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511 results for “climate effects”
Data for: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) offsets the detrimental effects of climate change in the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Diazotrophs provide a significant reactive nitrogen source in the ocean. Increased warming and stratification may decrease nutrient availability in the future, forcing microbial communities to use dissolved organic matter (DOM). Not depending on reactive nitrogen availability, diazotrophs may be "winners" in a nutrient depleted ocean. However, their ability to exploit DOM may influence this success. We exposed cultures of the widespread <em>Crocosphaera</em> to low (26°C, pH 8.1), moderate (28°C, pH 8.0), and extreme (30°C, pH 7.9) climate change scenarios, under control or DOM-amended conditions. Growth was suboptimal in the low and extreme treatments, and favoured in the moderate treatment. DOM was preferred as a carbon source regardless of the treatment, and promoted N<sub>2</sub> fixation in extreme conditions. This was reflected in the increased expression of photosynthesis genes to obtain energy. DOM provides <em>Crocosphaera</em> with a key ecological advantage, possibly dictating diazotroph-derived nitrogen inputs in the future ocean.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Species richness: a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality
<p>Temperate semi-natural grasslands harbour unique biodiversity, support livestock farming through forage production, and deliver many essential ecosystem services (ESs) to human society; they are highly multifunctional. However, temperate grassland ecosystems are also among the most threatened ecosystems on earth due to land use and climate change. Understanding how biodiversity, climate, and land use intensification impact grassland multifunctionality through complex direct and indirect pathways is critical to better anticipate the future of these fragile ecosystems. </p> <p>Here, we evaluate how local plant species richness (SR) modulates the effect of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality (using six key ESs: biomass productivity and stability, forage quality, carbon storage, pollination, and local plant rarity) in the French Massif Central, the largest grassland in Western-Europe. We sampled 100 grassland fields with contrasted fertilisation rates, and SR over large elevational and latitudinal gradients related to variation in mean annual temperature (MAT), and drought severity (DS), two key climate change drivers that are predicted to increase in the future.</p> <p>Using a confirmatory path analysis, we found that SR was the main driver of multifunctionality. We also found significant SR × MAT and SR × fertilization interactions suggesting that warm climate and high fertilization rates may alter the biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. Furthermore, increasing temperature and fertilization indirectly influenced multifunctionality by decreasing SR and consequent multifunctionality in warm low-land and highly fertilized grasslands compared to colder montane grasslands or less fertilised ones. DS only impacted some ES individually (e.g. forage quality).</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: we identified SR as a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on multifunctionality through both direct and indirect pathways. Failing to account for changes in SR could thus bias any prediction of – or aggravate – the effects of land use intensification and climate change on ESs delivery in temperate grassland ecosystems. Considering that SR, MAT, and fertilization are major proxies of three main global change drivers (biodiversity loss, climate change, and land use intensification) our study may help to better anticipate the effect of multiple interacting global change drivers on grassland ecosystems.</p>
Data for "Improved constraints on hematite refractive index for estimating climatic effects of dust aerosols"
<p>This repository contains calculated/simulated data on the imaginary part of the complex refractive index, single scattering albedo, and/or optical depth for dust aerosols in the visible band or at the wavelength of 550 nm.</p> <p>For detailed information on (1) the acquisition and utilization of this data, (2) comprehensive configurations for model simulations, (3) the principal findings, and (4) the methodology employed to achieve these findings, please refer to the article authored by Li, Mahowald et al. (2024; Commun. Earth Environ).</p> <p>Other datasets, including the code and laboratory observations presented in the paper, can be found elsewhere (refer to the Data and Code Availability sections of the paper).</p> <p>For any clarification regarding the data and code, inquiries related to the publication, or potential collaboration, please contact Longlei Li (<a href="mailto:ll859@cornell.edu">ll859@cornell.edu</a>) or Natalie M. Mahowald (<a href="mailto:mahowald@cornell.edu">mahowald@cornell.edu</a>).</p>
Seasonal orographic effect of North American Mountain Range at different levels and its remote control on tropical climate
<p><a name="OLE_LINK36"></a><a name="OLE_LINK37"></a><a name="OLE_LINK81"></a><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a><span><span><span><span>Orography significantly influences global climate patterns. </span></span></span></span><a name="OLE_LINK32"></a><a name="OLE_LINK33"></a><span><span><span><span><span><span>Previous studies show the North American Mountain Range (NAMR) impacts regional climates seasonally but have not thoroughly illustrated the seasonally different atmospheric responses in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>Using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 with a slab ocean configuration, we investigate the NAMR’s seasonal impacts by simulating scenarios with and without the mountain range. Our findings reveal that the NAMR induces contrasting responses in sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation off California in different seasons, indicating different underlying mechanisms. Through analysis of large-scale circulation and local energy budgets, we find that in summer, the NAMR reinforces the North Pacific High causing SST cooling and drying off California. This cooling propagates to the equatorial Pacific via anomalous northeasterlies, influencing the Intertropical Convergence Zone and initiating a climatic signal through the Pacific Meridional Mode, which crosses the equator and affects Southern Hemisphere temperatures. In winter, the NAMR reduces wind speed and evaporation, leading to SST warming off California, amplified by SST-cloud feedback. In the upper troposphere, we observe seasonal shifts in jet stream patterns: during winter, a weakened, equatorward-shifted jet over the Pacific and a strengthened, poleward-shifted branch over the Atlantic; in summer, the jet stream intensifies over and downstream of the mountains while weakening upstream. Our research highlights distinct seasonal mechanisms by which the NAMR influence climate patterns, linking mid-latitude climate variations to equatorial, cross-hemispheric and global changes.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON A SUBTROPICAL COASTAL SHALLOW LAKE FROM HEATWAVE INDEXES
