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229 results for “community biodiversity”
On the biodiversity of diatom communities in lakes of east China: Geochemical effects dominated after eutrophication
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Over the last century, lakes all over the world have experienced significant eutrophication and become more susceptible to critical transitions. This has prompted a growing need to understand how community dynamics shift following ecological perturbations. This study aims to elucidate the present status, spatial patterns and determinants of biological diversity, and how they have changed in response to alterations driven by eutrophication.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Lakes of East China, mostly in the Yangtze River Basin</p> <p><strong>Taxa:</strong> Bacillariophyceae (163 species in 33 genres) </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The environmental conditions of over sixty lakes were assessed based on parameters such as water quality, physical characteristics and biogeochemical constituents. Surface sediment samples and high-resolution sediment records were collected to quantify the biodiversity of diatom communities, and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the major environmental gradients. Meanwhile, linear regression, Canonical Correlation Analysis and Mantel tests were used to quantify the correlations between variables.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Biodiversity metrics showed no distinct geographic patterns, although areas near large lakes showed comparatively high evenness. Smaller pairwise dissimilarities were observed among hypereutrophic lakes in comparison to lakes with a lower trophic status. The past century has witnessed a decrease in both pairwise dissimilarity and the standard deviation of Evenness. A significant statistical association was found between dissimilarity and ionic concentration and composition in the surface sediment of lakes, rather than nutrient levels.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Following regional eutrophication and human disturbance, a significant reduction in biodiversity differentiation was observed in lakes located in East China. Currently, the dominant factor in determining the beta diversity of diatom communities is geochemical conditions rather than nutrient concentrations. Long-term stress caused by cultural eutrophication may also have altered the dominant determinant of regional biodiversity and diatom community dynamics.</p>
Rare species biodiversity, socio-demographics and local and landscape characteristics in Northern California community urban gardens
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Fish communities critically depend on forest subsidies in small neotropical streams with high biodiversity value
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Data from: Biodiversity assessment of tropical shelf eukaryotic communities via pelagic eDNA metabarcoding
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On the biodiversity of diatom communities in lakes of east China: Geochemical effects dominated after eutrophication
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Microevolutionary processes in a foundation tree inform macrosystem patterns of community biodiversity and structure
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Data from: Multi-scalar drivers of biodiversity: local management mediates wild bee community response to regional urbanization
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Community biomass is driven by dominants and their characteristics –the insight from a field biodiversity experiment with realistic species loss scenario
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Data from: Surrogate taxa and fossils as reliable proxies of spatial biodiversity patterns in marine benthic communities
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Biodiversity, Fauna, Vacant Lot Bird Communities
Urban vacant lots can vary considerably in their vegetation structure, from dense, shrubby habitats to wooded remnant fragments that may provide habitat for a variety of birds. By identifying which features promote diverse bird communities, we can determine at which scale management practices should focus and the necessary habitat structure and composition features. We surveyed 150 vacant lots throughout Baltimore,Maryland for their bird communities, lot vegetation, and landscape-level forest cover. An ordination of the bird community indicated a response to a gradient of canopy cover and canopy height at the vacant lot. We also found that forest cover within 100 m of the vacant lot was the most important predictor of abundance for five bird species of interest. Species richness was spatially autocorrelated among sites, indicating that bird communities may also be driven by species� dispersal and environmental gradients across the city. Overall, bird communities are responding to habitat features across multiple scales, from the vacant lot vegetation, to landscape-level forest cover, to city-wide dynamics. Thus, we recommend management practices to focus on increasing city-wide forest cover in order to increase species richness, yet with awareness regarding where the lot occurs within the city.
Vac Sampling arthropod community:The Small Biodiversity Experiment
Biodiversity I (E123), also called the ?small biodiversity experiment,? was designed to determine how the number of species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year that result can be examined. Also, the effects of number of species on carbon and nitrogen in the soil and on the ability of other species to invade can be studied. The experiment contains 147 3 x 3m plots that were randomly allocated 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24 plant species. The particular species in a plot were randomly selected from a set of 24 prairie-grassland species which included seven warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, nine non-legume forbs. Each level of number of species has 20 to 24 replicates. In this experiment not all of the species are in monocultures. The study was established in 1994 by lead investigators David Tilman, David Wedin, Peter Reich, and Johannes Knops. Experiment 123 is similar to Experiment 120, but it uses smaller plots and did not categorize by type of plant species prior to randomizing species to plots. This size of plot in Experiment 123 means that the soils are relatively more homogeneous and the desired number of species can be more easily maintained by frequent hand weeding than with larger plots. However, the small size of plots limits sampling and the nesting of other studies within the plots.
