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325 results for “community response”
Thermal tolerance in Drosophila: repercussions for distribution, community coexistence and responses to climate change
<p>Here we combined controlled experiments and field surveys to determine if estimates of heat tolerance predict distributional ranges and phenology of different Drosophila species in southern South America. </p> <p>We contrasted thermal death time curves, which consider both magnitude and duration of the challenge to estimate heat tolerance, against the thermal range where populations are viable based on field surveys in an 8-yr longitudinal study. </p> <p>We observed a strong correspondence of the physiological limits, the thermal niche for population growth, and the geographic ranges across studied species, which suggests that the thermal biology of different species provides a common currency to understand how species will respond to warming temperatures both at a local level and throughout their distribution range. </p> <p>Our approach represents a novel analytical toolbox to anticipate how natural communities of ectothermic organisms will respond to global warming.</p>
Data for manuscript: Ecological lags govern the pace and outcome of plant community responses to 21st century climate change
<p>These data were used in the analyses reported in Block et al. "Ecological lags govern the pace and outcome of plant community responses to 21st century climate change".</p>
Stability of rocky intertidal communities in response to species removal varies across spatial scales
<p>Improving our understanding of stability across spatial scales is crucial in the current scenario of biodiversity loss. Still, most empirical studies of stability target small scales. Here we experimentally removed the local space-dominant species (macroalgae, barnacles, or mussels) at eight sites spanning more than 1000 km of coastline in north- and south-central Chile, and quantified the relationship between area (the number of aggregated sites) and stability in aggregate community variables (total cover) and taxonomic composition. Resistance, recovery, and invariability increased nonlinearly with area in both functional and compositional domains. Yet, the functioning of larger areas achieved a better, albeit still incomplete, recovery than composition. Compared with controls, smaller disturbed areas tended to overcompensate in terms of total cover. These effects were related to enhanced available space for recruitment (resulting from the removal of the dominant species), and to increasing beta diversity and decaying community-level spatial synchrony (resulting from increasing area). This study provides experimental evidence for the pivotal role of spatial scale in the ability of ecosystems to resist and recover from chronic disturbances. This knowledge can inform further ecosystem restoration and conservation policies.</p>
Data and scripts for: Idiosyncratic responses to biotic and environmental filters in wood-inhabiting fungal communities
<p>These files include the data, the scripts, and the pipeline for bioinformatic analyses for reproducing the results presented in the manuscript "<em>Idiosyncratic responses to biotic and environmental filters in wood-inhabiting fungal communities</em>".</p> <p>Description of the files can be found from the README.docx file.</p>
Data from: Species richness and evenness of European bird communities show differentiated responses to measures of productivity
<p>Understanding patterns of species diversity is crucial for ecological research and conservation, and this understanding may be improved by studying patterns in the two components of species diversity, species richness and evenness of abundance of species. Variation in species richness and evenness has previously been linked to variation in total abundance of communities as well as productivity gradients. Exploring both components of species diversity is essential because these components could be unrelated or driven by different mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between species richness and evenness in European bird communities along an extensive latitudinal gradient. We examined their relationships with latitude and Net Primary Productivity, which determines energy and matter availability for heterotrophs, as well as their responses to territory densities (i.e., the number of territories per area) and community biomass (i.e., the bird biomass per area). We applied a multivariate Poisson log-normal distribution to unique long-term, high-quality time-series data, allowing us to estimate species richness of the community as well as the variance of this distribution, which acts as an inverse measure of evenness. Evenness in the distribution of abundance of species in the community was independent of species richness. Species richness increased with increasing community biomass, as well as with increasing density. Since both measures of abundance were explained by NPP, species richness was partially explained by energy-diversity theory (i.e., the more energy, the more species sustained by the ecosystem). However, species richness did not increase linearly with NPP but rather showed a unimodal relationship. Evenness was not explained either by productivity nor by any of the aspects of community abundance. This study highlights the importance of considering both richness and evenness to gain a better understanding of variation in species diversity. We encourage the study of both components of species diversity in future studies, as well as use of simulation studies to verify observed patterns between richness and evenness.</p>
Data and scripts for Predictable Ecological Response to Rising CO2 of a Community of Marine Phytoplankton
