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Figure 4 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 4. Copepod species composition (centre) and copepodid stage structures of the dominant species (left: Oyashio region, right: Okhotsk Sea). All data are integrated means of a 0– 500 m water column based on the IONESS samples in the Oyashio region (St. 19) and Okhotsk Sea (St. OK24) from October to November 1996. Error bars for the copepodid stage indicate standard deviations of each daily duplicate.
Figure 3 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 3. Vertical distribution of zooplankton biovolume in the Oyashio region (upper panels) and Okhotsk Sea (lower panels) from September to December in 1996–1998. Note that the biovolume axes are not the same between panels. Tc: thermocline.
Fig. 5 in Distribution patterns of selected insect populations on their host plants - an ecological study
Fig. 5: Determination of the grade of aggregation (k) according to two independent methods (see text) and illustration of the relationship between k and xm: (a) greenflies (first method), (b) sap beetles (first method), (c) greenflies (second method), (d) sap beetles (second method).
Fig. 4 in Distribution patterns of selected insect populations on their host plants - an ecological study
Fig. 4: Mean values and standard deviations of the x/s2 ratios for a more detailed differentiation of m the animal distribution patterns. According to the results greenflies and sap beetles colonizing the upper parts of the nettle are distinguished by aggregated distribution patterns, whilst sap beetles residing on the lower parts of the nettle are characterized by a more regular distribution. Mealybugs tend to develop random distribution patterns.
Data from: Species distribution models of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, Diptera: Drosophilidae) in its native and invasive range reveal an ecological niche shift
<p>The Spotted Wing Drosophila (<em>Drosophila</em> <em>suzukii</em>) is native to Southeast Asia. Since its first detection in 2008 in Europe and North America, it has been a pest to the fruit production industry as it feeds and oviposits on ripening fruit. Here we aim to model the potential geographical distribution of <em>D. suzukii</em>. We performed an extensive literature review to map the current records. In total, 517 documented occurrences (96 native and 421 invasive) were identified spanning 52 countries. Next, we constructed three species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrence records in: 1) the native range (SDMnative), 2) the invasive range in Europe (SDMEurope) and 3) a global model of all records (SDMglobal). The models aimed to investigate, whether this species will be able to occupy additional ecological niches beyond its native range and expand its current geographic distribution both globally and in Europe. The SDMs were generated using Maximum Entropy algorithms (Maxent) based on present occurrence records and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim). Predictions of habitat suitability vary greatly depending on the origins of occurrence records. According to all models, precipitation and low temperatures were key limiting factors for the distribution of <em>D. suzukii</em>, which suggests that this species requires a humid environment with mild winters in order to establish a permanent population in its invasive range. Several regions in the invasive range, not presently occupied by this species, were predicted highly suitable, especially in northern Europe, suggesting that <em>D. suzukii</em> is not occupying its full fundamental niche yet. Synthesis and applications. Based on these models of potential geographic distribution of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (<em>Drosophila</em> <em>suzukii</em>), we show a shift in the ecological niche in <em>D. suzukii</em> populations, emphasizing the importance of using presence and local environmental data. Further investigation regarding new occurrences is recommended to secure optimal pest management. Despite a continuing expansion, many countries still lack proper surveillance schemes, and we urge policymakers to initiate appropriate management programs.</p>
Fig. 3 in Eudiaptomus transylvanicus and E. vulgaris (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae): comparative morphology, distribution and ecology
Fig. 3. Eudiaptomus vulgaris (Schmeil, 1898), female. a – habitus, ventral view; b – genital compound somite; c – rostrum; d – mandible; e – coxa of leg 5; f – exopod 1 and endopod of leg 5; g – leg 5; h – exopods 2 and 3 of leg 5; i – endopod of leg 2, with Schmeilsche lobus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a), 100 µm (b), 50 µm (c, e, f, g, h, i), 20 µm (d).
