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193 results for “diversity dynamics”
Fig. 9 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 9. Spatiotemporal variation in species turnover measured as Mean Local Turnover βwL of Diptera (A) and Auchenorrhyncha (B) trapped during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Data were plotted on a grid of elevation zone (vertical axis) and months (horizontal axis) and mapped using the multiquadric gridding algorithm in the gridding module of PAST. Values of βwL (indicated by colour scale bar) vary between 0 (complete identity) and 1.0 (complete non-identity). Data are not available for January and February at <500 m and 500–1,000 m.
Fig. 7 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 7. Monthly variation in Equitability (J) of Diptera assemblages during 12 months of sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. Only points linking data from elevation zones 2,000–2,500 m and>2,500 m are connected by lines. Equitability declines profoundly at higher elevations between September and November indicating a decline in evenness of Diptera assemblages with corresponding prevalence of a number of relatively abundant species compared with other times of year and other elevations.
Fig. 5 in Spatiotemporal dynamics of insect diversity in tropical seasonal forests is linked to season and elevation, a case from northern Thailand
Fig. 5. Spatiotemporal variation in abundance and species richness of Diptera and Auchenorrhyncha trapped over 12 months sampling over six 500 m elevation zones at Doi Inthanon in 2014. The left panel shows Relative Abundance, A* (number of individuals caught. trap-1. month-1) as log (1+A*) for Diptera (A) and Auchenorryncha (C). The right panel shows observed species richness, S, for Diptera (B) 10 obs and Auchenorryncha (D). Data were plotted on a grid of elevation zone (vertical axis) and months (horizontal axis) and mapped using the multiquadric gridding algorithm in the gridding module of PAST. Values of log10(1+A*) and Sobs are indicated by the colour scale bars. Data are not available for January and February at <500 m and 500–1,000 m.
Figure 2 in Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the experiment's plantation and IPM methodology, C.n: Cydnoseius negevi, A.s: Amblyseius swirskii, and P.p Phytoseiulus persimilis. (Photo credits: Dr. Zidan has created this diagram on www.biorender.com).
Figure 1 in Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics
Figure 1. Google Earth map photography of the experimental locations (pointed with pin) – i) Om Sabir, Kom Hamada, El Beheira Governorate (30° 29' 50.6" N, 30° 46' 18.8" E), and ii) Kom Oshim, Fayoum Governorate (29° 34' 40.9" N, 30° 55' 38.3" E).
Data and software for: Temporal novelty detection and multiple timescale integration drive Drosophila orientation dynamics in temporally diverse olfactory environments
<p>To survive, insects must effectively navigate odors plumes to their source. In natural plumes, turbulent winds break up smooth odor regions into disconnected patches, so navigators encounter brief bursts of odor interrupted by bouts of clean air. The timing of these encounters plays a critical role in navigation, determining the direction, rate, and magnitude of insects' orientation and speed dynamics. Disambiguating the specific role of odor timing from other cues, such as spatial structure, is challenging due to natural correlations between plumes' temporal and spatial features. Here, we use optogenetics to isolate temporal features of odor signals, examining how the frequency and duration of odor encounters shape the navigational decisions of freely-walking <em>Drosophila</em>. We find that fly angular velocity depends on signal frequency and intermittency – fraction of time signal can be detected – but not directly on durations. Rather than switching strategies when signal statistics change, flies smoothly transition between signal regimes, by combining an odor offset response with a frequency-dependent novelty-like response. In the latter, flies are more likely to turn in response to each odor hit only when the hits are sparse. Finally, the upwind bias of individual turns relies on a filtering scheme with two distinct timescales, allowing rapid and sustained responses in a variety of signal statistics. A quantitative model incorporating these ingredients recapitulates fly orientation dynamics across a wide range of environments and shows that temporal novelty detection, when combined with odor motion detection, enhances odor plume navigation.</p>
Fig. 3 in Diversity dynamics of Early-Middle Jurassic brachiopods of Caucasus, and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian mass extinction
Fig. 3. Total species diversity changes, origination and extinction rates of NW Caucasus brachiopods in Early–Middle Jurassic.
