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71 results for “dynamic lighting”
Fine-scale temporal dynamics of flower visitors sheds light on the pollination strategy of a dioecious palm in the Ecuadorian Andes
<p>Background: Dioecious plants generally display sexual dimorphism in male and female floral traits, potentially attracting slightly different pollinator communities. The sharing of common floral visitors between male and female flowers and their timing of visits to both sexes is of critical importance to ensure plant's reproductive success. Palm inflorescences are visited by abundant and diverse insect communities, yet the temporal patterns of insect visits on both sexes remain poorly known.</p> <p>Results: We report 59 morphospecies in the arthropod community, dominated by three beetle families: Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae and Curculionidae. Male inflorescences were more abundantly visited than female, but visitors of the later were taxonomically more diverse. Among the 16 pollinator candidates identified, 9 visited both inflorescence sexes synchronously at dusk /night whereas the others did so asynchronously during the day.</p> <p>Conclusion: Our study provides new insights into the pollination mechanism of P. aequatorialis. We found evidence of differential pollinator attraction between floral sexes, which may be explained by the sexual dimorphism of both flowers. Synchronicity in dusk/night visits of both inflorescence sexes suggests a sexual synchronization of the signal used to attract pollinators.</p>
Coastal upwelling may strengthen the controls of herbivory and light over the population dynamics of Hedophyllum sessile in the Oregon rocky intertidal
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Data from: Larval development under continuous and dynamic light pollution alters sexual dimorphism in a moth species
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Data from: Effects of soil type and light on height growth, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen dynamics on 22 species of tropical dry forest tree seedlings: comparisons between legumes and nonlegumes
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Fine-scale temporal dynamics of flower visitors sheds light on the pollination strategy of a dioecious palm in the Ecuadorian Andes
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Percent light penetration: Nitrogen Addition and Dynamics of Recovery from Cessation of N Addition
This experiment was established on top of E002 in fields A and C. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to receive no more fertilizer. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a description of fertilizer added to E097, see file fertilization details. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte97.
Percent light penetration: Herbivory by Nitrogen Interactive Effects on Community and Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics
E172 is an herbivory experiment established by Dave Tilman in fall 2004 by enclosing in deer fences three randomly selected plots from the six replicates of each control and each treatment in the N addition E001 experiment in field C. These plots still receive the nutrient treatments prescribed in the Experiment 001 protocols. From 1982-2004 a fence containing all of e001 plots in Field C was designed to exclude deer and all small mammals, including mice, voles and pocket gophers. This fence was removed in Fall of 2004 and individual plots designated for e172 were enclosed in deer fences. The purpose of E001 was to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time would affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. The plots are in a 6 by 9 grid and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June.
Multi-site grassland plant biomass, species richness and light (PAR):e247: Nutrient Network: A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Percent light penetration: Successional Dynamics on a Resampled Chronosequence
The purpose of this observational study is to describe the dynamics of ecosystem succession. The change in the number, type, and amount of plant and grazing animal species is monitored in more than 20 fields. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. Permanent transects have been established in these abandoned fields for purposes of sampling in a consistent location from year to year. Permanent plots along these transects have been used to sample soil nutrients, (in particular, nitrogen) abundance of vegetation, species composition and herbivore populations. The sampling occurs approximately every 6 years. In the initial survey, 100 quadrats of size 1 by 0.5 m were sampled per field in 23 different fields. Abandoned fields included in E014 are 4, 5, 10, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 53, 70, 72, 76, 77. Fields 22(B), 29(A), and 69(C) were originally included in E014 but used for other purposes shortly after the start of the study. This experiment was established in 1983 and 1989 by principal investigators Johannes Knops and David Tilman. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that th
