, line drawings of first caudal vertebra in D, anterior, and E, right lateral views. F, TMM 41541-1, close-up of first caudal centrum in right lateroventral and slightly anterior view; arrows point to at least three foramina ventral to transverse process. D and E drawn from Gilmore (1946). Abbreviations: for, foramen; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tp, transverse process. A—C, scale bar = 20 cm.
text-fig. 24. Anterior theropod cervical vertebrae in lateral view, illustrating several cervical characters, a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). B, Lilienstemus lilienstemi; based on MB R. 2175. c, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, based on UCMP V 6468. D, Allosaurus fragilisa based on Madsen (1976) and MOR 693. Abbreviations: di, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; k, keel; ns, neural spine; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-d). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 24. Anterior theropod cervical vertebrae in lateral view, illustrating several cervical characters, a, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). B, Lilienstemus lilienstemi; based on MB R. 2175. c, Dilophosaurus wetherillv, based on UCMP V 6468. D, Allosaurus fragilisa based on Madsen (1976) and MOR 693. Abbreviations: di, diapophysis; ep, epipophysis; k, keel; ns, neural spine; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; pp, parapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-d).
Figure 21. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred cervical vertebra VI in Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs
Figure 21. Diamantinasaurus matildae referred cervical vertebra VI (AODF 836) in anterior (A), left lateral (B), dorsal (C), posterior (D), right lateral (E) and ventral (F) views. Scale bar: 100 mm.
Micro CT scans of TMP2023.012.0237 - Pterosaur cervical vertebra with bite mark
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Data from: Phenotypic integration of the cervical vertebrae in the Hominoidea (Primates)
Phenotypic integration and modularity represent important factors influencing evolutionary change. The mammalian cervical vertebral column is particularly interesting in regards to integration and modularity because it is highly constrained to seven elements, despite widely variable morphology. Previous research has found a common pattern of integration among quadrupedal mammals, but integration patterns also evolve in response to locomotor selective pressures like those associated with hominin bipedalism. Here, I test patterns of covariation in the cervical vertebrae of three hominoid primates (Hylobates, Pan, Homo) who engage in upright postures and locomotion. Patterns of integration in the hominoid cervical vertebrae correspond generally to those previously found in other mammals, suggesting that integration in this region is highly conserved, even among taxa that engage in novel positional behaviors. These integration patterns reflect underlying developmental as well as functional modules. The strong integration between vertebrae suggests that the functional morphology of the cervical vertebral column should be considered as a whole, rather than in individual vertebrae. Taxa that display highly derived morphologies in the cervical vertebrae are likely exploiting these integration patterns, rather than reorganizing them. Future work on vertebrates without cervical vertebral number constraints will further clarify the evolution of integration in this region.
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