Data from: Diversity dynamics of microfossils from the Cretaceous to the Neogene show mixed responses to events
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Machine learning reveals dynamic controls of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from diverse long-term cropping systems
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Data and software for: Temporal novelty detection and multiple timescale integration drive Drosophila orientation dynamics in temporally diverse olfactory environments
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The evolution, complexity and diversity of models of long-term forest dynamics
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Data from: Functional diversity buffers the effects of a pulse perturbation on the dynamics of tritrophic food webs
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Pathogen dynamics across the diversity of ageing
<p>Reproduction, mortality and immune function often change with age, but do not invariably deteriorate. Across the tree of life, there is extensive variation in age-specific performance and changes to key life-history traits. These changes occur on a spectrum from classic senescence, where performance declines with age, to juvenescence, where performance improves with age. Reproduction, mortality and immune function are also important factors influencing the spread of infectious disease, yet there exists no comprehensive investigation into how the ageing spectrum of these traits impacts epidemics.We used a model laboratory infection system to compile an ageing profile of a single organism, including traits directly linked to pathogen resistance, and those that should indirectly alter pathogen transmission by influencing demography. We then developed generalizable epidemiological models demonstrating that different patterns of ageing produce dramatically different transmission landscapes: in many cases ageing can reduce the probability of epidemics, but it can also promote severity. This work provides context and tools for use across taxa by empiricists, demographers and epidemiologists, advancing our ability to accurately predict factors contributing to epidemics, or the potential repercussions of senescence manipulation.</p>
Diversity of response and effect traits provides complementary information about avian community dynamics linked to ecological function
<p>Functional diversity metrics based on species traits are widely used to investigate ecosystem functioning. In theory, such metrics have different implications depending on whether they are calculated from traits mediating responses to environmental change (response traits) or those regulating function (effect traits), yet trait choice in diversity metrics is rarely scrutinized. Here, we compile effect and response traits for British bird species supplying two key ecological services – seed dispersal and insect predation – to assess the relationship between functional diversity and both mean and stability of community abundance over time. As predicted, functional diversity correlates with stability in community abundance of seed dispersers when calculated using response traits. However, we found a negative relationship between functional diversity and mean community abundance of seed dispersers when calculated using effect traits. Subsequently, when combining all traits together, we found inconsistent results with functional diversity correlating with reduced stability in insectivores, but greater stability in seed dispersers. Our findings suggest that trait choice should be considered more carefully when applying such metrics in ecosystem management.</p>
Supplementary material 2: Seu Nico Community Dynamics from: Tree Diversity and Dynamics of the Forest of Seu Nico, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5425 (31 July 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5425
2868 tree occurrences from two census within 100 plots of 10x10 m in the Forest of Seu Nico (FSN), Viçosa municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, including measurements of each tree as well as environmental data from all 100 plots. Dataset consists of seven independent files
Figure 1. from: Tree Diversity and Dynamics of the Forest of Seu Nico, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5425 (31 July 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5425
Figure 1. - The Forest of Seu Nico (FSN) covers the bottom and the slopes of a small valley on the Bom Sucesso Farm in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Photograph by M. Gastauer from northeastern direction.
Lineage-Specific Class-A GPCR Dynamics Reflect Diverse Chemosensory Adaptations in Lophotrochozoa
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Eco-evolutionary dynamics modulate plant responses to global change depending on plant diversity and species identity
Global change has dramatic impacts on grassland diversity. However, little is known about how fast species can adapt to diversity loss and how this affects their responses to global change. Here, we performed a common garden experiment testing whether plant responses to global change are influenced by their selection history and the conditioning history of soil at different plant diversity levels. Using seeds of four grass species and soil samples from a 14-year-old biodiversity experiment, we grew the offspring of the plants either in their own soil or in soil of a different community, and exposed them either to drought, increased nitrogen input, or a combination of both. Under nitrogen addition, offspring of plants selected at high diversity produced more biomass than those selected at low diversity, while drought neutralized differences in biomass production. Moreover, under the influence of global change drivers, soil history, and to a lesser extent plant history, had species-specific effects on trait expression. Our results show that plant diversity modulates plant-soil interactions and growth strategies of plants, which in turn affects plant eco-evolutionary pathways. How this change affects species' response to global change and whether this can cause a feedback loop should be investigated in more detail in future studies.
Data set - Island area and historical geomorphological dynamics shape multifaceted diversity of barrier island floras
<div> <p><span>The influence of island dynamics and characteristics on taxonomic diversity, particularly species richness, are well studied. Yet, our knowledge on the influence of island dynamics and characteristics on other facets of diversity, namely functional and phylogenetic diversity, is limited, constraining our understanding of assembly processes on islands (e.g., biogeographic history, dispersal and environmental filtering, and species interactions). Using barrier islands, a highly dynamic and so far, understudied island type, we investigate how multiple facets of vascular plant diversity (functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity) are shaped by island geomorphology, modern and historic area, and habitat heterogeneity. In line with our expectation, historical dynamics in island geomorphology affected phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity via habitat heterogeneity. However, island area was the best predictor across all facets of diversity. Specifically, larger islands had higher functional and phylogenetic diversity than expected by chance while most of the smaller islands had lower diversity. The influence of area on functional diversity acted via habitat heterogeneity, with habitat heterogeneity influencing negatively functional diversity. Our results suggest that larger islands accumulate functionally and phylogenetically unique species. Further, results for functional diversity pointed towards potential area-heterogeneity trade-offs, with these trade-offs likely resulting from increased interspecific competition favoring a specific set of trait values (of stronger competitors), particularly on smaller islands. Together, these results demonstrate that going beyond taxonomic diversity contributes to identifying underlying processes shaping diversity-area relationships. </span></p> </div>
Population dynamics of Amazonian floodplain forest species support spatial variation on genetic diversity but not range expansions through time
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We tested if historical demographic changes of populations occurring on the floodplains of a major Amazon Basin tributary could be associated with range expansions from upper and middle sections of the river, following the establishment of widespread river-created environments during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Solimões River, Western Amazon, South America.</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong><em>Myrmoborus lugubris</em>, <em>Thamnophilus cryptoleucus</em> and <em>Myrmotherula assimilis</em>.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We explored spatial patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among sampled localities using thousands of Ultra-Conserved Elements. Range expansions were tested with alternative methods. We quantified habitat preference for the analyzed species to test whether the occupation of dynamic habitats could predict spatial patterns of genetic diversity.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study did not support shared population range expansions related to historical regionalized changes in habitat availability. We found considerable variation in the spatial distribution of the genetic diversity between studied taxa, and that species with higher levels of specialization to dynamic environments have a more heterogeneous distribution of genetic diversity and reduced levels of gene flow across space.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Our results suggest that demographic expansions along the Solimões River might be linked to spatially homogeneous oscillation in the distribution of floodplain environments, promoting effective population size changes but not range expansion. We found that habitat specificity might be a good predictor of population connectivity along the Amazonian floodplains.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.