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58 results for “developmental evolution”
Data from: The origins of novelty from within the confines of homology: the developmental evolution of the digging tibia of dung beetles
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Adaptation to host's chemical defenses as a driver of wing morphological evolution and developmental instability in cactophilic Drosophila
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Developmental life history is associated with variation in rates of climatic niche evolution in a salamander adaptive radiation
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Feather evolution following flight loss in crown group birds: relaxed selection and developmental constraints
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Data and code from: The evolution of developmental thresholds and reaction norms for age and size at maturity
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Data from: Are developmental shifts the main driver of phenotypic evolution in Diplodus spp. (Perciformes: Sparidae)?
Background: Sparid fishes of the genus Diplodus show a complex life history. Juveniles have adaptations well suited to life in the water column. When fishes recruit into the adult population individuals develop a radically differentiated shape that reflect their adaptation to the new benthic environment typical of the adult. By using a geometric morphometric approach, we investigated the pattern of shape variation across ontogenetic stages that span from early settlement to the adult stage in four species of the genus Diplodus. Landmarks were collected on the whole body of fishes to quantify the phenotypic variation along two well defined life stages, i.e. juvenile and adult. A comparative analysis of ontogenetic trajectories was performed to assess the presence of divergence in the developmental pattern. Subsequently, we investigated the patterns of integration and modularity as proxy of the alteration of the developmental processes. This allowed to have an insight in morphological developmental patterns across ecologically and ontogenetically differentiated life stages and to investigate the process leading to the adult shape. Results: Our results suggest that the origin of morphological novelties in Diplodus spp. arise from shifts of the ontogenetic trajectories during the development. During the settlement phase, juvenile's morphological shapes converge towards close regions of the morphospace. When the four species approach the transition between settlement and recruitment we observe the lowest level of inter- and intra-specific disparity. After this transition we detect an abrupt shift of ontogenetic trajectories, i.e. the path taken by species during development, that led to highly divergent adult phenotypes. Discussion: We suggest that the evolution of new ecomorphologies, better suited to exploit different niches and reduce inter-specific competition in Diplodus spp., are related to the shift in the ontogenetic trajectory that in turn is associated to changes in modularity and integration pattern.
Evolutionary changes in the chromatin landscape contribute to reorganization of a developmental gene network during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins
<p>Chromatin configuration is highly dynamic during embryonic development in animals, exerting an important point of control in transcriptional regulation. Yet there exists remarkably little information about the role of evolutionary changes in chromatin configuration to the evolution of gene expression and organismal traits. Genome-wide assays of chromatin configuration, coupled with whole-genome alignments, can help address this gap in knowledge in several ways. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of regulatory element sequences and accessibility throughout embryogenesis in three sea urchin species with divergent life histories: a lecithotroph <em>Heliocidaris erythrogramma</em>, a closely related planktotroph <em>H. tuberculata</em>, and a distantly related planktotroph <em>Lytechinus variegatus</em>. We identified distinct epigenetic and mutational signatures of evolutionary modifications to the function of putative <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements in <em>H. erythrogramma</em> that have accumulated non-uniformly throughout the genome, suggesting selection, rather than drift, underlies many modifications associated with the derived life history. Specifically, regulatory elements composing the sea urchin developmental gene regulatory network are enriched for signatures of positive selection and accessibility changes which may function to alter binding affinity and access of developmental transcription factors to these sites. Furthermore, regulatory element changes often correlate with divergent expression patterns of genes involved in cell type specification, morphogenesis, and development of other derived traits, suggesting these evolutionary modifications have been consequential for phenotypic evolution in <em>H. erythrogramma</em>. Collectively, our results demonstrate that selective pressures imposed by changes in developmental life history rapidly reshape the <em>cis</em>-regulatory landscape of core developmental genes to generate novel traits and embryonic programs.</p>
Asymmetric evolution of protein domains in the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) family of plant developmental coordinators
