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787 results for “community composition”
VIR01 Effects of invertebate and vertebrate herbivory on tallgrass prairie plant community composition and biomass, Konza Prairie LTER
The effects of herbivores and their interactions with nutrient availability on primary production and plant community composition in grassland systems is expected to vary with herbivore type. Although nutrient additions are known to affect plant species diversity and primary productivity, the role of herbivores in mediating the strength of these effects also remains unclear. Herbivores may alter plant responses to nutrient additions in several ways. First, herbivores can alter the plant community response to nutrient additions by either selectively feeding on particular groups of species (e.g. grasses versus forbs) or by generally opening up space, allowing for species turnover and immigration. Second, feeding by herbivores may reduce the production response to nutrient additions if the plants cannot compensate for tissue lost to herbivory. As the functional effects of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores on plant community composition and production may vary, the interactive effects of vertebrate versus invertebrate herbivores with nutrient additions may also vary. Here we are experimentally assessing the independent and interactive effects of removing vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores on aboveground biomass and plant community composition in native tallgrass prairie. Further, we are examining whether the removal of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores interacts with nutrient availability. By doing this, we address three related questions: 1) what is the relative strength of the effects of invertebrate versus vertebrate herbivory in a grassland system; 2) how does herbivory (invertebrate and/or vertebrate) affect the relative abundances of grasses and forbs, the two dominant plant functional types within the ecosystem; and 3) what are the consequences of these changes in composition for aboveground net primary productivity, an important ecosystem function?
Alpine soil islands plant and soil microbial community composition, 2024.
High alpine ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate-driven change, with vegetation expansion increasingly observed in historically barren soils. In late August and early September 2024, we revisited 50 previously established vegetation plots in Green Lakes Valley (Niwot Ridge LTER) to evaluate patterns of plant colonization and community change over time. Using legacy vegetation data from 2008 and 2015, we assessed changes in plant cover and composition in relation to microtopography and prior plant occurrence. Concurrently, we collected soil samples for 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbial communities associated with these plots. Vegetation was resampled using spatially referenced 1-meter radius surveys, estimating species incidence and cover and documenting moss, lichen, sedge, and grass diversity. Together, these above- and belowground data provide insight into how priority effects, fine-scale environmental variation, and plant–microbe interactions influence alpine community dynamics, and may inform predictive models of ecosystem responses to ongoing climatic shifts.
Exploring mechanisms that affect coral cooperation: symbiont transmission mode, cell density and community composition
<p>This repository contains code to accompany the manuscript titled</p> <p><strong>Exploring mechanisms that affect coral cooperation: symbiont transmission mode, cell density and community composition</strong></p> <p>by <strong>Carly D. Kenkel and Line K. Bay</strong><br> </p> <p>In this study, we used a phylogenetically controlled design to investigate the role of vertical symbiont transmission, an evolutionary mechanism predicted to enhance cooperation and holobiont fitness of reef-building corals. Six species of coral, three vertical transmitters and their closest horizontally transmitting relatives, were fragmented and subjected to a two-week thermal stress experiment. Symbiont cell density, photosynthetic function and translocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon between symbionts and hosts were quantified to assess changes in physiological metrics of fitness and cooperation. Amplicon sequencing of the <em>Symbiodinium</em> ITS-2 locus was used to investigate differences in symbiont community composition among focal species. We did not observe universally higher levels of cooperation in vertically transmitting species. However, the reduction in cooperation at the onset of bleaching was marginally associated with symbiont community diversity. Analysis of ITS2 amplicon sequence data suggest that it may not be vertical transmission <em>per se</em> that influences host-symbiont cooperation, but genetic uniformity of the symbiont community.</p> <p>Repository contents:</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>TraitDataAnalysis.R:</strong> Annotated R script for generating figures and re-creating statistical analyses</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>RsquaredGLMM.R:</strong> Accessory R script for running RsquaredGLMM analyses, called by <strong>TraitDataAnalysis.R</strong></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>NSF_RunningPam.csv</strong>: Input file for statistical analysis. Contains photophysiological data. Column headers are as follows:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Tank: Number of experimental tank in which experimental coral fragment was held</p> </li> <li> <p>Treatment: short-hand notation for sample treatments (e.g. ctrl1-5 = control temperature, genotypes 1-5)</p> </li> <li> <p>Water: source sump for temperature controlled water jackets for each set of treatment tanks</p> </li> <li> <p>Position: numerical rack position of coral fragment within experimental treatment tank</p> </li> <li> <p>Species: Coral species (Amil=<em>A. millepora</em>, Maqe=<em>M. aequituberculata</em>, Gast=<em>G. astreata</em>, Gach=<em>G. acrhelia</em>, Plob=<em>P. lobata</em>, Gcol=<em>G. columna</em>)</p> </li> <li> <p>Genotype: source colony origin of individual coral fragments within species</p> </li> <li> <p>Temp: experimental temperature treatment (ctrl: 27°C ; heat: 31°C)</p> </li> <li> <p>Treat: whether experimental corals received C14-labeled bicarbonate (bicarb), artemia or were sampled separately for Gene Expression Analysis (not presented in this manuscript)</p> </li> <li> <p>EQY: Effective quantum yield of <em>Symbiodinium</em> photosystem II as measured using PAM fluorometry</p> </li> <li> <p>Date: Actual calendar date of measure</p> </li> <li> <p>Transmission: coral symbiont transmission mode</p> </li> <li> <p>Reef: reef site of original coral collection</p> </li> <li> <p>Date: experimental date of measure</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>TraitData.csv:</strong> Input file for statistical analysis. Contains all physiological trait data.</p> <ul> <li> <p>Includes columns as described above for the Running_Pam file in addition to columns containing raw trait data as described in the manuscript.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>TraitData_DaysAsCols.csv:</strong> Reformatted input file with trait data split by sampling day across columns</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>DADA2Analysis.R:</strong> Annotated R script for generating figures and running ITS2 amplicon analyses</p> <ul> <li> <p>GeoSymbio_ITS2_LocalDatabase_verForPhyloseq.fasta: FASTA file of the GeoSymbio ITS2 reference database <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/geosymbio/">https://sites.google.com/site/geosymbio/</a>, formatted for use with the R prograom Phyloseq</p> </li> <li> <p>SeqVars_6Feb.fasta: FASTA file of identified sequence variants resulting from DADA2 analysis</p> </li> <li> <p>OutputDADA_6Feb.csv: Counts of sequence variants by sample</p> </li> <li> <p>Raw FASTQ paired end read files can be downloaded from NCBI's SRA: PRJNA338365</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Structure and composition and carbon Stocks of woody plant community in assisted and unassisted ecological succession in a Tamaulipan thornscrub, Mexico
<p>In November of 2017, the structure and composition of woody plant communities were investigated through a floristic composition and diversity evaluation on three areas: a control area, an assisted ecological succession area and an unassisted ecological succession area.</p>
Fruit-feeding butterfly community data analysed in "Recovery patterns in community composition of fruit-feeding butterflies following 26 years of active forest restoration"
<p>Community data of fruit-feeding butterflies collected from Kibale National Park, Uganda, in the periods 2011-2012 and 2020-2021 analysed in our paper Korkiatupa et al. 2023: "Recovery patterns in community composition of fruit-feeding butterflies following 26 years of active forest restoration" (<em>Ecosphere</em> <span>14</span>(<span>5</span>): e4514. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4514">https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4514</a>).</p> <p>The table consists of two parts. First part shows counts of individuals of butterfly species in each study site. Second part shows the metadata: code of studysite, census (2011-2012/2020-2021), planting year (planting year or "Primary forest"), and coordinates (WGS 84 coordinate system).</p>
European river typologies fail to capture trends in diatom, fish, and macrophyte community composition
<p>This repository contains files related to the publication: "European river typologies fail to capture trends in diatom, fish, and macrophyte community composition".</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Pathogen community composition and co-infection patterns in a wild community of rodents
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>Rodents are major reservoirs of pathogens that can cause disease in humans and livestock. It is therefore important to know what pathogens naturally circulate in rodent populations, and to understand the factors that may influence their distribution in the wild. Here, we describe the incidence and distribution patterns of a range of endemic and zoonotic pathogens circulating among rodent communities in northern France. The community sample consisted of 713 rodents, including 11 host species from diverse habitats. Rodents were screened for virus exposure (hantaviruses, cowpox virus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus) using antibody assays. Bacterial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of splenic samples. Multiple correspondence (MCA), regression and association screening (SCN) analyses were used to determine the degree to which extrinsic factors contributed to pathogen community structure, and to identify patterns of associations between pathogens within hosts. We found a rich diversity of bacterial genera, with 36 known or suspected to be pathogenic. We revealed that host species is the most important determinant of pathogen community composition, and that hosts that share habitats can have very different pathogen communities. Pathogen diversity and co-infection rates also vary among host species. Aggregation of pathogens responsible for zoonotic diseases suggests that some rodent species may be more important for transmission risk than others. Moreover we detected positive associations between several pathogens, including <em>Bartonella</em>, <em>Mycoplasma</em> species, Cowpox virus (CPXV) and hantaviruses, and these patterns were generally specific to particular host species. Altogether, our results suggest that host and pathogen specificity is the most important driver of pathogen community structure, and that interspecific pathogen-pathogen associations also depend on host species.