Fig. 2 in Eudiaptomus transylvanicus and E. vulgaris (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae): comparative morphology, distribution and ecology
Fig. 2. Eudiaptomus transylvanicus (Daday, 1891), male. a – habitus, ventral view; b, b′ – right antennule; c – rostrum; d – leg 5; e – basis of right leg 5; f – exopod 2 of right leg 5; g – endopod of right leg 5; h – exopod 2 of left leg 5. Scale bars: 500 µm (a), 200 µm (b), 100 µm (b′, c, d), 40 µm (e), 30 µm (f), 20 µm (g, h).
Fig. 1 in Eudiaptomus transylvanicus and E. vulgaris (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae): comparative morphology, distribution and ecology
Fig. 1. Eudiaptomus transylvanicus (Daday, 1891), female. a – habitus, lateral view; b – genital compound somite; c, c′ – mandible; d – rostrum; e – endopod of leg 2, with Schmeilsche lobus; f – leg 5; g – exopods 2 and 3 of leg 5; h – endopod of leg 5. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a), 200 µm (b), 50 µm (c, e), 40 µm (d, g), 10 µm (c′, f, h).
Fig. 4 in Eudiaptomus transylvanicus and E. vulgaris (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae): comparative morphology, distribution and ecology
Fig. 4. Eudiaptomus vulgaris (Schmeil, 1898), male. a – habitus, lateral view; b – ultimate segments of right antennule; c – leg 5; d – right leg 5 (coxa and basis) and left leg 5; e – rostrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a), 200 µm (c), 300 µm (b), 50 µm (d, e).
Fig. 6 in Marine insects of the Maldives (Heteroptera: Gerridae, Hermatobatidae and Veliidae; Diptera: Chironomidae) with notes on taxonomy, Indo-Pacific distribution, and ecology
Fig. 6. Hermatobates djiboutensis. Specimens from Meerufenfushi Island, Kaafu (North Malé) Atoll, 14 November 2006. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. A, male, dorsal view; B, male ventral view (length ca. 3.8 mm); C, male front leg showing teeth and tubercles on tibia (length of femur ca. 0.8 mm); D, female, dorsal view (length ca. 3.6 mm); E, female, ventral view.
Fig. 5 in Marine insects of the Maldives (Heteroptera: Gerridae, Hermatobatidae and Veliidae; Diptera: Chironomidae) with notes on taxonomy, Indo-Pacific distribution, and ecology
Fig. 5. Halobates germanus. Specimens collected inside Haa Alifu Atoll at night, January 2007. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. A, adult female, dorsal view (body length = 3.7 mm); B, male genitalia, dorsal view (genital segment length = 1.9 mm); C, male genitalia, ventral view (genital length = 1.5 mm).
Fig. 4 in Marine insects of the Maldives (Heteroptera: Gerridae, Hermatobatidae and Veliidae; Diptera: Chironomidae) with notes on taxonomy, Indo-Pacific distribution, and ecology
Fig. 4. Halobates formidabilis. Specimens from Maalhendhoo Island, Noonu Atoll, 5 May 2013. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. A, 5th instar nymph, dorsal view, showing colour pattern (length = 4.2 mm); B, adult male, dorsal view (length = 5.6 mm); C, male genitalia, dorsal view (genital segment length = 2.0 mm); D, male genitalia, ventral view (genital length = 1.4 mm).
Fig. 3. Halobates formidabilis. 5 in Marine insects of the Maldives (Heteroptera: Gerridae, Hermatobatidae and Veliidae; Diptera: Chironomidae) with notes on taxonomy, Indo-Pacific distribution, and ecology
Fig. 3. Halobates formidabilis. 5th instar nymph, live individual, Dhidhdhoofinolhu Island, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, 13 May 2006; not measured, approximate length 5 mm. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view, note uniform pale colouration.