Data from: Temporal dynamics of competitive fertilization in social groups of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) shed new light on avian sperm competition
<p><span>Studies of birds have made a fundamental contribution to elucidating sperm competition processes, experimentally demonstrating the role of individual mechanisms in competitive fertilisation. However, the relative importance of these mechanisms and the way in which they interact under natural conditions remain largely unexplored. Here, we conduct a detailed behavioural study of freely-mating replicate groups of red junglefowl, <i>Gallus gallus</i>, to predict the probability that competing males fertilise individual eggs over the course of 10-day trials. Remating frequently with a female and mating last increased a male's probability of fertilisation, but only for eggs ovulated in the last days of a trial. Conversely, older males, and those mating with more polyandrous females, had consistently lower fertilisation success. Similarly, resistance to a male's mating attempts, particularly by younger females, reduced fertilisation probability. After considering these factors, male social status, partner relatedness and the estimated state of a male extragonadal sperm reserves did not predict sperm competition outcomes. These results shed new light on sperm competition dynamics in taxa such as birds, with prolonged female sperm storage and staggered fertilisations.</span></p>
Data from: Genet dynamics of a regenerating dwarf bamboo population across heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest understorey
Despite the advantage of plant clonality in patchy environments, studies focusing on genet demography in relation to spatially heterogeneous environments remain scarce. Regeneration of bamboos in forest understoreys after synchronous die-off provides an opportunity for assessing how they come to proliferate across heterogeneous light environments. In a Japanese forest, we examined genet demography of a population of Sasa kurilensis over a 7-year period starting 10 years after die-off, shortly after which some genets began spreading horizontally by rhizomes. The aboveground biomass was estimated and genets were discriminated in 9-m2 plots placed under both canopy gaps and closed canopies. Overall, the results suggest that the survival and spread of more productive genets and the spatial expansion of genets into closed canopies underlie the proliferation of S. kurilensis. Compared to canopy gaps, the recovery rate of biomass was much slower under closed canopies for the first 10 years after the die-off, but became accelerated during the next seven years. Genet survival was greater for more productive genets (with greater initial number of culms), and the spaces occupied by genets that died were often colonized afterward by clonal growth of surviving genets. The number of genets decreased under canopy gaps due to greater mortality, but increased under closed canopies where greater number of genets colonized clonally from outside the plots than genets died. The colonizing genets were more productive (having larger culms) than those originally germinated within the plots, and the contribution of colonizing genets to the biomass was greater under closed canopies. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating genet dynamics over relevant spatio-temporal scales to reveal processes underlying the success of clonal plants in heterogeneous habitats.
Raw data on dynamic light scattering assessment of small cellular particles isolated from conditioned culture media of Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Effect of Triton X-100 and temperature
<p>Raw data on dynamic light scattering assessment of small cellular particles isolated from conditioned culture media of microalgae <em>Dunaliella tertiolecta</em> (<em>D. tertiolecta</em>)<em> </em>and <em>Phaeodactylum tricurnutum</em> (<em>P. tricornutum</em>)<em> </em>by dynamic light scattering are presented. The project contains spreadsheet files with the measured dependencies of g2 function on time. We collected several g2 functions for each setting (3 for <em>D. tertiolecta</em> samples, 5 for <em>D. tertiolecta</em> with added TX100, 3 for <em>P. tricornutum</em> samples, 3 for <em>P. tricornutum</em> with added TX100). Curves were analyzed independently and compared with the respective averaged curve fitted by the inverse Laplace transform program CONTIN (freely available at: <a href="http://s-provencher.com/index.shtml">http://s-provencher.com/index.shtml</a>, the code was accessed 25. 1. 2011). The correlation curves were fitted with up to 50 exponents.