<p>This zipped folder contains the files used to generate the results of this article, submitted to the journal Earth Systems and Environment.</p>
Datasets from Ganuza et al. 2022: Interactive effects of climate and land use on pollinator diversity differ among taxa and scales
<p>Datasets used in Ganuza et al. 2022: Interactive effects of climate and land use on pollinator diversity differ among taxa and scales. Local and regional data are provided in separate files for the environmental variables, plant species composition and the composition of the different pollinator taxa.</p>
Trait functional diversity explains mixture effects on litter decomposition at the arid end of a climate gradient
<p><span>Litter decomposition is controlled by climate, litter quality and decomposer communities. Because the decomposition of specific litter types is also influenced by the properties of adjacent types, mixing litter types may result in non-additive effects on overall decomposition rates. The strength of these effects seems to depend on the litter functional diversity. However, it is unclear which functional traits or combination of traits explain litter mixture effects and if these depend on the range of trait values and the ecosystems involved. These uncertainties hamper our ability to predict decomposition in plant communities. </span></p> <p><span>We aimed at understanding whether and how functional diversity (measured as functional dispersion, FDis) influences litter decomposition, and how this influence varies among different climates and across decomposition stages. We calculated FDis based on litter traits related to nutrient concentrations or to litter recalcitrance, and tested whether these diversity measures and climatic parameters (soil moisture and temperature) explained litter mixture effects on decomposition. </span></p> <p><span>Additive mixture effects (i.e. decomposition of mixtures equalling the mean decomposition of the single litter types) were common in most of the evaluated climates. Non-additive, negative effects were mainly restricted to the driest and warmest sites, and decreased with time. Non-additive effects increased in magnitude with the mixtures' FDis, with positive effects being related to FDis in nutrient traits and negative effects being related to FDis in recalcitrance traits. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Litter mixing did not have strong effects on decomposition rates across the studied climatic gradient overall, and the direction and intensity of the mixture effects were context-dependent. The effects were stronger and more negative in the dryer ecosystems. Where effects were found, functional diversity calculated from selected groups of traits (related to nutrients or litter recalcitrance) predicted mixture effects, especially where trait ranges were broad, though much of the variation remains unexplained. We propose that functional diversity metrics based on litter traits that are mechanistically relevant, applied to diverse site-specific litter mixtures in different climates, can help to better understand under which conditions and in which direction litter diversity affects decomposition.</span></p>
Data and R code for long-term study of fire and climate effects on water quality in Clear Lake, California
<p>Long-term relationships between water quality, fire and climate for Clear Lake, California. Although the watershed has historically experienced frequent fire, the 2018 Mendocino Complex, which was the largest wildfire complex in state history, burned approximately 40% of the watershed, sparking concerns about drinking water quality and lake ecosystem health. This analysis spans approximately 1968-2021.</p>
Model output data for Smith et al., "Effects of increasing the category resolution of the sea ice thickness distribution in a coupled climate model on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice"
<p>Model output data for Smith et al., "Effects of increasing the category resolution of the sea ice thickness distribution in a coupled climate model on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice", in review in Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 2022. Details on CESM model settings and run setups can be found within the manuscript. </p>
Data and code – Effects of climate on salmonid productivity: A global meta-analysis across freshwater ecosystems
<p>Salmonids are of immense socio-economic importance in much of the world but are threatened by climate change. This has generated a substantial literature documenting effects of climate variation on salmonid productivity in freshwater ecosystems, but there has been no global quantitative synthesis across studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to gain quantitative insight into key factors shaping the effects of climate on salmonid productivity, ultimately collecting 1,321 correlations from 156 studies, representing 23 species across 24 countries. Fisher's Z was used as the standardized effect size, and a series of weighted mixed-effects models were compared to identify covariates that best explained variation in effects. Patterns in climate effects were complex, and were driven by spatial (latitude, elevation), temporal (time-period, age-class), and biological (range, habitat type, anadromy) variation within and among study populations. These trends were often consistent with predictions based on salmonid thermal tolerances. Namely, warming and decreased precipitation tended to reduce productivity when high temperatures challenged upper thermal limits, while opposite patterns were common when cold temperatures limited productivity. Overall, variable climate impacts on salmonids suggest that future declines in some locations may be counterbalanced by gains in others. In particular, we suggest that future warming should (1) increase salmonid productivity at high latitudes and elevations (especially >60° and >1,500m), (2) reduce productivity in populations experiencing hotter and dryer growing season conditions, (3) favor non-native over native salmonids, and (4) impact lentic populations less negatively than lotic ones. These patterns should help conservation and management organizations identify populations most vulnerable to climate change, which can then be prioritized for protective measures. Our framework enables broad inferences about future productivity that can inform decision-making under climate change for salmonids and other taxa, but more widespread, standardized, and hypothesis-driven research is needed to expand current knowledge.</p>
Figure 5 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 5. The relationship between UV Aerosol Index extracted from Sentinel-5 imagery and spider mite population (mean score of each window) from June 9, 2020 to September 17, 2020 (First window, May 30 to June 9 was not spider mite distribution data).