Data from: Distribution, ecology, and natural history of the recently rediscovered and critically endangered Santa Marta Sabrewing
<div><strong>Description for "RawData&media_Cphainopeplus" dataset.</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>Data from: Distribution, ecology, and natural history of the recently rediscovered and critically endangered Santa Marta Sabrewing</div> <div>MS bioRxiv ID: </div> <div>Article DOI:</div> <div> </div> <div>Please address questions to:</div> <div> </div> <div>Esteban Botero D., Dr.Sc.</div> <div>Director of Conservation Science</div> <div>SELVA: Research for Conservation in the Neotropics</div> <div>http://www.selva.org.co</div> <div>https://www.selva.org.co/integrantes/esteban-botero-delgadillo/</div> <div>e-mail: eboterod@gmail.com; esteban.botero@selva.org.co</div> <div> </div> <div>=====================================================================================</div> <div>=====================================================================================</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div><strong>General information:</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>The whole dataset contains information on Santa Marta Sabrewing, a critically endangered (CR) hummingbird species endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia. Part of the data are of public access and consist of historical geographic records, while another part contains data collected from a focal study population of Santa Marta Sabrewing inhabiting along the La Macana stream, in the Guatapurí River Basin, Cesar Department. No exact coordinates from the focal population were included in this dataset or related documents/materials to protect these locations.</div> <div> </div> <div>The data set is comprised by an Excel file (four spreadsheets) and two short video files that are explained below.</div> <div> </div> <div>*************************************************************************************</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Excel file "RawData_Cphainopeplus.xlsx" (created 12-02-2024)</strong></div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>********** Spreadsheet "1. ConfirmedLoc" **********</div> <div>This spreadsheet contains metadata for the only five records of Santa Marta Sabrewing with confirmatory evidence.</div> <div> </div> <div>The matrix contains the following variables:</div> <div> </div> <div>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</div> <div> </div> <div>Locality: Name of the locality as described in museums or public databases.</div> <div>Department: Name of department where the locality is found.</div> <div>Latitude: Latitude in decimal degrees.</div> <div>Longitude: Longitude in decimal degrees.</div> <div>Record status: Confirmed (with confirmatory evidence) or unconfirmed (without or needing further examination).</div> <div>Evidence: Evidence available to confirm the record.</div> <div>Source: Source of the record.</div> <div>Observations: Additional information for each row.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>********** Spreadsheet "2. PointCountDat" **********</div> <div>This spreadsheet contains information from bird counts aimed at detecting Santa Marta Sabrewing.</div> <div> </div> <div>The matrix contains the following variables:</div> <div> </div> <div>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</div> <div> </div> <div>ID: Point-count station ID.</div> <div>Elevation: Elevation in m.</div> <div>Native: Proportion (0–1) of native vegetation 100 m around the point coordinates.</div> <div>Transformed: Proportion (0–1) of transformed vegetation 100 m around the point coordinates.</div> <div>R1: First point-count replicate, with 0 = absence and 1 = presence.</div> <div>R2: Second point-count replicate, with 0 = absence and 1 = presence.</div> <div>R3: Third point-count replicate, with 0 = absence and 1 = presence.</div> <div>R4: Fourth point-count replicate, with 0 = absence and 1 = presence.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>********** Spreadsheet "3. Behav" **********</div> <div>This spreadsheet contains information from ad libitum observations to characterize habitat associations and general behaviour of Santa Marta Sabrewing.</div> <div> </div> <div>The matrix contains the following variables:</div> <div> </div> <div>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</div> <div> </div> <div>Date: Date (day/month/year).</div> <div>Hour: Hour in 24h format.</div> <div>Elevation: Elevation in m.</div> <div>No. Indiv.: No. of individuals of Santa Marta Sabrewing recorded.</div> <div>Behaviour: Simple categories describing sabrewing behaviour.</div> <div>Habitat: Simple categories describing habitat type where sabrewing was recorded.