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1,566 results for “definition”
Pond data: physical, chemical, and biological characteristics with scientific and United States of America state definitions from literature and legislative surveys
Ponds are often identified by their small size and shallow depths, but the lack of a universal definition hampers science and weakens legal protection. In order to determine a working definition of ‘pond’, we conducted a literature search for scientific definitions, a U.S. state survey for management definitions, and looked at pond ecosystem function using data from the literature search. Our dataset includes physical, chemical, and biological data for 1327 waterbodies ≤ 20 ha in surface area and ≤ 9 m in maximum or mean depth from our literature review. These data have a global distribution, we include a table of latitudes and longitudes, and span many years (1946-2019). We have also included a table of 54 pond definitions from the literature review and a table of U.S. state definitions of ponds, wetlands, and lakes resulting from our survey.
SBC LTER: Spatial definitions of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) patches in southern and central California
These data describe the spatial definitions of patches of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in central and southern California, USA, using a 27-year time series of giant kelp canopy biomass from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery (1984-2011). Giant kelp patches were delineated using a spatial synchrony-based method that avoids the consolidation of adjacent, independently fluctuating local populations into "megapatches". The method uses a network theory modularity approach to optimally cluster Landsat pixels into patches based on suitable habitat area (i.e., all areas containing giant kelp, 1984-2011) and the spatial synchrony of canopy biomass. These data were described in Cavanaugh, K. C., D. A. Siegel, P. T. Raimondi, and F. A. Alberto. 2014. Patch definition in metapopulation analysis: a graph theory approach to solve the mega-patch problem. Ecology 95:316-328. doi:10.1890/13-0221.1
European maritime region definition
<p>With the increasing share of the installed Renewable Sources (RES) capacity, evaluating the effect of renewable energy on the energy supply is a very important issue which is addressed in several climate services projects such as C3S-Energy, Clim2power or C3S-ECEM. Prospective analysis are generally made at regional level (e.g. TIMES model) and it is becoming a standard practice to aggregate gridded RES power generation data into aggregated values at NUTS1 or NUTS2 level. This approach raises an issue for the consideration of the offshore wind energy as well as other Marine Renewable Energies (MRE) since there is to the best of our knowledge no commonly accepted region definition corresponding to the NUTS boundaries for the maritime area.</p>
FIG. 13 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 13. — Inner ear of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp. Semitransparent skull for orientation, showing location of left and right bony labyrinth, with inset showing enlarged right inner ear. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 11 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 11. — Vertebrae: A, posterior trunk vertebra (precloacal vertebra number 200) of Lichanura trivirgata SMF-PH 21; B, posterior trunk vertebra of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp.; C-E, anterior, middle and distal caudal vertebrae of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp.; F, distal caudal vertebra of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332. Views: dorsal, ventral, left lateral, anterior, posterior. Scale bar: A, F, 2 mm; B-E, 1 mm.
FIG. 12 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 12. — Phylogenetic relationships of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp.: A, strict consensus of 176 equally most-parsimonious trees; bootstrap percentages>50% are shown above branches; B, majority-rule consensus of 15 000 trees from standard Bayesian analysis. Posterior probabilities are shown above branches.
FIG. 9 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 9. — Dentary: A-D, left dentary of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal, ventral, lateral, and medial views, respectively; E-G, left dentary of Eryx johnii BM 1930.5.8.31 in dorsal, lateral, and medial views, respectively; H-J, left dentary of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332 in dorsal, lateral, and medial views, respectively. Scale bar: A-D, 1 mm; E-J, 2 mm.
FIG. 7 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 7. — Pterygoid: A, B, left pterygoid of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal and ventral views, respectively; C, D, right pterygoid of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal and ventral views, respectively; E, F, left pterygoid of Eryx johnii BM 1930.5.8.31 in dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G, H, left pterygoid of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332 in dorsal and ventral views, respectively. Scale bar: A-D, 1 mm; E-H, 2 mm.
FIG. 8 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 8. — Ectopterygoid: A-D, left ectopterygoid of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal, ventral, lateral, and medial views, respectively; E, F, right ectopterygoid (mirrored) of Eryx jayakari BM 1909.10.15.8 in dorsal and ventral views, respectively; G-I, left ectopterygoid of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332 in dorsal, ventral, and medial views, respectively. Scale bar: A-D, 1 mm; E-I, 2 mm.
FIG. 6 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 6. — Prootic: A-C, left prootic of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in lateral, medial, and ventral views, respectively. A small portion of the parietal is probably artifactually associated here (blurred), but a more precise separation is not possible; D-F, left prootic of Eryx johnii BM 1930.5.8.31 in lateral, medial, and ventral views, respectively; G-I, left prootic of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332 in lateral, medial, and ventral views, respectively. Scale bar: A-C, 1 mm; D-I, 2 mm.
FIG. 4 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 4. — Frontal: A-D, left frontal of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal, ventral, lateral, and anterior views, respectively; E-H, left frontal of Eryx johnii BM 1930.5.8.31 in dorsal, ventral, lateral, and anterior views, respectively; I-L, left frontal of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332 in dorsal, ventral, lateral, and anterior views, respectively. Scale bar: A-D, 1 mm; E-L, 2 mm.