Figure 6 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 6. The relationship between daily CHIRPS-precipitation and spider mite population (mean score of each window) from June 9, 2020 to September 17, 2020 (First window, May 30 to June 9 was not spider mite distribution data).
Figure 9 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 9. The relationship between NDVI (10 m) provided form Sentinal-2 and density of spider mite during monitoring windows based on ANOVA for linear regression. The alphabetical letters indicate of the sequence windows from June 9, 2020 to September 17, 2020 (First window, May 30 to June 9 was not spider mite distribution data).
Figure 4 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 4. Distribution maps of spider mite based on IDW model during monitoring windows, a–n are the sequence windows form June 9, 2020 to September 17, 2020 (First window, May 30 to June 9 was not spider mite population data).
Figure 8 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 8. The relationship between MODIS-Evapotranspiration and spider mite population (mean score of each window) from June 9, 2020 to September 17, 2020. (First window, May 30 to June 9 was not spider mite distribution data).
Figure 3 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 3. Spider mite distribution throughout Golestan province; 6 (min.) × 6 (min.) grid cells in the DMS coordinate system (yellow points indicate the monitoring fields).
FIGURE 2 in The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change
FIGURE 2 | Paraná-Paraguay basin and the 17% of the area with the highest values of species richness (SR), functional richness (FRic), and phylogenetic diversity (PD), as well as the protected areas (PAs). A. SR, FRic, and PD, as well as their individual distribution for the current and future scenarios of climate change; B. the overlap between SR, FRic, and PD, as well as the protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin, for the current and future scenarios of climate change C. The Venn diagrams showing the percentage of overlap between the components of fish diversity and the protected areas currently in the basin.
FIGURE 1 in The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change
FIGURE 1 | Paraná-Paraguay basin showing countries' boundaries, topography, hydrographic features, and protected areas. 1. Upper Paraná River basin; 2. Middle Paraná River basin; 3. Lower Paraná basin; 4. Upper Paraguay basin; 5. Middle Paraguay basin; 6. Lower Paraguay basin.
Data and original code for: Explaining the diversity of optical effects in Christmas beetles: climate, history, and mechanisms
<p><span>Beetles exhibit an extraordinary diversity of brilliant and colourful appearances. The mechanisms producing these optical effects have received some attention, but we know little about the ecological variables driving their evolution. Here we investigated environmental correlates of reflectivity and circular polarization produced by a combination of pigments and structures in optically diverse Christmas beetles (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). We quantified the optical properties of 261 specimens representing 46 species using spectrophotometry and calibrated photographs. Then, we examined associations between these properties and environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and vegetation cover, controlling for body size and phylogenetic relatedness. Our results showed that larger beetles have higher reflectivity and occur in drier environments. Unexpectedly, near-infrared (NIR) reflectivity was not correlated with ecological variables. We observed no universal ecogeographical pattern for polarization but identified trade-offs with other optical properties: beetles without polarization-associated nanostructures had higher NIR reflectivity. Visible reflectivity seems less affected by nanostructures and is instead negatively correlated with the accumulation of pigments such as melanin. Our study highlights the value of a macroecological approach for testing alternative hypotheses to explain the diversity of optical effects in beetles and to understand the link between structure and function.</span></p>
Fig. 1 in The effects of short-term climate change on the range of species: the case of the expanding European dwarf mantis Ameles spallanzania in northern Italy (Mantodea: Amelidae)
Fig. 1 – Distribution of Ameles spallanzania in Italy across a, past period and b, current period. Confirmed data refer to already known presence cells in the previous time interval.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.