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>********** Spreadsheet "4. HabitatNeu" **********</div> <div>This spreadsheet contains estimated quantities for estimating Neu´s habitat proportions for Santa Marta Sabrewing. </div> <div> </div> <div>The matrix contains the following variables:</div> <div> </div> <div>VARIABLE DESCRIPTION</div> <div> </div> <div>Habitat: Simple categories describing habitat type where sabrewing was recorded.</div> <div>Obs. Count: No. of Santa Marta Sabrewing records in each habitat type.</div> <div>Hab. Prop.: Proportional area (0–1) of each habitat type in study area.</div> <div>Expected Use: Expected No. of records based on each habitat's proportional area.</div> <div>Sel. Ratio: Ratio between observed count and expected use.</div> <div>Standard. Ratio: Standardized selection ratio (0–1).</div> <div> </div> <div>*************************************************************************************</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Video file "Campylopterus_threat.mp4" (modified 09-02-2024)</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>A slow-motion (~0.1 x) video showing a perching male Santa Marta Sabrewing involved in a persecution flight with a conspecific male aggressor. <span>Footage was taken along the course of La Macana stream, near Chemesquemena village (Cesar Department, northern Colombia). </span>Video: Elquin Toro © (reproduced with permission).</div> <div> </div> <div>*************************************************************************************</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Video file "Campylopterus_fight.mp4" (modified 09-02-2024)</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>A lek-attending male Santa Marta Sabrewing vocalizing in a perch and subsequently adopting a threatening body posture with wing and tail feathers extended towards a conspecific male intruder. <span>Footage was taken along the course of La Macana stream, near Chemesquemena village (Cesar Department, northern Colombia). </span>Video: Elquin Toro © (reproduced with permission).</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>=====================================================================================</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Methodological information (for more details, please see the related manuscript):</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>We conducted a thorough revision of scientific literature, international public databases, digital collections, and museum international/national bird collections in search of geographical records of Santa Marta Sabrewing.</div> <div> </div> <div>Aside from the locality where the focal population was found (along the La Macana stream, near the Chemesquemena village, Cesar department), we also conducted three 4–7-day field expeditions to three other localities where Santa Marta Sabrewing could stably occur: San Lorenzo ridge (Magdalena Department); the upper Rioancho River basin, in Dibulla (La Guajira Department); Aracataca (Magdalena Department).</div> <div> </div> <div>We projected Santa Marta Sabrewing's extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO). Our EOO and AOO projections were compared with the threshold values given under the IUCN’s criteria B1 and B2 (IUCN 2022). To this end, we delimited suitable habitat in ArcGIS Desktop 10 (ESRI 2011) using a vegetation layer from the CORINE Land Cover Methodology from Colombia, 2018, at 1:100,000 scale (IDEAM 2021), and a layer of biomes compiled in the public-access portal of the Land-use Planning Geographic Information System (SIG-OT) of the “Agustín Codazzi” Geographic Institute of Colombia (https://geoportal.igac.gov.co).</div> <div> </div> <div>We conducted bird counts from September to December 2022 to estimate local abundance along the course of La Macana stream, near Chemesquemena village. Bird surveys were carried out using 20 georeferenced point-count stations (30 m radius), in which one observer searched for Santa Marta Sabrewing for 15 min. One count per station was conducted every month between 07:00 to 11:00s. Detection histories were analysed using the <em>occu</em> function in the <em>unmarked</em> package (Fiske and Chandler 2011) in R 4.0.2 (R Core Team 2020).</div> <div> </div> <div>In the same locality, we also conducted ad libitum observations from July 2022 to October 2023 to describe different aspects of the species’ natural history. We conducted 2–3-day monthly visits to monitor individuals and territories year-round. We described feeding habits and aspects of social or breeding behaviour, including territorial and lekking displays, vocal activity, and lek conformation.