</p> <p><strong>FILE DESCRIPTION:</strong></p> <p><strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the 16Sv4 rRNA gene from spleen rodent samples</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the FASTQ files of the paired-end reads (R1: reads 1; R2: reads 2) produced for each spleen rodent sample using the MiSeq platform. The 749 multiplexed PCR products were indexed using both forward and reverse indices. Information of the multiplexed samples (<em>n</em>=363 in replicate) and positive (<em>n</em>= 6) & negative controls (<em>n</em>= 17) is provided in the following XLSX file titled: 16S_raw_abundance_data.xlsx</p> <p>File name: <strong>MiSeq raw sequences of the V4 region 16S rRNA gene.zip</strong></p> <p><strong>Raw input and output files generated by the mothur program</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains all the input and output files generated during the MiSeq sequence analysis with the mothur program.</p> <p>File name: <strong>Raw input and output files generated by the mothur program.zip</strong></p> <p><strong>Log file generated by the mothur program</strong></p> <p>This TXT file contains is the history of all the command lines and parameters used during the MiSeq sequence analysis with the mothur program.</p> <p>File name: <strong>mothur.1428506786.logfile</strong></p> <p><strong>Raw abundance table of the 16v4 rRNA gene from spleen rodent samples before data filtering</strong></p> <p>This XLSX file contains the number of reads for each distinct Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) and each of the PCR products, including the 332 spleen rodent samples analyzed in the study and the negative & positive controls, sequenced in the MiSeq run before the data filtering. This file contains also the following information: Study_site, Study_year, Sample_habitat, Host_species, Host_age, Host_sex, PCR_ID and the taxonomic classification (Kingdom to Genus) of each OTU.</p> <p>File name: <strong>16S_raw_abundance_data.xlsx</strong></p> <p><strong>Occurrence table of the 16v4 rRNA gene from spleen rodent samples after data filtering</strong></p> <p>This XLSX file contains the occurrences (presence: 1 ; absence: 0) after data filtering of each putative pathogenic Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) for each of the 332 spleen rodent samples analyzed in the study.</p> <p>File name: <strong>16S_presence_absence_data.xlsx</strong></p> <p><strong>Statistical Analysis Scripts and Data File</strong></p> <p>This ZIP file contains the R scripts for performing statistical analyses reported in the main text and supplemental materials. There is one main file (Analyses.R), as well as two source scripts required for association screening analyses (SCN.txt and FctTestScreenENV.txt). It also includes an R-legible data file containing occurrences (presence: 1 ; absence: 0) for all pathogen exposure variables on which statistical analyses were conducted (PA_DATA.csv) for each of the 332 spleen rodent samples analyzed in the study. The column names for bacterial exposures correspond to the “Pathogen Code” given in the 16S_presence_absence_data.xlsx file.</p> <p>File name: <strong>Statistical Analysis Scripts and Data File.zip</strong></p>
Soil microbial community composition (16S) data from a laboratory redox fluctuation experiment conducted with an Oxisol and Mollisol
To test the response of microbial communities to periodic oxygen limitation, we conducted a laboratory experiment where two contrasting soils (a rainforest Oxisol from Puerto Rico, and an Iowa cropland Mollisol) were incubated under headspace treatments where oxygen availability varied cyclically over time. Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, 8, or 12 d of anoxic conditions (dinitrogen headspace) followed by 4 d of oxic conditions (i.e., ambient oxygen concentrations), and these treatments were repeated for a total of 384 d. At 0, 48, and 384 days, DNA was extracted from replicates from each treatment for sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Companion biogeochemical measurements from this experiment were published previously by Huang et al. (2021a,b). These data support the Hall et al. (2022) manuscript published in Frontiers in Microbiology.
FRAME (FoRests Among Managed Ecosystems) – Plant community and seed bank composition in forests, Philadelphia metropolitan area, USA, 2017-2019
Our study objectives were to conduct a Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) removal experiment in three forest sites experiencing different invasion intensities and to restore native plant biodiversity while preventing secondary invasion. The study was conducted in and around Newark, DE, from 2017-2019, and data collection is complete. We utilized three management strategies: invasive plant removal, removal followed by native seed addition, and removal plus native seed and mulched invasive stem addition. We investigated the similarity between seed bank species composition and existing vegetation before and after removal to assess the potential for passive restoration. Two seasons after removal, we found that simply removing rose increased native species richness, Native Floristic Quality Assessment (FQAIN), and native shrub abundance in our medium invasion site, and total species richness in our low and medium invasion sites. Compared to removal alone, native seed addition, with and without mulch addition, resulted in larger native and total species richness and FQAIN increases at all sites, larger increases in native shrub abundance and exotic species richness in our medium invasion site, and larger reductions in exotic and total shrub abundance in our low and medium invasion sites. Following removal, species similarity between seed bank and vegetation improved for all three sites. Our results indicate that removal of Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) alone increased native plant biodiversity in the medium invasion scenario, but the seed bank may not provide a large native species pool. Additional management strategies lead to improved outcomes, especially in our most invaded forest, demonstrating the need to conduct multiple plant removal treatments across forests with varying site conditions and plant invasion intensity to improve management recommendations.
