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526 results for “compensation”
Data from: Earlier flowering of winter oilseed rape compensates for higher pest pressure in warmer climates
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Data from: Plasticity cannot fully compensate evolutionary differences in heat tolerance across fish species
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Data for: Behavioural plasticity compensates for adaptive loss of cricket song
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Data from: Evidence for seasonal compensation of hunting mortalities in a long-lived migratory bird
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Data from: Looking for compensation at multiple scales in a wetland bird community
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Data for the publication "Reconciling compensating errors between precipitation constraints and the energy budget in a climate model"
<p>These data are a set of 6yr simulations using the MIROC6-SPRINTARS global aerosol-climate model with different treatments (diagnostic and prognostic) of precipitation under the present-day (PD, aerosol emission at the year 2000) and preindustrial (PI, aerosol emission at the year 1850) conditions.<br> The data are used in the manuscript entitled "Reconciling compensating errors between<br> precipitation constraints and the energy budget in a climate model".</p>
Data for the paper "Experimental evolution of post-ingestive nutritional compensation in response to a nutrient-poor diet"
<p>The geometric framework of nutrition predicts that populations restricted to a single imbalanced diet should evolve post-ingestive nutritional compensation mechanisms bringing the blend of assimilated nutrients closer to physiological optimum. The evolution of such nutritional compensation is thought to be mainly driven by the ratios of major nutrients rather than overall nutritional content of the diet. We report experimental evolution of divergence in post-ingestive nutritional compensation in populations of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> adapted to diets that contained identical imbalanced nutrient ratios but differed in total nutrient concentration. Larvae from "Selected" populations maintained for over 200 generations on a nutrient-poor diet with 1:13.5 protein:carbohydrate ratio showed enhanced assimilation of nitrogen from yeasts and reduced assimilation of carbon from sucrose than "Control" populations evolved on a diet with the same nutrient ratio but 4-fold greater nutrient concentration. Compared to the Controls, the Selected larvae also accumulated less triglycerides relative to protein. This implies that the Selected populations evolved a higher assimilation rate of amino-acids from the poor imbalanced diet and a lower assimilation of carbohydrates than Controls. Thus, the evolution of nutritional compensation may be driven by changes in total nutrient abundance, even if the ratios of different nutrients remain unchanged.</p>
Young frigatebirds learn how to compensate for wind-drift
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Compensating for wind drift can improve goalward flight efficiency in animal taxa, especially amongst those that rely on thermal soaring to travel large distances. Little is known, however, about how animals acquire this ability. The great frigatebird (<i>Fregata minor</i>) exemplifies the challenges of wind drift compensation because it lives a highly pelagic lifestyle, traveling very long distances over the open ocean but without the ability to land on water. Using GPS tracks from fledgling frigatebirds, we followed young frigatebirds from the moment of fledging to investigate whether wind drift compensation was learnt and, if so, what sensory inputs underpinned it. We found that the effect of wind drift reduced significantly with both experience and access to visual landmark cues. Further, we found that the effect of experience on wind drift compensation was more pronounced when birds were out-of-sight of land. Our results suggest that improvement in wind drift compensation is not solely the product of either physical maturation or general improvements in flight control. Instead, we believe it is likely that they reflect how frigatebirds learn to process sensory information so as to reduce wind drift and maintain a constant course during goalward movement. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Mimicry in motion and morphology: do information limitation, trade-offs or compensation relax selection for mimetic accuracy?