</div> <div> </div> <div>Lastly, we performed acoustic analysis focused on a description of Santa Marta Sabrewing territorial calls based on three males. We selected and analyzed a single high-quality recording per male of 20 seconds each. We used a Zoom H6 recorder coupled with a Rode NTG4 phantom-powered shotgun microphone. We visualized and analyzed the recordings using the Seewave package (Sueur et al. 2008) in R.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div><strong>References:</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>ESRI (2011). ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10. Redlands, CA, USA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.</div> <div> </div> <div>Fiske, I., and Chandler, R. (2011). “unmarked”: an R package for Fitting Hierarchical Models of Wildlife Occurrence and Abundance. J. Stat. Soft. 43: 1–23.</div> <div> </div> <div>IDEAM (2021). Leyenda nacional de coberturas de la tierra. Metodología CORINE Land Cover adaptada para Colombia escala 1:100.000 (período 2018). Bogotá, Colombia: Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM).</div> <div> </div> <div>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022). Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf</div> <div> </div> <div>R Core Team. (2020). R: a language and environment for statistical computing, version 4.0.2. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http://www.R.project.org</div> <div> </div> <div>Sueur, J., Aubin, T., and Simonis, C. (2008). Seewave: a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis. Bioacoustics 18: 213–226.</div> <div> </div> <div>=====================================================================================</div> <div>=====================================================================================</div> <p> </p>
Figure 3 in Distribution and roosting ecology of the lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae)
Figure 3. Map shows the distribution of lesser mouse-tailed bat, Rhinopoma hardwickii. The locations of roost sites were abbreviated and shown in the map: 1) AGC – Agra, 2) SFA – Sangam Fort (Allahabad), 3) NTB – Neelkanth Temple Kalinjar (Banda), 4) BAC – Banda, 5) PKC – Purani kotwali (Chitrakoot), 6) AFE – Awagdh Fort (Etah), 7) FBC – Faizabad, 8) FPC – Fatehpur, 9) EPF – Edalpur (Firozabad), 10) JFJ– Jaunpur Fort (Jaunpur), 11) BMJ – Bukhara, Mauranipur (Jhansi), 12) JHC – Jhansi, 13) LPC – Lalitpur, 14) TFL – Talbahte Fort (Lalitpur), 15) KKL – Kakori (Lucknow), 16) TTM– Tirthankar Temple (Mahowa), 17) MFM – Mirzapur Fort (Mirzapur), 18) KBP – Khusaroo bagh, 19) RBC – Raebareli, 20) SPC – Sultanpur, 21) UNC – Unnao.
Figures 1-3 in Redescription of Agrilus (Agrilus) piuraensis Juárez & González, 2017 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae), with notes on its ecology and distribution in Peru
Figures 1-3. Agrilus (Agrilus) piuraensis Juárez & González, 2017. 1a-b. Female, dorsal and ventral view. 2a–b. Male, dorsal and ventral view. Scale: 5 mm. 3. Aedeagus, ventral view. Scale: 1 mm. / 1ab. Hembra, vista dorsal y ventral. 2a-b. Macho, vista dorsal y ventral. Escala: 5 mm. 3. Edeago, vista ventral. Escala: 1 mm.
Figures 6-7 in Redescription of Agrilus (Agrilus) piuraensis Juárez & González, 2017 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae), with notes on its ecology and distribution in Peru
Figures 6-7. Agrilus (Agrilus) piuraensis Juárez & González, 2017. 6. Feeding on leaves of Senna sp. 7. Copulating on leaves of Senna sp. / 6. Alimentándose sobre hojas de Senna sp. 7. Copulando sobre hojas de Senna sp.
Figures 4-5 in Redescription of Agrilus (Agrilus) piuraensis Juárez & González, 2017 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae), with notes on its ecology and distribution in Peru
Figures 4-5. Agrilus (Agrilus) piuraensis Juárez & González, 2017. 4a-b. Male, dorsal view and labels. (BMNH). Scale: 5 mm. Photographs by Keita Matsumoto (BMNH). 5a-b. Holotype, dorsal view and labels. (MUPRG). Scale: 5 mm. / 4a-b. Macho, vista dorsal y etiquetas. (BMNH). Escala: 5 mm. FotografÍas por Keita Matsumoto (BMNH). 5a-b. Holotipo, vista dorsal y etiquetas (MUPRG). Escala: 5 mm.
Figure 2 in Taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of crustacean zooplankton in trough waters of Ankara (Turkey)
Figure 2. UPGMA illustrates the clustering relationships of 12 zooplankton species. Abbreviations: EU: Eucyclops serrulatus; PC: Paracyclops chiltoni; AR: Acanthocyclops robustus; PF: Paracyclops fimbiratus; AV: Acanthocyclops vernalis; MH: Macrothrix hirsuticornis; CS: Chydorus sphaericus; PA: Pleuroxus aduncus; OT: Oxyurella tenuicaudis; LL: Leydigia leydigi; CAN: Canthocamptus staphylinus; ATT: Attheyalla crassa.
Figure 4 in Taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of crustacean zooplankton in trough waters of Ankara (Turkey)
Figure 4. Number of species (species no.) and numbers of troughs (trough no.) at 100-m altitudinal ranges.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.