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Fig. 1. Amphitheriid mammalian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976b in New partial dentaries of amphitheriid mammal Palaeoxonodon ooliticus from Scotland, and posterior dentary morphology in early cladotherians
Fig. 1. Amphitheriid mammalian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976b (NMS G.1992.47.123) from the Kilmaluag Formation, Bathonian, in lingual A), buccal (B), and occlusal (C) views; partial left dentary (A1–C1); dentition only (A2–C2). Arrows indicate anterior direction.
Fig. 2. Amphitheriid mammalian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976b in New partial dentaries of amphitheriid mammal Palaeoxonodon ooliticus from Scotland, and posterior dentary morphology in early cladotherians
Fig. 2. Amphitheriid mammalian Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976b (NMS G.2017.37.1) from the Kilmaluag Formation, Bathonian, in lingual (A), buccal (B), and occlusal (C) views; partial left dentary (A1–C1), dentition only (A2–C2). Arrows indicate anterior direction.
Fig. 7. Talpa minuta, Petersbuch 6. A. Right dentary with p1–m3, NHMA P6−1058B1 in Moles (Talpidae) from the late Middle Miocene of South Germany
Fig. 7. Talpa minuta, Petersbuch 6. A. Right dentary with p1–m3, NHMA P6−1058B1 in occlusal (A1) and buccal (A2) views; ca. × 5. B. Right maxillary fragment with M1–M3, NHMA P6−1059/6, occlusal view; ca. × 10. C. Right P4, NHMA P6−1059/4, occlusal view; ca. × 10. D. Left humerus, NHMA P6−1060/1, in anterior (D1) and posterior (D2) views; ca. × 5. E. Left ulna, NHMA P6−1062/3, anterior view; ca. × 5. F. Left ulna, NHMA P6−1062/2, lateral view; ca. × 5.
Fig. 4. Proscapanussansaniensis. A. Left dentary fragment with canine root and p1–p4, Petersbuch 31, NHMA P31−163A1 in Moles (Talpidae) from the late Middle Miocene of South Germany
Fig. 4. Proscapanussansaniensis. A. Left dentary fragment with canine root and p1–p4, Petersbuch 31, NHMA P31−163A1, occlusal view; ca. × 10. B. Right m1–m3, Petersbuch 31, NHMA P31−163B2, occlusal view; ca. × 10. C. Right dentary fragment with p4–m2, Petersbuch 48, NHMA P48−89A1, buccal view; ca. × 10. D. Left P4, Petersbuch 31, NHMA P31−163C1, occlusal view; ca. × 10. E. Left M1, Petersbuch 48, NHMA P48−89B2, occlusal view; ca. × 10. F. Right M2, Petersbuch 31, NHMA P31−163E3, occlusal view; ca. × 10. G. Left humerus, Petersbuch 31, NHMA P31−164A1, anterior view; ca. × 5.
Figure 17. - Dentary. A in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 17. - Dentary. A: Ventral and dorsal view of the left dentary from A. oxyrinchus (RBINS 24792); B: Left archaeological dentary of A. oxyrinchus, ventral and dorsal view; C: Ventral and dorsal view of the left dentary from A. sturio and A. oxyrinchus, redrawn from Desse-Berset (2011b); D: Measurements on the dentary as defined by Desse-Berset (1994, 2011b). Arrow 1: medial ridge; Arrow 2: processus. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 21. Blastomeryx gemmifer left dentary fragment with p3-m3 in The fauna and chronostratigraphy of the middle Miocene Mascall type area, John Day Basin, Oregon, USA
Figure 21. Blastomeryx gemmifer left dentary fragment with p3-m3 in occlusal view, JODA 2359. Scale bar=1cm.
Figure 20. Camelidae right partial dentary with p3 in The fauna and chronostratigraphy of the middle Miocene Mascall type area, John Day Basin, Oregon, USA
Figure 20. Camelidae right partial dentary with p3 (?), JODA 15560. A. Occlusal view. B. Lateral view. Scale bar=1cm.
Figure 4. Pseudotrimylus mawbyi left dentary with m1– m3 in The fauna and chronostratigraphy of the middle Miocene Mascall type area, John Day Basin, Oregon, USA
Figure 4. Pseudotrimylus mawbyi left dentary with m1– m3 in occlusal view, JODA 13865. Scale bar=1mm.