Data from: Experimental demonstration of the importance of keystone communities for maintaining metacommunity biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
<p>As local communities within a metacommunity may differ considerably in their contributions to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, it has been suggested that conservation priority should be given to disproportionately important local communities (i.e., keystone communities). However, we know little about what characterizes a keystone community. Using laboratory protist microcosms as the model system, we examined how the environmental uniqueness and location of a local community affect its contributions to the metacommunities. We found that the removal of local communities with unique environmental conditions, which supported endemic species, reduced regional-scale diversity, qualifying them as regional-scale keystone communities. In addition, the local communities possessing unique environmental conditions had greater impacts on ecosystem functions, including biovolume production and particulate organic matter decomposition. We also found that keystone communities for biovolume production were not keystone for organic matter decomposition, and vice versa. Our study, therefore, demonstrates the important role of keystone communities in maintaining biodiversity and functioning of metacommunities.</p>
Data from: Marine communities on oil platforms in Gabon, West Africa: high biodiversity oases in a low biodiversity environment
The marine biodiversity of Gabon, West Africa has not been well studied and is largely unknown. Our examination of marine communities associated with oil platforms in Gabon is the first scientific investigation of these structures and highlights the unique ecosystems associated with them. A number of species previously unknown to Gabonese waters were recorded during our surveys on these platforms. Clear distinctions in benthic communities were observed between older, larger platforms in the north and newer platforms to the south or closer to shore. The former were dominated by a solitary cup coral, Tubastraea sp., whereas the latter were dominated by the barnacle Megabalanus tintinnabulum, but with more diverse benthic assemblages compared to the northerly platforms. Previous work documented the presence of limited zooxanthellated scleractinian corals on natural rocky substrate in Gabon but none were recorded on platforms. Total estimated fish biomass on these platforms exceeded one ton at some locations and was dominated by barracuda (Sphyraena spp.), jacks (Carangids), and rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata). Thirty-four percent of fish species observed on these platforms are new records for Gabon and 6% are new to tropical West Africa. Fish assemblages closely associated with platforms had distinct amphi-Atlantic affinities and platforms likely extend the distribution of these species into coastal West Africa. At least one potential invasive species, the snowflake coral (Carijoa riisei), was observed on the platforms. Oil platforms may act as stepping stones, increasing regional biodiversity and production but they may also be vectors for invasive species. Gabon is a world leader in terrestrial conservation with a network of protected areas covering >10% of the country. Oil exploration and biodiversity conservation currently co-exist in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in Gabon. Efforts to increase marine protection in Gabon may benefit by including oil platforms in the marine protected area design process.
Data from: A new integrative framework for large-scale assessments of biodiversity and community dynamics, using littoral gastropods and crabs of British Columbia, Canada
Improving our understanding of species responses to environmental changes is an important contribution ecologists can make to facilitate effective management decisions. Novel synthetic approaches to assessing biodiversity and ecosystem integrity are needed, ideally including all species living in a community and the dynamics defining their ecological relationships. Here we present and apply an integrative approach that links high-throughput, multi-character taxonomy with community ecology. The overall purpose is to enable the coupling of biodiversity assessments with investigations into the nature of ecological interactions in a community-level data set. We collected 1,195 gastropods and crabs in British Columbia. First, the General mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) and the Poisson Tree Processes (PTP) methods for proposing primary species-hypotheses based on cox1 sequences were evaluated against an integrative taxonomic framework. We then used data on the geographic distribution of delineated species to test species co-occurrence patterns for non-randomness using community-wide and pairwise approaches. Results showed that PTP generally outperformed GMYC and thus constitutes a more effective option for producing species-hypotheses in community-level datasets. Non-random species co-occurrence patterns indicative of ecological relationships or habitat preferences were observed for grazer gastropods, whereas assemblages of opportunistic omnivorous gastropods and crabs appeared influenced by random processes. Species-pair associations were consistent with current ecological knowledge, thus suggesting that applying community assembly within a large taxonomical framework constitutes a valuable tool for assessing ecological interactions. Combining phylogenetic, morphological and co-occurrence data enabled an integrated view of communities, providing both a conceptual and pragmatic framework for biodiversity assessments and investigations into community dynamics.
Figure 8 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 8. Vegetation predictors of the pimpline community across traps (n = 30). (a) Epiphyte density against log richness; (b) herb ground cover against the log of inverse Simpson's Index of Diversity;
Figure 7 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 7. Pimplinae community composition, as measured by the first axis of a Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS1, see Figure 6) across sampling sites (n = 15), against the first Principal Component (PC1) of the habitat variables at those sites (see Table 4). The line is the linear regression (±95% CI in gray). The figure demonstrates that pimpline community composition is very strongly associated with differences in habitat characteristics across sites.
Figure 6 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 6. An ordination using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the pimpline community at the site level. Black numbers and points indicate the 15 sampling sites, going from the bottom of the mountain (1) to the top (15). Species are in gray, small lettering.
Figure 4 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 4. Pimplinae wasp community metrics against elevation (altitude) across 30 traps. (a) Abundance; (b) Log10 Species Richness; (c) Log10 Simpson's Index (1/D); and (d) Shannon Index. Lines are the equations of the polynomial linear model in Table 2 with the lowest AICc, ±95%CI; (a,b): cubic models (c,d): quadratic models.
Figure 2 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 2. Some of the Pimplinae wasp species sampled (all are females). (a) Dolichomitus megalourus (scale bar 4 mm), 10 individuals sampled; (b) Neotheronia charli (scale bar 1 mm), 24 individuals sampled; (c) Neotheronia sp. 6 (scale bar 1 mm), 26 individuals sampled; (d) Pimpla caerulea (scale bar 1 mm), 447 individuals sampled; (e) Polysphincta organensis (scale bar 2 mm), 19 individuals sampled; and (f) Polysphincta teresa (scale bar 2 mm), 8 individuals sampled.
Figure 3 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 3. Species richness of pimplines against sampling intensity. (a) Estimates of total species richness against number of traps sampled (filled circles: observed data; open circles: bootstrap; diamonds: first-order jackknife; triangles: Chao; squares: second-order jackknife); (b) site-level rarefaction (±SD); (c) trap-level rarefaction (±SD); (d) mean individual-level rarefaction for the whole data (top line) and altitudinally-zoned subsets (from top to bottom, 332–549 m, 703–887 m, 952–1071 m, 110–150 m, and 1236–1482 m, which are superimposed, 1649–1812 m and 1935–2169 m), points are literature-based data covering the same span of sampling intensities for comparison from [45]. Note the log scale on the y-axis.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.