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92 results for “cnidarian”
Fig. 2 in Clonal colony in the Early Devonian cnidarian Sphenothallus from Brazil
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic chart of the Silurian–Devonian interval in the Paraná Basin (modified from Assine et al. 1994; Sedorko et al. 2017). The exact level in the Jaguariaíva Member at which Clarke's (1913) specimens of Sphenothallus were found is not known.
Fig. 6 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure
Fig. 6. EDS spectra of the phosphatic Sphenothallus tube with diagenetic calcite interlayer. Scale bar 100 μm.
Fig. 3 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure
Fig. 3. Tube microstructure of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (TUG 1648-2), Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla-Nõmme. A. Laminar microstructure, arrows point to the boundaries of laminae; z, possible thin primary lamination. B. Secondary calcitic layer in the tube wall, arrows point to the boundaries between laminae. C. Detail view of the boundary between laminae. D. Homogeneous microstructure.
Fig. 4. Representative X in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure
Fig. 4. Representative X-ray diffraction pattern of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus, Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla, NE Estonia. Dark gray line indicates modelled apatite pattern fitted to measured pattern. Position of reflections 410 and 004 were used to estimate carbonate ion content in carbonate-fluor apatite structure.
Fig. 7 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure
Fig. 7. Representitave ATR-FTIR spectrum of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus from Viivikonna Formation, Kivõli, NE Estonia.
Fig. 2 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure
Fig. 2. Tubes of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (A–C) and Sphenothallus kukersianus (Öpik, 1927) (D) Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, NE Estonia. A. TUG 73-37 from Kohtla-Järve. B. TUG 1087-14 from Kohtla. C. TUG 2-551 from North East Estonia, oil shale basin. D. TUG 1087-12 from Kohtla-Järve.
Linked collectors and determiners for: UWIZM Cnidarians.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "UWIZM Cnidarians". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/e78330b9-9502-46d9-a0f5-677abc4885ed">https://bionomia.net/dataset/e78330b9-9502-46d9-a0f5-677abc4885ed</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/e78330b9-9502-46d9-a0f5-677abc4885ed">https://gbif.org/dataset/e78330b9-9502-46d9-a0f5-677abc4885ed</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: The cnidarians collection (IK) of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN - Paris).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The cnidarians collection (IK) of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN - Paris)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/b5cdf587-3342-48ec-9130-ba1281d7166f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/b5cdf587-3342-48ec-9130-ba1281d7166f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/b5cdf587-3342-48ec-9130-ba1281d7166f">https://gbif.org/dataset/b5cdf587-3342-48ec-9130-ba1281d7166f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data for "Coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling regulates the cnidarian-algal symbiosis"
<p>Raw data associated with the publication "Coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling regulates the cnidarian-algal symbiosis". Data associated with individual figures and corresponding analyses are uploaded as separate tabs in the Excel file. Radecker_etal_NanoSIMS.zip contains the individual NanoSIMS images (names according to treatment). Radecker_etal_Chlorophyll_Fluorescence_Images.zip contains exemplary photographs of chlorophyll fluorescence of Aiptasia (names according to treatment).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Trade-off between photo-symbiosis and innate immunity influences cnidarian’s response to pathogenic bacteria
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Data from: Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model, Exaiptasia pallida (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank
Examination of host-microbe interactions in early diverging metazoans, such as cnidarians, is of great interest from an evolutionary perspective to understand how host-microbial consortia have evolved. To address this problem, we analyzed whether the bacterial community associated with the cosmopolitan and model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida shows specific patterns across worldwide populations ranging from the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. By comparing sequences of the V1–V3 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we revealed that anemones host a complex and diverse microbial community. When examined at the phylum level, bacterial diversity and abundance associated with E. pallida are broadly conserved across geographic space with samples, containing largely Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. However, the species-level makeup within these phyla differs drastically across space suggesting a high-level core microbiome with local adaptation of the constituents. Indeed, no bacterial OTU was ubiquitously found in all anemones samples. We also revealed changes in the microbial community structure after rearing anemone specimens in captivity within a period of four months. Furthermore, the variation in bacterial community assemblages across geographical locations did not correlate with the composition of microalgal Symbiodinium symbionts. Our findings contrast with the postulation that cnidarian hosts might actively select and maintain species-specific microbial communities that could have resulted from an intimate co-evolution process. The fact that E. pallida is likely an introduced species in most sampled localities suggests that this microbial turnover is a relatively rapid process. Our findings suggest that environmental settings, not host specificity, seem to dictate bacterial community structure associated with this sea anemone. More than maintaining a specific composition of bacterial species some cnidarians associate with a wide range of bacterial species as long as they provide the same physiological benefits towards the maintenance of a healthy host. The examination of the previously uncharacterized bacterial community associated with the cnidarian sea anemone model E. pallida is the first global-scale study of its kind.