<p><span>The coding sequences of developmental genes are expected to be conserved over deep time, with cis-regulatory change driving the modulation of gene function. In contrast, proteins with roles in defense are expected to evolve rapidly, in molecular arms races with pathogens. However, some gene families include both developmental and defense genes. In these families, do the tempo and mode of evolution differ between developmental and defense genes, despite shared ancestry and structure? The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLKs) protein family includes many members with roles in plant development and defense, thus providing an ideal system for answering this question. LRR-RLKs are receptors that traverse plasma membranes. LRR domains bind extracellular ligands, RLK domains initiate intracellular signaling cascades in response to ligand binding. In LRR-RLKs with roles in defense, LRR domains evolve faster than RLK domains. To determine whether this asymmetry extends to developmental LRR-RLKs, we assessed evolutionary rates and tested for selection acting on eleven clades of LRR-RLK proteins, using deeply sampled protein trees. To assess functional evolution, we performed heterologous complementation assays using <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> (arabidopsis) LRR-RLK mutants. We found that the LRR domains of developmental LRR-RLK proteins evolved faster than their cognate RLK domains. LRR-RLKs with roles in development and defense had strikingly similar patterns of molecular evolution. Heterologous transformation experiments revealed that the evolution of developmental LRR-RLKs likely involves multiple mechanisms, including changes to cis-regulation, coding sequence evolution, and escape from adaptive conflict. Our results indicate similar evolutionary pressures acting on developmental and defense signaling proteins, despite divergent organismal functions. In addition, deep understanding of the molecular evolution of developmental receptors can help guide targeted genome engineering in agriculture.</span></p>
Sex and tissue-specific evolution of developmental plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster
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Developmental instability and phenotypic evolution in a small and isolated bear population
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Data from: Are developmental shifts the main driver of phenotypic evolution in Diplodus spp. (Perciformes: Sparidae)?
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Data from: Developmental constraints do not influence long-term phenotypic evolution of marsupial forelimbs as revealed by interspecific disparity and integration patterns
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Data from: Convergent evolution of alternative developmental trajectories associated with diapause in African and South American killifish
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Asymmetric evolution of protein domains in the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) family of plant developmental coordinators
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Evolutionary changes in the chromatin landscape contribute to reorganization of a developmental gene network during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins
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Developmental lines of least resistance predict standing genetic covariation but do not constrain plasticity or rapid evolution
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Data from: One phase of the dormancy developmental pathway is critical for the evolution of insect seasonality
Evolutionary change in the timing of dormancy enables animals and plants to adapt to changing seasonal environments and can result in ecological speciation. Despite its clear biological importance, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of dormancy timing in animals remain poorly understood because of a lack of anatomical landmarks to discern which phase of dormancy an individual is experiencing. Taking advantage of the nearly universal characteristic of metabolic suppression during insect dormancy (diapause), we use patterns of respiratory metabolism to document physiological landmarks of dormancy and test which of the distinct phases of the dormancy developmental pathway contribute to a month-long shift in diapause timing between a pair of incipient moth species. Here, we show that divergence in life cycle between the earlier-emerging E-strain and the later-emerging Z-strain of European corn borer (ECB) is clearly explained by a delay in the timing of the developmental transition from the diapause maintenance phase to the termination phase. Along with recent findings indicating that life-cycle differences between ECB strains stem from allelic variation at a single sex-linked locus, our results demonstrate how dramatic shifts in animal seasonality can result from simple developmental and genetic changes. Although characterizing the multiple phases of the diapause developmental programme in other locally adapted populations and species will undoubtedly yield surprises about the nature of animal dormancy, results in the ECB moth suggest that focusing on genetic variation in the timing of the dormancy termination phase may help explain how (or whether) organisms rapidly respond to global climate change, expand their ranges after accidental or managed introductions, undergo seasonal adaptation, or evolve into distinct species through allochronic isolation.
Figure 2 in Life history dynamics and biogeography of a nudibranch with contrasting developmental modes: A hypothesis for the evolution of larval types
Figure 2. Seasonal abundance of Dendronotus spp. (in number of slugs per m2) and their thecate hydroid prey (in percentage cover). (a) The shallow subtidal site at York, Maine collected every calendar month. (b) The subtidal site at Eastport, Maine and (c) the intertidal site at West Quoddy Head in Lubec, Maine collected every two calendar months. Hydroid abundance data were sampled using point coordinates and averaged for 10 samples per sampling area (¡SD).
Data from: One phase of the dormancy developmental pathway is critical for the evolution of insect seasonality
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Data from: Clade-specific positive selection on a developmental gene: branchless trichome and the evolution of stellate trichomes in Physaria (Brassicaceae)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.