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Epiphytic diatom community structure and richness is determined by macroalgal host and location in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica)
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Diatom Community Data from Coweeta LTER, 2005-2019
Diatom community data from eight first-fourth order stream reaches at the Coweeta LTER/Coweeta Hydrologic Lab. Samples were collected in September 2005, January 2006, September 2018, and January 2019. For each stream, three replicate samples were collected over a 100 m stream reach from rock substrates. Diatoms were enumerated from permanent slides to the species level. For each sample, community data include relative cell densities and relative cell biovolumes. This data package is completed.
Diversity and distribution across a large environmental and spatial gradient: evaluating the taxonomic and functional turnover, transitions and environmental drivers of benthic diatom communities
<p><b><span>Aim:</span></b> Global biodiversity loss has raised interest in understanding variation in diversity at different scales. Especially studies conducted across large spatial gradients are crucial, because they can increase perspectives on how ecological patterns change relative to environmental factors, and facilitate predictions of possible responses to environmental change. We explored the full extent of a brackish sea to test the hypotheses that (i) benthic communities are defined by species' limited ranges, controlled by varying drivers along a large environmental gradient, (ii) the responses of taxonomic and functional community composition and turnover to the environmental gradient are different, thus highlighting the need to include both measures in ecological studies, and (iii) diversity reaches the minimum at intermediate salinities (Remane curve) due to the low adaptation of freshwater and marine species.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: A large environmental and spatial gradient spanning the entire Swedish coastline (ca. 2300 km; salinity 1.2-27.6), the Baltic Sea</p> <p><b><span>Time period</span></b><span>: August 2018</span></p> <p><b><span>Major taxa studied:</span></b><span> Benthic diatoms</span></p> <p><b><span>Methods</span></b><span>: </span>We assessed environmental drivers for the communities and calculated the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity along the gradient. We also compared the taxonomic and functional composition and diversity of communities between areas with different salinity.</p> <p><b><span>Results</span></b><span>:</span> We found support for the hypothesis of limited species ranges, as taxonomic beta diversity, mainly induced by changes in salinity and climate, was high, whereas functional beta diversity remained considerably lower, and the composition and diversity of communities, as well as environmental drivers controlling the communities, differed between regions with different salinity. The lowest taxonomic diversity was found at intermediate salinities of 5-6.</p> <p><b><span>Main conclusions:</span></b> These findings advance understanding of large-scale patterns of benthic diversity, emphasize the importance of large gradient studies for a better understanding of general ecological patterns, and highlight the vulnerability of brackish water ecosystems as ecologically important tipping point realms.</p>
Supplementary material 8 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Alignment S2
Supplementary material 2 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Table S2
Supplementary material 3 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Table S3
Supplementary material 1 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Table S1
Taxonomic and functional diversity covary in rock pool microalgal communities despite their different drivers - Environmental and diatom data
<p>We sampled 30 brackish‐watered, isolated rock pools once a month (17 May, 22 June, and 22 July) in 2016 on a granitic outcrop in the western island of Pihlajasaari (66°68′449″N, 38°40′48″E), ca. 2 km south of Helsinki, Finland on the coast of the northern Baltic Sea. We examined the drivers and covariance of taxonomic and functional diversity among the rock pool communities. We measured water pH, conductivity, and temperature in the field, and pool morphometrics (i.e., max depth, length, and width) to the nearest centimeter, and calculated pool area (length * width). We collected a 0.5 L water sample from each pool for the determination of total P (SFS‐EN ISO 2004). We estimated pool X and Y coordinates (based on the perpendicular pool distance from the shore and the horizontal pool distance from the map origin in the southern end parallel to the shoreline, respectively) and mean isolation as a mean Euclidean distance (i.e., the sum of distances to five closest pools divided by five; Vanschoenwinkel et al. 2007) for each pool from a drawn grid map of the study area showing the relative location of the sampled pools to each other and to the seashore.</p> <p>We sampled benthic diatoms by collecting epilithic samples (ca. 25 cm<sup>2</sup>) from each pool bottom with a toothbrush, following EN 13946 standard (2003). A total of 500 valves per sample were counted and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (mostly species level) with a light microscope. We created a taxonomic site‐species matrix based on species relative abundances.