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44 results for “disease outbreak”
Data from: The return of the frogs: the importance of habitat refugia in maintaining diversity during a disease outbreak
Recent decades have seen the emergence and spread of numerous infectious diseases, often with severe negative consequences for wildlife populations. Nevertheless, many populations survive the initial outbreaks, and even undergo recoveries. Unfortunately, the long-term effects of these outbreaks on host population genetics are poorly understood; to increase this understanding, we examined the population genetics of two species of rainforest frogs (Litoria nannotis and Litoria serrata) that have largely recovered from a chytridiomycosis outbreak at two national parks in the Wet Tropics of northern Australia. At the wetter, northern park there was little evidence of decreased genetic diversity in either species, and all of the sampled sites had high minor allele frequencies (mean MAF = 0.230–0.235), high heterozygosity (0.318–0.325), and few monomorphic markers (1.4–4.0%); however, some recovered L. nannotis populations had low Ne values (59.3–683.8) compared to populations that did not decline during the outbreak (1537.4–1756.5). At the drier, southern park, both species exhibited lower diversity (mean MAF = 0.084–0.180; heterozygosity = 0.126–0.257; monomorphic markers = 3.7–43.5%; Ne = 18.4–676.1). The diversity patterns in this park matched habitat patterns, with both species having higher diversity levels and fewer closely related individuals at sites with higher quality habitat. These patterns were more pronounced for L. nannotis, which has lower dispersal rates than L. serrata. These results suggest that refugia with high quality habitat are important for retaining genetic diversity during disease outbreaks, and that gene flow following disease outbreaks is important for restabilising diversity in populations where it was reduced.
Data from: Occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norway
Background: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the major pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. The seroprevalence to BRSV in Norwegian cattle herds is high, but its role in epidemics of respiratory disease is unclear. The aims of the study were to investigate the etiological role of BRSV and other respiratory viruses in epidemics of BRD and to perform phylogenetic analysis of Norwegian BRSV strains. Results: BRSV infection was detected either serologically and/or virologically in 18 (86%) of 21 outbreaks and in most cases as a single viral agent. When serology indicated that bovine coronavirus and/or bovine parainfluenza virus 3 were present, the number of BRSV positive animals in the herd was always higher, supporting the view of BRSV as the main pathogen. Sequencing of the G gene of BRSV positive samples showed that the current circulating Norwegian BRSVs belong to genetic subgroup II, along with other North European isolates. One isolate from an outbreak in Norway in 1976 was also investigated. This strain formed a separate branch in subgroup II, clearly different from the current Scandinavian sequences. The currently circulating BRSV could be divided into two different strains that were present in the same geographical area at the same time. The sequence variations between the two strains were in an antigenic important part of the G protein. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that BRSV is the most important etiological agent of epidemics of BRD in Norway and that it often acts as the only viral agent. The phylogenetic analysis of the Norwegian strains of BRSV and several previously published isolates supported the theory of geographical and temporal clustering of BRSV.
The interplay of fungal and bacterial microbiomes on rainforest frogs following a disease outbreak
<p>Emerging infectious diseases are a serious threat to wildlife populations, and there is growing evidence that host microbiomes play important roles in infection dynamics, possibly even mitigating diseases. Nevertheless, most research on this topic has focused only on bacterial microbiomes, while fungal microbiomes have been largely neglected. To help fill this gap in our knowledge, we examined both the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of four sympatric Australian frog species which had different population-level responses to the emergence of chytridiomycosis, a widespread disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatids (Bd). We sequenced 16,884 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 41,774 bacterial ASVs. Bacterial communities had higher richness and were less variable within frog species than were fungal communities. Nevertheless, both communities were correlated for ASV richness and beta diversity (i.e., frogs with similar bacterial richness and community composition tended to also have similar fungal richness and community composition). This suggests that either one microbial community was having a large impact on the other, or that they were both being driven by similar environmental factors. For both microbial taxa, we found little evidence of associations between Bd (prevalence or intensity) and either individuals' ASVs or beta-diversity. However, there was mixed evidence of associations between richness (both bacterial and fungal) and Bd, with high richness potentially providing a protective effect. Surprisingly, the relative abundance of bacteria that have previously been shown to inhibit Bd was also positively associated with Bd infection intensity, suggesting that a high relative abundance of those bacteria provides poor protection against infection.</p>
Data for "Evaluating disease surveillance strategies for early outbreak detection in contact networks with varying community structure"
<p>New York City contact network data used in the publication “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2024.06.003">Evaluating disease surveillance strategies for early outbreak detection in contact networks with varying community structure</a>” (LA-UR-23-26868). This contact network comes in the form of a weighted edge list. Each row describes an edge, with the first and second column containing the labels of the nodes connected by the edge, and the third column contains the corresponding weight of the edge. In this network, an edge encodes an interaction between two individuals and the weight describes the duration of the interaction in seconds. In total the edge list describes 6,376,729,847 interactions among 6,813,615 individuals; the first 10 interactions are listed below as an example.</p> <p>2, 1, 84121<br>4, 3, 83654.4<br>5, 3, 79591.4<br>5, 4, 87642<br>6, 3, 79853<br>6, 4, 81604<br>6, 5, 79146<br>8, 7, 80604<br>10, 9, 84259.6<br>12, 11, 68990.8</p> <p> </p> <p>This work is approved for public distribution under LA-UR-24-25046.</p>
Digital Acoustic Surveillance for Early Detection of Respiratory Disease Outbreaks
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04762693. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.