<p>Many animals mimic dangerous or undesirable prey as a defence from predators. We would expect predators to reliably and exclusively avoid animals that closely resemble dangerous prey, yet imperfect mimics are common. There have been many hypotheses suggested to explain imperfect mimicry, but comparative tests across multiple mimicry systems are needed to determine which are applicable, and which—if any—represent general principles of imperfect mimicry. We tested four hypotheses on Australian ant mimics and found support for only one of them: the information limitation hypothesis. A predator with incomplete information will be unable to discriminate some poor mimics from their models. We also show that since predators must make decisions while they are learning, they are likely to never sample broadly enough to gain and utilise the full information needed to discriminate poor mimics from their models. We found no evidence that one accurate mimetic trait can compensate for another, or that rapid movement reduces selection pressure for good mimicry. Based on our results, we argue that information limitation is likely to be a general principle behind imperfect mimicry of any complex traits, while interactions between components of mimicry may apply to some mimicry systems but not others.</p>
Data from: Male rock lizards may compensate reproductive costs of an immune challenge affecting sexual signals
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sexual signals can be evolutionarily stable if they are condition dependent or costly to the signaler. One of these costs may be the trade-off between maintaining the immune system and the elaboration of ornaments. Experimental immune challenges in captivity show a reduction in the expression of sexual signals, but it is not clear whether these detrimental effects are important in nature and, more importantly, whether they have reproductive consequences. We designed a field experiment to challenge the immune system of wild male Carpetan rock lizards, Iberolacerta cyreni, with a bacterial antigen (LPS). The immune challenge decreased relative reflectance of UV structural and melanin-dependent sexual coloration in the throat and the lateral ocelli, whereas the carotenoid-dependent dorsal green coloration was not affected. Immune activation also decreased proportions of ergosterol and cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol in femoral secretions. These results support a trade-off between the immune system and both visual and chemical sexual ornaments. Moreover, reproductive success of males, estimated with DNA microsatellites, depended on the expression of some color and chemical traits. However, the immune challenge did not cause overall differences in reproductive success, although it increased with body size/age in control but not in challenged males. This suggests the use of alternative reproductive strategies (e.g. forced matings) in challenged males, particularly in smaller ones. These males might consider that their survival probabilities are low and increase reproductive effort as a form of terminal investment in spite of their "low-quality" sexual signals and potential survival costs.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Contribution of males to brood care can compensate for their food consumption from a shared resource
<p>The sharing of the same food source among parents and offspring can be a driver of the evolution of family life and parental care. However, if all family members desire the same meal, competitive situations can arise, especially if resource depletion is likely. When food is shared for reproduction and the raising of offspring, parents have to decide whether they should invest in self-maintenance or in their offspring and it is not entirely clear how these two strategies are balanced. In the burying beetle <i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>, parents care for their offspring either bi- or uniparentally at a vertebrate carcass as the sole food source. The question of whether biparental care in this species offers the offspring a better environment for development compared with uniparental care has been the subject of some debate. We tested the hypothesis that male contribution to biparental brood care has a beneficial effect on offspring fitness but that this effect can be masked because the male also feeds from the shared resource. We show that a mouse carcass prepared by two <i>Nicrophorus</i> beetles is lighter compared with a carcass prepared by a single female beetle at the start of larval hatching and provisioning. This difference in carcass mass can influence offspring fitness when food availability is limited, supporting our hypothesis. Our results provide new insights into the possible evolutionary pathway of biparental care in this species of burying beetles.</p>