FIG. 1 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 1. — HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp.: A, photograph of whole specimen; B, photograph of skull (coated with ammonium chloride) in dorsal view; C, 3D rendering of skull, based on CT scan, in ventral view; D, photograph of tail (coated with ammonium chloride) in roughly dorsal view; E, 3D rendering of tail, based on CT scan, in roughly ventral view. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B-E, 1 cm.
FIG. 3 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 3. — Nasal: A-E, left nasal of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and lateral views, respectively; F-J, left nasal of Eryx johnii BM 1930.5.8.31 in dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and lateral views, respectively; K-O, united left and right nasals of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332 in dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and lateral views, respectively. Scale bar: A-E, 1 mm; F-O, 2 mm.
FIG. 5 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 5. — Parabasisphenoid: A-C, parabasisphenoid of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal, ventral, and left lateral views, respectively. Portions of the parietal that articulated with the basisphenoid wings are probably artifactually associated here (blurred), but a more precise separation is not possible; D-F, parabasisphenoid of Eryx johnii BM 1930.5.8.31 in dorsal, ventral, and left lateral views, respectively; G-I, parabasisphenoid of Lichanura trivirgata CM 145332 in dorsal, ventral, and left lateral views, respectively. Scale bar: A-C, 1 mm; D-I, 2 mm.
FIG. 2 in A nearly complete skeleton of the oldest definitive erycine boid (Messel, Germany)
FIG. 2. — Maxilla: A-C, left maxilla of HLMD-Me 9723, holotype of Rageryx schmidi n. gen., n. sp., in dorsal, lateral and medial views, respectively; D-F, left maxilla of Eryx jaculus (Tü-VI.1935) in dorsal, lateral and medial views, respectively; G-I, left maxilla of Lichanura trivirgata (CM 145332) in dorsal, lateral and medial views, respectively. Scale bar: A-C, 1 mm; D-I, 2 mm.
Figure 10. Simple setae. A in Revising the definition of the crustacean seta and setal classification systems based on examinations of the mouthpart setae of seven species of decapods
Figure 10. Simple setae. A, typical simple setae from the mandibular palp of Panulirus argus. No outgrowths are seen. B, terminal pore (arrow) from simple seta. C, simple setae situated on the basis of maxilla 2 of Carcinus maenas. Abbreviation: Si, simple setae.
Figure 5. Pappose setae. A in Revising the definition of the crustacean seta and setal classification systems based on examinations of the mouthpart setae of seven species of decapods
Figure 5. Pappose setae. A, overview of two typical pappose setae from Cherax quadricarinatus. Note random arrangement of setules. B, tips of pappose setae from Stenopus hispidus. Setules get smaller closer to the tip (arrow). C, serration on the setules (arrows) from pappose seta. D, pappose setae on the exopod of maxilliped 1 of Carcinus maenas. E, pappose setae on the mandibular palp of Ca. maenas. F, pappose setae on the coxa of maxilliped 1 of Pagurus bernhardus. Abbreviation: Pa, pappose setae.
Figure 4 in Revising the definition of the crustacean seta and setal classification systems based on examinations of the mouthpart setae of seven species of decapods
Figure 4. Substructures of setae. A, infracuticular articulation with the general cuticle. Arrow indicates deep socket. B, supracuticular articulation (arrows) with the general cuticle. C, annulus seen as a ring in the cuticle (arrow). D, two rows of denticles arranged distally on a seta. E, large setule displaying articulation (arrow) with setal shaft. F, small setule with weak articulation (arrows). G, stitched picture showing gradual change from setule (arrow) to denticle (arrowhead) on the same seta. H, subterminal pore (arrow) from seta with denticles. I, terminal pore (arrow) from seta with denticles.
Figure 7. Serrulate setae. A, typical serrulate setae from maxilliped 1 in Revising the definition of the crustacean seta and setal classification systems based on examinations of the mouthpart setae of seven species of decapods
Figure 7. Serrulate setae. A, typical serrulate setae from maxilliped 1 of Pagurus bernhardus. Setules are small and only present on the distal half of the seta. B, middle part of serrulate seta with setules in three rows. C, setules from serrulate seta arranged randomly along the shaft. Note strong serration. D, small setules with weak articulations (arrows). E, scalelike setules from serrulate seta of Palaemon adspersus. Note serration on distal rim (arrows). F, terminal pore (arrow) from serrulate seta. G, serrulate setae on the coxa of maxilla 1 of Penaeus monodon. Abbreviation: Su, serrulate setae.
Figure 9. Papposerrate setae. A, typical papposerrate seta from maxilliped 1 in Revising the definition of the crustacean seta and setal classification systems based on examinations of the mouthpart setae of seven species of decapods
Figure 9. Papposerrate setae. A, typical papposerrate seta from maxilliped 1 of Cherax quadricarinatus, with long, randomly arranged setules on proximal part and denticles in two rows on distal part. B, transition region between long setules and denticles. Abbreviations: D, denticles; LS, long setules; SS, short setules.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.