Text-fig. 7. a–e, h, i – Myotis cf. reductus: a – BSP 1974 XIV 1209, left M2, Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; b – BSP 1974 XIV 1208, right M1, Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; c – left maxillary fragment with M1–2, NMA P28/0345, Petersbuch 28, ventral view; d – BSP 1974 XIV 1199, left C inf., Erkertshofen 2, lingual (c1) and occlusal (c2) views; e – SNSB-BSPG 1962 XIX 4200, left mnd without teeth; Erkertshofen 1, occlusal (e1) and lateral (e2) views; h – BSP 1974 XIV 1202, left p4, Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; i – PCMRCh87, right m3, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; f, g – cf. Myotis sp., right C inf., Petersbuch 2, lingual view: f – PCMRCh25, g – PCMRCh88; j – M. aff. reductus, NMA P62/0331, right dentary fragment with p4–m1, Petersbuch 62, occlusal view. in The Early Miocene Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) From The Karstic Sites Of Erkertshofen And Petersbuch 2 (Southern Germany)
Text-fig. 7. a–e, h, i – Myotis cf. reductus: a – BSP 1974 XIV 1209, left M2, Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; b – BSP 1974 XIV 1208, right M1, Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; c – left maxillary fragment with M1–2, NMA P28/0345, Petersbuch 28, ventral view; d – BSP 1974 XIV 1199, left C inf., Erkertshofen 2, lingual (c1) and occlusal (c2) views; e – SNSB-BSPG 1962 XIX 4200, left mnd without teeth; Erkertshofen 1, occlusal (e1) and lateral (e2) views; h – BSP 1974 XIV 1202, left p4, Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; i – PCMRCh87, right m3, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; f, g – cf. Myotis sp., right C inf., Petersbuch 2, lingual view: f – PCMRCh25, g – PCMRCh88; j – M. aff. reductus, NMA P62/0331, right dentary fragment with p4–m1, Petersbuch 62, occlusal view.
Fig. 16. Right maxillary tooth positions 6–8 and dentary tooth positions 9–11 in A New Dromaeosaurid Theropod from Ukhaa Tolgod (Ömnögov, Mongolia)
Fig. 16. Right maxillary tooth positions 6–8 and dentary tooth positions 9–11 of the holotype of Tsaagan mangas (IGM 100/1015). These teeth show the enlarged posterior denticles characteristic of dromaeosaurids.
Text-fig. 6. Fish remains from Volchaya Balka locality (Late Miocene, North Caucasus). a – Scardinius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/1, pharyngeal tooth of the first row, side view, occlusal view; b – Abramis cf. bjoerkna, SSC-RAS G-2/2, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; c – Carassius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/3, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; d – Alburnus sp., SSC-RAS G-2/4, fragment of pharyngeal bone (os pharyngicus inferius), medial view; e – Acipenser sp., SSC-RAS G-2/5, left hyomandibular: left – medial view, right – proximal view; f – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/6, tail vertebra: left – lateral view, right – dorsal view; g – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/7, dentary: top – medial view, bottom – dorsal view. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology
Text-fig. 6. Fish remains from Volchaya Balka locality (Late Miocene, North Caucasus). a – Scardinius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/1, pharyngeal tooth of the first row, side view, occlusal view; b – Abramis cf. bjoerkna, SSC-RAS G-2/2, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; c – Carassius sp., SSC-RAS G-2/3, pharyngeal tooth of the first row: top – side view, bottom – occlusal view; d – Alburnus sp., SSC-RAS G-2/4, fragment of pharyngeal bone (os pharyngicus inferius), medial view; e – Acipenser sp., SSC-RAS G-2/5, left hyomandibular: left – medial view, right – proximal view; f – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/6, tail vertebra: left – lateral view, right – dorsal view; g – Gobiidae gen. indet., SSC-RAS G-2/7, dentary: top – medial view, bottom – dorsal view.
Figure 3. Diprotodon dentaries from the Darling Downs. A in Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia)
Figure 3. Diprotodon dentaries from the Darling Downs. A, lateral aspect of a large-form individual (QMF319). B, lateral aspect of a small-form individual (QMF36129). C, internal aspect of same small-form individual.
Figure 10 in Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia)
Figure 10. Distribution of talpid horizontal ramus shape in the RW-1 versus RW-2 (A) and RW-2 versus RW-3 (B) shape planes and corresponding shape models (C and D). L values = percentage variance accounted for by each axis based on singular values. For symbol shading conventions see text.