Supplementary material: Modeling and Compensating Temperature-dependent Non-uniformity Noise in IR Microbolometer Cameras
<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Images rendered by uncooled microbolometer-based infrared (IR) cameras are severely degraded by the spatial non-uniformity (NU) noise. The NU noise imposes a fixed-pattern over the true images, and the intensity of the pattern changes with time due to the temperature instability of such cameras. In this paper, we present a novel model and a compensation algorithm for the spatial NU noise and its temperature-dependent variations. The model separates the NU noise into two components: a constant term, which corresponds to a set of NU parameters determining the spatial structure of the noise, and a dynamic term, which scales linearly with the fluctuations of the temperature surrounding the array of microbolometers. We use a black-body radiator and samples of the temperature surrounding the IR array to offline characterize both the constant and the temperature-dependent NU noise parameters. Next, the temperature-dependent variations are estimated online using both a spatially uniform Hammerstein-Wiener estimator and a pixelwise least mean squares (LMS) estimator. We compensate for the NU noise in IR images from two long-wave IR cameras. Results show an excellent non-uniformity correction performance and a root mean square error of less than 0.25◦C, when array’s temperature varies approximately 15◦C.</p>
Erroneous compensation for long-latency feedback delays as origin of Essential Tremor - Dataset
<p>Data associated with the publication "Erroneous compensation for long-latency feedback delays as origin of Essential Tremor" <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.11.575204" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> 10.1101/2024.01.11.575204 </a></p>
Data from: Natural Zeitgebers under temperate conditions cannot compensate for the loss of a functional circadian clock in timing of a vital behavior in Drosophila
<p><span>The adaptive significance of adjusting behavioral activities to the right time of the day seems obvious but is under debate. Our data provides evidence that proper timing of eclosion, a vital behavior of the fruit fly <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, requires a functional molecular clock under quasi-natural conditions. </span></p> <p><span>We compared eclosion profiles and assessed eclosion rhythmicity in wildtype flies (CS) and clock-related mutant strains <em>(per<sup>01</sup></em>, <em>pdf<sup>01</sup></em>, <em>han<sup>5304</sup></em>) under laboratory and outdoor conditions. In the laboratory, flies were entrained in either light-dark cycle (LD12:12) or warm (25°C)-cold (16°C) cycle (WC12:12), and tested under entrainment or constant conditions using TriKinetics Drosophila Eclosion Monitors. For outdoor assays, a WEclMon system was used and experiments were performed between July-Octobre 2014 and July-Octobre 2016. </span></p> <p><span>Flies with a defective molecular clock showed impaired rhythmicity and gating under natural temperate conditions in Würzburg/Germany even in the presence of a full complement of abiotic Zeitgebers. We also found that eclosion rhythmicity cannot be entrained by daily cycles in relative humidity. Low relative humidity also did not or only weakly affect the ability of the flies to eclose and unfold their wings.</span></p> <p><span>Our results suggest that the presence of natural Zeitgebers is not sufficient, and a functional molecular clock is required to induce stable temporal eclosion patterns in flies under temperate conditions with considerable day-today variation in light intensity and temperature. Temperate Zeitgebers are, however, sufficient to functionally rescue a loss of PDF-signalling.</span></p> <p><span>The data set belongs to the publication:</span></p> <p><em><span>Ruf F, Mitesser O, Mungwa ST, Horn M, Rieger D, Hovestadt T, and Wegener C (2021) Natural Zeitgebers Under Temperate Conditions Cannot Compensate for the Loss of a Functional Circadian Clock in Timing of a Vital Behavior in Drosophila. </span>Journal of Biological Rhythms 36: 271–285. DOI: 10.1177/0748730421998112.</em></p>
Stimulation, reduction and compensation growth, and variable phenological responses to spring and/or summer-autumn warming in Corylus taxa and Cornus sanguinea L.