Compiled long-term community composition datasets of primary producers and consumers in both freshwater and terrestrial communities
This data package consists of two files to study long-term changes in communities across a range of systems (freshwater and terrestrial) and organism types (from short-lived (sub annual) to long-lived species) that are both primary producers and consumers. We compiled many datasets from publicly available archives (41 datasets are from 14 LTER sites). All datasets must have had a measure of species level abundance to calculate more derived community ecological metrics beyond species richness. These data can be used to study community dynamics over space and time.
Community composition, richness, and density of endobionts from two sponge species in Crete, Greece, June 2021
These data was collected as part of a study titled "The “Single Hotel” hypothesis – Does sponge abundance affect endobionts’ diversity?" that was conducted in the island of Crete, Greece in June 2021. It includes collection of 30 sponge specimens of the common species (Agelas oroides and Sarcotragus foetidus) via SCUBA diving, their dissection and removal and identification of all endobionts living withing them (macroinvertebrates). The diversity of endobionts was then calculated and correlated with sponge properites (such as volume), and the sponges area and site of collection.
Spatiotemporal Assessment and Composition of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Bermejo River Basin in the Ecuadorian Amazonia
The information includes biotic and ecological index data of benthic macroinvertebrates collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region. The biotic indexes are taxonomic abundance, richness, evenness, diversity, and dominance. The ecological indexes refer to the ecological water quality as determined by pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrates. The datasets also include physicochemical parameters for water quality determination. The dataset has been completed,; however, it may be updated if new information is generated.
Data from "Grassland woody plant management rapidly changes woody vegetation persistence and abiotic habitat conditions but not herbaceous community composition"
These files contain microhabitat, soil, vegetation structure, and woody plant species data used in the paper "Grassland woody plant management rapidly changes woody vegetation persistence and abiotic habitat conditions but not herbaceous community composition". The project was conducted at seven publicly accessible remnant (i.e., unplowed or old-growth) tallgrass prairie within 100 miles of Madison, Wisconsin, United States starting in the 2020 growing season and commencing following the 2022 growing season. The goal was to assess the initial effects of different management interventions on woody vegetation persistence, abiotic habitat conditions, and herbaceous community composition, including physical and chemical management interventions and their combination.
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Stream biofilm bacterial community composition
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study stream biofilm bacterial community composition was obtained from 8 long-term sampling network sites in and near the Gwynns Falls watershed to examine how bacterial communities differ along an urban-rural gradient. Sampling was conducted at the same time as stream chemistry sampling on 18 June 2014 and 21 Oct 2014. Note: biofilm samples were taken about 50 meters east from the Carroll Park monitoring station, just under the I95 highway overpass, due to high water depth, high water flow, and lack of rock substrates for sampling. This dataset presents the number of sequences matching the taxonomic classifications in a reference database of 16S rRNA genes. See the full metadata record for detailed methods.
Ectomycorrhizal community composition associated with Nothofagus pumilio seedlings harvested from Variable Retention treatments at Los Cerros Ranch, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
This dataset contains data on Nothofagus pumilio seedlings sampled from a Variable Retention (VR) managed forest in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina seven years after harvesting. We evaluated the effects of a VR timber management system on the EMF community associated with N. pumilio seedlings. We quantified the abundance, composition, and diversity of EMF across aggregate (AR) and dispersed retention (DR) sites within a VR managed area and compared them to primary forest (PF) stands. EMF assemblage and taxonomic identities were determined by ITS-rDNA sequencing of individual root tips sampled from 280 seedlings across three landscape replicates of each VR treatment. To better understand seedling performance, we tested the relationships between fungal colonization, fungal taxonomic composition, seedling biomass, and VR treatment across our study sites. This data was collected as a comparative component to a larger project understanding the effect of mycorrizhae on seedling success after various disturbances such as logging and fire that was ongoing at the Bonanza Creek LTER and other arctic locations.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Natural Enemies, Plant Diversity and Plant Community Composition
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in a subset of plots within the Big Biodiversity field, including monoculture, 2-species, 4-species, 8-species, 16-species, and 32-species plots. There are 5 different treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, the combination of all pesticides, and nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant aboveground biomass data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant aboveground biomass data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Instantenous rates of ecosystem carbon fluxes: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Figure 2 in Comparison of the species composition of Gamasina mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata) in selected caves of the Kraków-Cz stochowa Upland (southern Poland) and their immediate surroundings
Figure 2. Diagram of the correspondence analysis (CA) for the sampling sites. The diagram shows only the most important species (for abbreviations see Table 1).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.