TARA Pacific CDIV cnidarian host taxonomic annotation release version 1_1
<p>This data is the result of the primary analysis of the 18SV9 sequencing data and photos associated with the Coral Diversity dataset collected from all islands as part of the Tara Pacific expedition. A full README is contained within the data upload.</p>
Supplemental data files: XY sex determination in a cnidarian
<p><strong>Project Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Sex determination occurs across animal species, but most of our knowledge about the mechanisms of sex determination comes from only a handful of bilaterian taxa. This limits our ability to infer the evolutionary history of sex determination within animals. In this study, we generated a linkage map of the genome of the colonial cnidarian <em>Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus</em> and used this map to determine that this species has an XX/XY sex determination system. We delineate the pseudoautosomal and non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome and show that the latter encodes a number of genes with male gonad-specific expression. These findings establish Hydractinia as a tractable non-bilaterian model system for the study of sex determination. </p> <p> </p> <p>This archive contains supplemental data files for "XY sex determination in a cnidarian" by Chen et. al. The manuscript will be submitted to bioRxiv. </p> <ul> <li><strong>Hsym_primary_v1.0.fa.gz: </strong><em>Hydractinia </em>reference genome assembly</li> <li><strong>160429_CRATOS_HKM5MBCXX.lane1.12268798.read1.DOWNSAMPLE_0.2.fq.gz: </strong>Illumina reads for paternal genome downsampled with seqtk.</li> <li><strong>160429_CRATOS_HKM5MBCXX.lane1.12268798.read2.DOWNSAMPLE_0.2.fq.gz: </strong>Illumina reads for paternal genome downsampled with seqtk.</li> <li><strong>rawvariants.90f1.vcf.gz: </strong>Raw genotypes for all 90 offspring and the two parents, called by GATK HaplotypeCaller</li> <li><strong>GATKBP-passed.vcf.gz: </strong>Genotypes quality filtered according to GATK best practices and custom critera.</li> <li><strong>GATKBP-passed.femaleHet.abxabRemoved.vcf.gz: </strong>Genotypes suitable for mapping the maternal genome with a pseudo-testcross strategy.</li> <li><strong>GATKBP-passed.maleHet.abxabRemoved.vcf.gz: </strong>Genotypes suitable for mapping the paternal genome with a pseudo-testcross strategy.</li> </ul>
Fig. 1 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure
Fig. 1. Location of study area (A) and studied sections (B).
Data from: Transcriptional remodeling upon light removal in a model cnidarian: losses and gains in gene expression
Organismal responses to light:dark cycles can result from two general processes: (i) direct response to light or (ii) a free-running rhythm (i.e., a circadian clock). Previous research in cnidarians has shown that candidate circadian clock genes have rhythmic expression in the presence of diel lighting, but these oscillations appear to be lost quickly after removal of the light cue. Here, we measure whole-organism gene expression changes in 136 transcriptomes of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, entrained to a light:dark environment and immediately following light cue removal to distinguish two broadly defined responses in cnidarians: light entrainment and circadian regulation. Direct light exposure resulted in significant differences in expression for hundreds of genes, including more than 200 genes with rhythmic, 24-hour periodicity. Removal of the lighting cue resulted in the loss of significant expression for 80% of these genes after one day, including most of the hypothesized cnidarian circadian genes. Further, 70% of these candidate genes were phase shifted. Most surprisingly, thousands of genes, some of which are involved in oxidative stress, DNA damage response, and chromatin modification, had significant differences in expression in the 24 hours following light removal, suggesting that loss of the entraining cue may induce a cellular stress response. Together, our findings suggest that a majority of genes with significant differences in expression for anemones cultured under diel lighting are largely driven by the primary photoresponse rather than a circadian clock when measured at the whole animal level. These results provide context for the evolution of cnidarian circadian biology and help to disassociate two commonly confounded factors driving oscillating phenotypes.
Adaptations to the deep-sea alongside presence of a mega-array of homeobox genes in the genome of the cnidarian Actinernus
<p>Members of the phylum Cnidaria include sea anemones, corals, and jellyfishes, and have successfully colonised both marine and freshwater habitats throughout the world. Understanding of how cnidarians adapt to extreme environments such as the dark, high-pressure deep-sea habitat has been hindered by the lack of genomic information. Here we report the first chromosome-level deep-sea cnidarian genome, of the anemone <em>Actinernus</em>. Analyses of homeobox genes revealed the longest chromosome hosts a mega-array of Hox cluster, HoxL, ParaHox, NK cluster, and NKL homeobox genes; until now, such an array has only been hypothesized to have existed in ancient ancestral genomes. Analysis of microRNAs revealed cnidarian-specific complements that are distinctive for nested clades of these animals, presumably reflecting the progressive evolution of the gene regulatory networks in which they are embedded. Compared to other sea anemones, circadian rhythm genes were lost in <em>Actinernus</em>, which likely reflects adaptation to living in the dark. This high-quality genome of a deep-sea cnidarian deepens our understanding of the evolution of genome content and organization of animals in general and cnidarians in particular and reveals some of the molecular adaptations of this ecologically important group of metazoans to the extreme deep-sea environment.</p>
Data from: Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model, Exaiptasia pallida (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank
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Data from: Diversity of cnidarians and cycloneuralians in the Fortunian (early Cambrian) Kuanchuanpu Formation at Zhangjiagou, South China
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Seasonal environmental change and sex change in a cnidarian
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Micro-CT data of two early Cambrian cnidarian fossils from China
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.