Prevention of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreaks With Nitazoxanide
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04406246. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Infection dynamics, dispersal, and adaptation: understanding the lack of recovery in a remnant frog population following a disease outbreak
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Data from: Occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norway
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Data from: The return of the frogs: the importance of habitat refugia in maintaining diversity during a disease outbreak
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Data from: Pathogen persistence in the environment and insect-baculovirus interactions: disease-density thresholds, epidemic burnout, and insect outbreaks
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Data from: Degree of host susceptibility in the initial disease outbreak influences subsequent epidemic spread
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Data from: Real-time decision-making during emergency disease outbreaks
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The interplay of fungal and bacterial microbiomes on rainforest frogs following a disease outbreak
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Data from: Integrating regulatory surveys and citizen science to map outbreaks of forest diseases: acute oak decline in England and Wales
The number of emerging tree diseases has increased rapidly in recent times, with severe environmental and economic consequences. Systematic regulatory surveys to detect and establish the distribution of pests are crucial for successful management efforts, but resource intensive and costly. Volunteers who identify potential invasive species can form an important early warning network in tree health, however, what these data can tell us and how they can be best used to inform and direct official survey effort is not clear. Here we use an extensive dataset on Acute Oak Decline (AOD) as an opportunity to ask how verified data received from the public can be utilised. Information on the distribution of AOD was available as (i) systematic regulatory surveys conducted throughout England and Wales (ii) ad-hoc sightings reported by land owners, land managers and members of the public (i.e. 'self-reported' cases). By using the available self-reported cases at the design stage the systematic survey could focus on defining the boundaries of the affected area. This maximised the use of available resources and highlights the benefits to be gained by developing strategies to enhance volunteer efforts in future programs.
Data from: Previous exposure to myxomatosis reduces survival of European rabbits during outbreaks of rabbit haemorrhagic disease
1. Exploiting disease and parasite synergies could increase the efficacy of biological control of invasive species. In Australia, two viruses were introduced to control European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus — myxoma virus in 1950, and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in 1995. While these biological controls caused initial declines of > 95% in affected populations, today rabbits remain a problem in many areas, despite recurring outbreaks of both diseases. 2. We used eighteen years of capture-mark-recapture, dead recovery, and antibody assay data from a sentinel population in South Australia to test whether these two diseases interact to modify the survival of individual wild rabbits. We compared four joint, multi-state, dead-recovery models to test the hypotheses that rabbit haemorrhagic disease and myxoma viruses have synergistic (i.e., previous exposure to one virus affects survival during outbreaks of the other virus) or additive effects (i.e., previous exposure to one virus does not affect survival during outbreaks of the other virus). 3. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks reduced the survival of individuals with no immunity by more than half during the 58-day capture-trip intervals, i.e., from 0.86–0.90 to 0.37–0.48. Myxomatosis outbreaks had a smaller effect, reducing survival to 0.74– 0.82; however, myxomatosis outbreaks were more prolonged, spanning more than twice as many trips. 4. There was considerable information-theoretic support (wAICc = 0.69) for the model in which exposure to myxomatosis affected survival during rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks. Rabbits previously exposed to myxoma virus had lower survival during rabbit haemorrhagic disease outbreaks than rabbits never exposed to either virus. There was negligible support for the model in which previous exposure to rabbit haemorrhagic disease affected survival in myxomatosis outbreaks (wAICc < 0.01). 5. Synthesis and applications — Our results indicate that biological control agents can have a greater impact than single-pathogen challenge studies might suggest. Introducing additional biological control agents might therefore increase mortality of rabbits beyond the additive effects of individual biological controls. Furthermore, our results show that by understanding and exploiting disease synergies, managers could increase the efficacy of biological controls for other invasive animals.
Step Change -CSI 4 – Infectious Disease Outbreak Preparedness the Italy – Infographic
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Observational Research on Infectious Disease Outbreaks and Difficult Cases of Unidentified Etiology in Indonesia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04339179. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Creating a New Health Promotion Module to Help the Indigenous People of Selangor Prepare for Disease X and Outbreaks
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06539845. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Integrating regulatory surveys and citizen science to map outbreaks of forest diseases: acute oak decline in England and Wales
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Data from: Previous exposure to myxomatosis reduces survival of European rabbits during outbreaks of rabbit haemorrhagic disease
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.