<p>Two datasets containing data from three Corylus taxa (Corylus avellana, Corylus maxima and intermediate forms) and from Cornus sanguinea. Plants, in a common garden setting, were subjected to a periodic warming experiment in a greenhouse environment in 2018. </p>
Application of an improved calibration flight scheme in aeromagnetic interference compensation
<p><span>In aeromagnetic measurement, accurate compensation for the interference magnetic field generated by the aircraft platform due to the aircraft maneuvering in the Earth's magnetic field is an important prerequisite for the accurate indentification of the magnetic anomaly signal of the detection target. The flaws of the traditional calibration flight scheme in aeromagnetic interference compensation are firstly analyzed, and then an improved scheme is proposed, featuring smaller calibration flight areas, more simplified maneuvers, shorter flight route and less influence from the magnetometer's direction. The improved scheme can enhance the robustness of the aeromagnetic interference compensation matrix, and improve the compensation efficiency, and thus both the solved magnetic compensation coefficients and compensation effects are significantly improved. The experimental results of aeromagnetic interference compensation in an area of Inner Mongolia of China show that the average accuracy of the repeated survey lines, which are compensated by the improved scheme, can be increased by 5 nT and 3 nT, respectively, compared with the uncompensated results and the results compensated by the traditional scheme. Therefore, the effectiveness and superiority of the improved calibration flight scheme is fully proved.</span></p>
Data archive for the publication: Multi-variable compensated quantum yield measurements of upconverting nanoparticles with high dynamic range: a systematic approach
<p>The two compressed repositories contain raw and analysed data for the following publication on Optics Express: <strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.452874">Multi-variable compensated quantum yield measurements of upconverting nanoparticles with high dynamic range: a systematic approach</a></strong></p> <p>The code for processing and analysing these data is available on GitHub and it has its own DOI. </p> <p>To access the code and for instructions on how to run the it follow the link: <a href="https://github.com/Biophotonics-Tyndall/QY-System-paper">Biophotonics-Tyndall/QY-System-paper (github.com)</a>. </p>
Warming may extend tree growing seasons and compensate for reduced carbon uptake during dry periods
<p>1. Warming and drought alter plant phenology, photosynthesis and growth with important consequences for the global carbon cycle and the earth's climate. Yet, few studies have attempted to tease apart their effects on tree phenology, particularly leaf senescence, and on source and sink activity.</p> <p>2. We experimentally assessed the single and combined effects of warming and reduced soil moisture on the phenology (leaf-out and senescence date, growing season length) and aboveground sink (height and diameter growth, leaf area and Huber values) and source activity (net photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll concentration and total carbon (C) uptake) of two tree species with distinct strategies to deal with drought: European beech and pubescent oak.</p> <p>3. Warming advanced leaf-out, irrespective of soil moisture levels, particularly in oak and to a lower extent in beech, leading to a prolonged growing season in oak but not beech. No impacts of warming on senescence timing were found for both species. Reduced moisture had little impact on the phenology of both species. Warming-induced advances in phenology and higher photosynthetic efficiency increased the annual C uptake for oak and compensated for the reduced photosynthetic activity in the presence of reduced moisture. Conversely, for beech, source activity, including yearly C uptake, was lower in all treatments than the control, indicating no compensation of the C budget by phenological shifts.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that a warming-driven earlier activity and higher photosynthetic efficiency compensates for reduced photosynthesis during hot and dry periods, but only for pubescent oak, which is a rather drought tolerant species. Current predictions of warming-induced mitigation effects through extended C uptake seem incorrect for beech. --</p>
Finite element models from: Mechanical compensation in the evolution of the early hominin feeding apparatus
<p>Australopiths, a group of hominins from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa, are characterized by derived traits in their crania hypothesized to strengthen the facial skeleton against feeding loads and increase the efficiency of bite force production. The crania of robust australopiths are further thought to be stronger and more efficient than those of gracile australopiths. Results of prior mechanical analyses have been broadly consistent with this hypothesis, but here we show that the predictions of the hypothesis with respect to mechanical strength are not met: some gracile australopith crania are as strong as that of a robust australopith, and the strength of gracile australopith crania overlaps substantially with that of chimpanzee crania. We hypothesize that the evolution of cranial traits that increased the efficiency of bite force production in australopiths may have simultaneously weakened the face, leading to the compensatory evolution of additional traits that reinforced the facial skeleton. The evolution of facial form in early hominins can therefore be thought of as a trade-off between the need to increase the efficiency of bite force production and the need to maintain the structural integrity of the face. This may have implications for interpreting cranial form in other vertebrates.</p>
Data and Codes: Marmosets mutually compensate for differences in rhythms when coordinating vigilance
<p>Data and codes accompanying the article titled "Marmosets mutually compensate for differences in rhythms when coordinating vigilance".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.