<p>Rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and ocean acidification are fundamentally altering conditions for life of all marine organisms, including phytoplankton. Differences in CO<sub>2</sub> related physiology between major phytoplankton taxa lead to differences in their ability to take up and utilise CO<sub>2</sub>. These differences may cause predictable shifts in the composition of marine phytoplankton communities in response to rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. We report an experiment in which 7 species of marine phytoplankton, belonging to 4 major taxonomic groups (cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, diatoms and coccolithophores) were grown at both ambient (500 µatm) and future (1000 µatm) CO<sub>2</sub> levels. These phytoplankton were grown as individual species, as cultures of pairs of species and as a community assemblage of all seven species in two culture regimes (high-nitrogen batch cultures and lower-nitrogen semi-continuous cultures, though not under nitrogen limitation). All phytoplankton species tested in this study increased their growth rates under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> independent of the culture regime. We also find that, despite species-specific variation in growth response to high CO<sub>2</sub>, the identity of major taxonomic groups provides a good prediction of changes in population growth and competitive ability under high CO<sub>2</sub>. The CO<sub>2</sub>-induced growth response is a good predictor of CO<sub>2</sub>-induced changes in competition (R<sup>2</sup>>0.93) and community composition (R<sup>2</sup>>0.73). This study suggests that it may be possible to infer how marine phytoplankton communities respond to rising CO<sub>2</sub> levels from the knowledge of the physiology of major taxonomic groups, but that these predictions may require further characterisation of these traits across a diversity of growth conditions. These findings must be validated in the context of limitation by other nutrients. Also, in natural communities of phytoplankton, numerous other factors that may all respond to changes in CO2, including nitrogen fixation, grazing and variation in the limiting resource will likely complicate this prediction.</p>
Proxies' response times measured by clients in an emulated community network
<p>13 virtual nodes were deployed in Planetlab testbed (https://www.planet-lab.org) to emulate a small community network with 8 clients and 5 proxies. Each client probed all proxies every 10 seconds during two days. The same file (http://ovh.net/files/1Mb.dat) was requested in all probes. A probe was considered successful if the file was completely downloaded by the client. In this case, the response time was registered by the client, considering the time elapsed from the moment the client sent the request until the last byte of the response was received.</p> <p>This dataset contains the proxies' response times that were measured by clients in sucessful probes.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Functional responses of stream fish communities to rural and urban land uses
FIGURE 3 | Flowchart of analysis. Biomass and dummy traits matrices were combined to produce functional diversity (FD) indices (FRic = functional richness, FEve = functional evenness, FDiv = functional divergence and FDis = functional dispersion) and community weight mean traits (CWM) matrices. The influences of land use/occupation (Soil matrix) over FD indices were evaluated through Pearson's correlations and over CWM through redundance analysis (RDA) and Pearson's correlations.
FIGURE 4 in Functional responses of stream fish communities to rural and urban land uses
FIGURE 4 | Ordination scores of community-weighted means (CWMs) of traits (gray bars) and proportions of land use/occupation (arrows: biplot scores for constraining variables along of the first principal axis of the redundancy analysis – RDA1) applied to 24 streams sampled in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
FIGURE 2 in Functional responses of stream fish communities to rural and urban land uses
FIGURE 2 | Ternary diagram of land use/occupation in the 24 streams sampled in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
FIGURE 1 in Functional responses of stream fish communities to rural and urban land uses
FIGURE 1 | Location of the sampling sites in the 24 streams in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Codes and names of streams in S1.
Figure 5 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 5. Proportions and χ2-test results for the ecological species traits moisture, rarity and ecological tolerance of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods (Arachnida, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae) from extensively and intensively managed hay meadows in South Tyrol, Italy.
Figure 4 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 4. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the full species community of predatory invertebrates, including the two treatments (intensive and extensive) and the two seasons (spring and autumn). Each spot represents one pitfall trap. Spider web centres represent the weighted centroids of each management type.
Figure 3 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 3. Abundance based accumulation curves for predatory arthropods based on Hill numbers N0 and N1 confronting extensively and intensively used montane hay meadows in South Tyrol, Italy.
Figure 2 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 2. The mean (and 95 % confidence interval) activity density (individuals per sampling day), species richness, and exponential Shannon diversity of ground-dwelling predatory arthropods from montane extensively and intensively used hay meadows and two sampling seasons (spring and autumn) in South Tyrol, Italy. No significant effect of management was detected for any biodiversity index.