</p> <p>The identified diatom species were classified into 21 partly overlapping functional groups. We first divided the species into five size classes after their biovolume (determined by cell length, width, thickness, and shape) and 14 life‐form categories after interspecific morphological adaptations to physical and chemical disturbance (i.e., cell motility, posture, and type of adhesion) following Rimet & Bouchez (2012). A single taxon may have various successive life forms and may thus be classified into multiple life‐form categories. We further classified the species after their preferences for nutrient concentration and physical disturbance into four ecological guilds (high profile, low profile, motile and planktonic) after Passy (2007) and Rimet & Bouchez (2012). Finally, we separated between acid‐tolerant (acidobiontic or acidophilus species with pH optimum <7 in Van Dam et al. (1994), and nitrogen‐fixing species (with cyanobacterial endosymbionts capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen). In the species‐trait matrix, each species belonging to a given guild (other than continuous biovolume guild on a scale 1–5) was given a value of 1; otherwise, the value was set to 0. Each species could be characterized by multiple traits and could thus belong to more than only one guild.</p>
Figures 2-34 from: Mora D, Carmona J, Jahn R, Zimmermann J, Abarca N (2017) Epilithic diatom communities of selected streams from the Lerma-Chapala Basin, Central Mexico, with the description of two new species. PhytoKeys 88: 39-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.88.14612
Figures 2-34 - Overview of the most abundant taxa (≥ 1% relative abundance in at least one sample). 2 Cyclotella meneghiniana 3 Eunotia cf. meridiana 4 Eunotia sp. 1 5 Eunotia sp. 3 6 Eunotia sp. 2 7 Eunotia minor 8 Fragilaria pectinalis 9 Fragilaria austriaca 10 Fragilaria bidens 11 Fragilaria tenera 12–13 Achnanthidium sp. 5 14–15 Achnanthidium aff. catenatum 16–17 Achnanthidium sp. 1 18–19 Achnanthidium minutissimum 20–21 Achnanthidium sp. 4 22–23 Planothidium rostratum 24–25 Planothidium victori 26–27 Planothidium incuriatum 28–29 Planothidium cryptolanceolatum 30–31 Cocconeis pediculus 32–33 Cocconeis sp. 2 34 Ulnaria ulna. Scale bar 10 μm.
Figures 35-77 from: Mora D, Carmona J, Jahn R, Zimmermann J, Abarca N (2017) Epilithic diatom communities of selected streams from the Lerma-Chapala Basin, Central Mexico, with the description of two new species. PhytoKeys 88: 39-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.88.14612
Figures 35-77 - Overview of the most abundant taxa (≥ 1% relative abundance in at least one sample). 35 Fistulifera saprophila 36 Craticula subminuscula 37 Craticula sp. 2 38 Craticula molestiformis 39 Craticula cf. pumilio 40 Sellaphora cosmopolitana 41 Sellaphora sp. 3 42 Eolimna sp. 1 43 Sellaphora nigri 44 Sellaphora madida 45 Sellaphora queretana 46 Sellaphora atomoides 47 Sellaphora saugerresii 48 Sellaphora pupula 49 Mayamaea permitis 50 Reimeria sinuata 51 Diadesmis confervacea 52 Nupela wellneri 53 Geissleria decussis 54 Navicula veneta 55 Navicula erifuga 56 Navicula libonensis 57 Navicula capitatoradiata 58 Navicula symmetrica 59 Navicula notha 60 Navicula cf. cryptocephala 61 Encyonopsis cf. thienemannii 62 Navicula gregaria 63 Navicula cryptocephala 64 Navicula reichardtiana 65 Brachysira altepetlensis 66 Encyonema minutum 67 Halamphora montana 68 Amphora pediculus 69 Navicula trivialis 70 Navicula rostellata 71 Frustulia crassinervia 72 Encyonema brevicapitatum 73 Encyonema minutiforme 74 Encyonema cf. minutiforme 75 Encyonema cf. hebridiforme 76 Encyonema jemtlandicum 77 Encyonema pergracile. Scale bar 10 μm.
Figures 78-117 from: Mora D, Carmona J, Jahn R, Zimmermann J, Abarca N (2017) Epilithic diatom communities of selected streams from the Lerma-Chapala Basin, Central Mexico, with the description of two new species. PhytoKeys 88: 39-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.88.14612
Figures 78-117 - Overview of the most abundant taxa (≥ 1% relative abundance in at least one sample). 78 Gomphonema exilissimum 79 Gomphonema parvuliforme 80 Gomphonema cf. parvuliforme 81 Gomphonema parvulum 82 Gomphonema lagenula 83 Gomphonema cf. lagenula 84 Gomphonema aff. sarcophagus 85 Gomphonema aff. mariovense 86 Gomphonema subclavatum 87 Gomphonema stonei 88 Gomphonema pumilum 89 Gomphonema graciledictum 90 Gomphonema naviculoides 91 Gomphonema minusculum 92 Gomphonema sp. 4 93 Gomphonema sp. 2 94 Gomphonema innocens 95 Gomphonema aff. parvulius 96 Nitzschia desertorum 97 Nitzschia semirobusta 98 Nitzschia inconspicua 99 Nitzschia sp. 1 100 Nitzschia supralitorea 101 Nitzschia cf. hantzschiana 102 Nitzschia fonticola 103 Nitzschia perminuta 104 Surirella angusta 105 Nitzschia acicularis 106 Nitzschia amphibia 107 Nitzschia communis 108 Nitzschia gracilis 109 Nitzschia paleacea 110 Nitzschia intermedia 111 Nitzschia palea 112 Nitzschia palea var. tenuirostris 113 Nitzschia palea var. debilis 114 Nitzschia balcanica 115 Nitzschia linearis 116 Epithemia sorex 117 Epithemia adnata. Scale bar 10 μm.