Figure 9 in Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia)
Figure 9. Distribution of angular process outline shape among fully fossorial moles in the ES-1 versus ES-2 and ES-2 versus ES-3 for Talpini (A and B, respectively), Scalopini (C and D) and corresponding outline shape models (E and F). Least convex hulls show position within the shape space that each genus occupies. Arrow refers to position of specimen mentioned in the text.
Figure 7 in Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia)
Figure 7. Distribution of condylar process outline shape among fully fossorial moles in the ES-1 versus ES-2 and ES-2 versus ES-3 shape planes for Talpini (A and B, respectively), Scalopini (C and D) and corresponding outline shape models (E and F). Least convex hulls show position within the shape space that each genus occupies. Arrow refers to position of specimen mentioned in the text.
Figure 8 in Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia)
Figure 8. Distribution of talpid angular process outline shape in the ES-1 versus ES-2 (A) and ES-2 versus ES-3 (B) shape planes and corresponding outline shape models (C and D). L values = percentage variance accounted for by each axis based on singular values. For symbol shading conventions see text.
Figure 3 in Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia)
Figure 3. Landmark locations on a talpid dentary. Anatomical descriptions of landmarks are as follows (types correspond to classification of Bookstein, 1991). (1) Anterior-most point of the dentary where the bone meets the anterior edge of the first incisor (Type 1). (2) Maximum curvature on the ventral border between the angular process and the most ventral point on the horizontal ramus (Type 2). (3) Maximum curvature of the posterior boundary between the angular process and the condylar process (Type 2). (4) Maximum curvature of the dorso-posterior boundary between the coronoid process and condylar process (Type 2). (5) Point where posterior edge of the 3rd molar meets the dentary bone, at the base of the coronoid process (Type 1). (6) Point where anterior edge of the 1st molar meets the dentary bone (Type 1).
Figure 6 in Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia)
Figure 6. Distribution of talpid condylar process outline shape in the ES-1 versus ES-2 (A) and ES-2 versus ES-3 (B) shape planes and corresponding outline shape models (C and D). L values = percentage variance accounted for by each axis based on singular values. For symbol shading conventions see text.
Figure 12 in Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia)
Figure 12. Distribution of horizontal ramus shape among fully fossorial moles in the RW-1 versus RW-2 and RW-2 versus RW-3 shape planes for Talpini (A and B, respectively), Scalopini (C and D) and corresponding shape models (E and F). Least convex hulls show position within the shape space that each genus occupies.
Data from: The dentary of hadrosauroid dinosaurs: evolution through heterochrony
<p><span>The near-global success reached by hadrosaurid dinosaurs during the Cretaceous has been attributed to mastication, a behaviour commonly recognized as a mammalian adaptation. Its occurrence in a non-mammalian lineage should be accompanied by the evolution of several morphological modifications associated with food acquisition and processing. This study investigated morphological variation in the dentary, a major element of the hadrosauroid lower jaw. Eighty-four hadrosauroid dentaries were subjected to geometric morphometric and statistical analyses to investigate their taxonomic, ontogenetic, and individual variation. Results suggest increased food acquisition and processing efficiency in saurolophids through a complex pattern of evolutionary and growth-related changes. The edentulous region grew longer relative to dentary length, allowing for food acquisition specialization anteriorly and processing posteriorly, and became ventrally directed, possibly associated with foraging low-growing vegetation, especially in younger individuals. The saurolophid coronoid process became anteriorly directed and relatively more elongate, with an expanded apex, increasing moment arm length, with muscles pulling the jaw more posteriorly, increasing mechanical advantage. During growth, all hadrosauroids underwent anteroposterior dental battery elongation by the addition of teeth, and edentulous region ventralization decreased. The dental battery became deeper in saurolophids by increasing the number of teeth per tooth family. The increased coronoid process anterior inclination and relative edentulous region elongation in saurolophids are hypothesized to have evolved through hypermorphosis and/or acceleration, peramorphic heterochronic processes, and the anteroposteriorly shorter but dorsoventrally taller saurolophid dentary, likely emerged due to post-displacement in dental battery elongation and edentulous region decreased ventral orientation, a paedomorphic heterochronic process.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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