Figure 1 in Shifts in ground-dwelling predator communities in response to changes in management intensity in Alpine meadows
Figure 1. Maps of the distribution of the six selected hay meadows (EH = extensively used hay meadows; IH = intensively used hay meadows) located in Barbian/Barbiano in the Autonomous Province South Tyrol, Italy.
Experimental heatwaves and warming induce distinctive community responses through their interactions with a novel species
<p>This repository provides the data for the manuscript "experimental heatwaves and warming induce distinctive community responses through their interactions with a novel species"</p> <p>As the climate warms, species shift their distributions at different rates, re-organising ecological communities. The resulting novel interactions will shape the local community’s response to ongoing climate change. The distinction between extreme events and a rising mean temperature in driving range expansion of the neighbouring species has not been examined empirically, nor has the resulting ecological impact propagating through multi-trophic networks been addressed.</p> <p>In this study, we recreated a high-elevation host-parasitoid community comprising Drosophila species and their associated parasitoid species from the Australian Wet Tropics, and subjected them to either heatwaves or warming in combination with the introduction of a low-elevation-specific Drosophila species. This dataset contains three groups of measurements:</p> <p>1. Single-generation reproductive success of each species at various sampling times (about every 3 weeks) throughout the initiation and maintenance of the community.</p> <p>2. Population size of each species before the community was terminated.</p> <p>3. One-day reproductive success of each species before, during, and after the last heatwave event.</p>
Data from: Subtle responses of soil bacterial communities to corn-soybean-wheat rotation
<p>Crop rotational diversity can improve crop productivity and soil health and boost soil microbial diversity. This research hypothesized that a three-year rotation of corn-soybean-wheat (CSW), compared to a two-year corn-soybean (CS) rotation, would result in a more diverse and more complex soil bacterial community, together with a greater abundance of beneficial bacteria. This was evaluated in a replicated experiment established in 2013 at two locations in Ohio (USA). The soil bacterial communities under soybean were compared between CS and CSW, at both studied sites, in 2018 and 2019, through 16S rDNA amplicon metabarcoding. </p>
Interaction matters: Bottom-up driver interdependencies alter the projected response of phytoplankton communities to climate change, links to model results
<p>This dataset provides the output of ten model simulations with the global ocean biogeochemical model FESOM-REcoM necessary to reproduce the findings of Seifert et al. (2023). In addition to information on the mesh, the dataset contains 5-year means of global phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll, net primary production, growth rates, limitations, carbonate system parameters (dissolved inorganic carbon, CO2 partial pressure, total alkalinity), temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and mixed layer depths.</p> <p>File names refer to the figures in the paper where the respective data are used. See “readme” for detailed information on the dataset and separate files.</p>
Data for: Environmental responses of fruiting fungal communities are phylogenetically structured
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Through their ephemeral reproductive structures (fruiting bodies), ectomycorrhizal forest soil fungi provide a resource for a plethora of organisms. Thus, resolving what biotic and abiotic factors determine the occurrence and abundance of fruiting bodies is fundamental for understanding the dynamics of forest trophic networks. While the influence of abiotic factors such as moisture and temperature on fungal fruiting are relatively well established, little is known about how these processes interact with the evolutionary history of fungal species to determine when, where, and in which abundance fungal fruiting bodies will emerge. A specific knowledge gap relates to whether species' responses to their environment are phylogenetically structured. Here, we ask whether related fungal taxa respond similarly to climatic factors and forest habitat characteristics, and whether such correlated responses will affect the assembly of fungal fruiting communities. To resolve these questions, we fitted joint species distribution models combining data on the species composition and abundance of fungal fruiting bodies, environmental variation, and phylogenetic relationships among fungal taxa. Our results show that both site-level forest characteristics (dominant tree species and forest age) and climatic factors related to phenology (effective heat sum) greatly influence the occurrence and abundance of fruiting bodies. More importantly, while different fungal species responded unequally to their shared environment, there was a strong <span>phylogenetic signal in their responses, so that related fungal species tended to fruit under similar environmental conditions. </span>Thus, not only are fruiting bodies short-lived and patchily distributed, but the availability of similar resources will be further aggregated in time and space. These strong constraints on resource availability for fungus-associated taxa highlight the potential of fungus-based networks as a model system for studies on the ecology and evolution of resource–consumer relations in ephemeral systems of high spatiotemporal patchiness.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.