Figure 145 from: Mora D, Carmona J, Jahn R, Zimmermann J, Abarca N (2017) Epilithic diatom communities of selected streams from the Lerma-Chapala Basin, Central Mexico, with the description of two new species. PhytoKeys 88: 39-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.88.14612
Figure 145 - Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ordination plot. Distribution of sampling sites based on diatom abundance data in relation to statistically significant environmental variables. Three groups of samples are depicted within ovals. For visualization purposes, only species with significant IndVals (p< 0.05) are included in the plot. Black squares correspond to species; numbers within the black squares refer to taxa names in Table 4. Sampling sites are codified as follows: a Roman numeral indicating the sampling campaign (I, II and III), followed by an underscore symbol and an Arabic numeral indicating the sampling site (sites 1 to 14). For abbreviations and units of the physical and chemical parameters refer to Table 2.
Figures 133-144 from: Mora D, Carmona J, Jahn R, Zimmermann J, Abarca N (2017) Epilithic diatom communities of selected streams from the Lerma-Chapala Basin, Central Mexico, with the description of two new species. PhytoKeys 88: 39-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.88.14612
Figures 133-144 - Sellaphora queretana D. Mora, N. Abarca & J. Carmona, sp. nov. LM (133–140) and SEM (141–144). 133–137 type material, from stream Los Ailes 1, Querétaro, Mexico, collected on 18.09.2013 137 designated as holotype 138–140 population from stream Laguna de Servín 2, collected on 29.09.2013 141–144 from type material: 141, 142, 144 external views of entire valves 143 internal view of an entire valve. Scale bars 5 μm (133–140); 1 μm (141–144).
Figures 118-132 from: Mora D, Carmona J, Jahn R, Zimmermann J, Abarca N (2017) Epilithic diatom communities of selected streams from the Lerma-Chapala Basin, Central Mexico, with the description of two new species. PhytoKeys 88: 39-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.88.14612
Figures 118-132 - Brachysira altepetlensis D. Mora, R. Jahn & N. Abarca, sp. nov. LM (118–128) and SEM (129–132). 118–123 type material, from Paredones stream, Guanajuato, Mexico, collected on 07.09.2014 121 designated as holotype 124–125 collected from type location but on 06.10.2013 126–128 collected from type location but on 09.02.2014 129–132 from type material: 129–130 external view of entire valves 131 external view of an entire valve showing elongated areolae in the valve mantle 132 internal view of entire valve, showing occlusion of the areolae by hymens. The arrow points at Voigt discontinuity. Scale bars 10 μm (118–128); 5 μm (129–132).
Figure 1 from: Mora D, Carmona J, Jahn R, Zimmermann J, Abarca N (2017) Epilithic diatom communities of selected streams from the Lerma-Chapala Basin, Central Mexico, with the description of two new species. PhytoKeys 88: 39-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.88.14612
Figure 1 - Location of the area of study. A Map of Mexico, showing the location of the Lerma-Chapala Basin in the center of the country. B Location of the 14 sampling sites in the Lerma-Chapala Basin, indicated by red dots. The numbers next to the red dots refer to the name of the sampling site in Table 1.
Supplementary material 7 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Alignment S1
Supplementary material 6 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Figure S1
Supplementary material 9 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Alignment S3
Supplementary material 5 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Table S5
Supplementary material 4 from: Bíró T, Duleba M, Földi A, Kiss KT, Orgoványi P, Trábert Z, Vadkerti E, Wetzel CE, Ács É (2022) Metabarcoding as an effective complement of microscopic studies in revealing the composition of the diatom community – a case study of an oxbow lake of Tisza River (Hungary) with the description of a new Mayamaea species. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e87497. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.87497
Table S4
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