</p> <p>For analysis of stability of small cellular particles with respect to temperature change, we have overall reports for each microalgae type and reports on the size distribution function, data for the g2 function and dependence of scattered light intensity on time for each temperature measured. There were 14 temperatures chosen for each type of microalgae. The files are marked with respective temperatures.</p> <p>The samples were prepared as described below:</p> <p><strong>Cultivation of the algae:</strong> Cultures of <em>D. tertiolecta</em> CCAP 19/22 and <em>P. tricornutum</em> CCAP 1052/1A from the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP) of SAMS (Oban, Scotland) were grown in artificial seawater (Reef Crystals, Aquarium Systems, France). 22 g of salt was dissolved in one litre of distilled water, sterile filtered (0.2-micron cellulose filters, ref. 11107-47-CAN, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Germany), autoclaved, and supplemented with Guillard’s (F/2) Marine Water Enrichment Solution (ref. G0154, Sigma Aldrich, USA). Cultures were grown in a respirometer (Echo, Slovenia) in 0.5-L borosilicate bottles, at 20 °C and 20 % illumination (approximately 250 μmol/m2s) with a 14-hour light / 10-hour dark cycle, with aeration of 0.2 L/min.</p> <p><strong>Isolation of small cellular nanoparticles:</strong> Small cellular particles were isolated by differential centrifugation, using a protocol widely used for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (Théry C, Amigorena S, Raposo G, Clayton A. Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Cell Culture Supernatants and Biological Fluids. Current Protocols in Cell Biology. 2006;30(1). doi:10.1002/0471143030.cb0322s30). Microalgal cells were removed by low-speed centrifugation (300 g, 10 min, 4°C, centrifuge Centric 260R with rotor RA 6/50 (Domel, Slovenia)), using 50 mL conical centrifuge tubes (ref. S.078.02.008.050, Isolab Laborgeräte GmbH, Germany); and 2000 g, 10 min, 4°C (Centric 400R centrifuge with rotor RS4/100 (Domel, Slovenia)), using 15 mL conical centrifuge tubes (ref. S.078.02.001.050, Isolab Laborgeräte GmbH, Germany). Each step was repeated twice. Then, the cell-depleted medium was centrifuged twice at 10 000g and 4°C for 30 min (Beckman L8-70M ultracentrifuge, rotor SW55Ti (Beckman Coulter, USA)), using thin-wall polypropylene centrifuge tubes (ref. 326819, Beckman Coulter, USA) to remove larger cell debris. Finally, small cellular particles were pelleted by centrifugation at 118 000 g and 4°C, for 70 min in the same type of ultracentrifuge and ultracentrifuge tubes. The isolate obtained from about 30 mL of conditioned media was not visible to the eye.</p> <p>For treatment with Triton X-100, the sample was incubated with Triton X-100 at concentration of 0.1%.</p> <p><strong>Dynamic light scattering (DLS): </strong>The average hydrodynamic radius (<em>R</em><sub>h</sub>) of NPs and the average intensity of scattered light (<em>I</em>) were assessed for characterization of small cellular particles by DLS. The value of <em>I</em> was interpreted as a measure of small cellular particles concentration (in the case of preserved particle size distribution) or as a topological change (in the case of altered particle size distribution)(Paterna A, Rao E, Adamo G, et al. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles From Microalgae: A Renewable and Scalable Bioprocess. <em>Front Bioeng Biotechnol</em>. 2022;10:836747. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.836747; Brown W, ed. <em>Dynamic Light Scattering: The Method and Some Applications</em>. Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press; 1993). For analysis of the samples we used Instrument 3D-DLS-SLS cross-correlation spectrometer from LS Instruments GmbH (Fribourg, Switzerla nd) with a 100 mW DPSS laser (Cobolt Flamenco, Cobolt AB, Sweden) having a wavelength λ<sub>0</sub> = 660 nm. Before measurements, samples were equilibrated in a decalin bath at 25 °C for 15 min. The scattered light was measured at an angle <em>θ</em> = 90° for 120 s. The correlation functions and integral time-averaged intensities <em>I</em>(<em>θ</em>)≡ <em>I</em>(<em>q</em>) (where <em>q</em> is the scattering vector, defined as <em>q</em> =(4π<em>n</em><sub>0</sub>/λ<sub>0</sub>)sin(<em>θ</em>/2), with <em>n</em><sub>0</sub> the refractive index of the medium, in our case estimated by the corresponding value for water, i.e. <em>n</em><sub>0</sub> = 1.33 at 25°C), were recorded simultaneously. The <em>R</em><sub>h</sub> values of small cellular particles were obtained from the diffusion coefficients (<em>D</em>) that were assessed from the correlation function of the scattered electric field (<em>g</em><sub>1</sub>(<em>t</em>)). The <em>g</em><sub>1</sub>(<em>t</em>) function was calculated from the measured correlation function of the scattered light intensity <em>g</em><sub>2</sub>(<em>t</em>) by applying Siegert’s relation (Schärtl W. <em>Light Scattering from Polymer Solutions and Nanoparticle Dispersions</em>. Springer; 2007; Shurer CR, Kuo JCH, Roberts LM, et al. Physical Principles of Membrane Shape Regulation by the Glycocalyx. <em>Cell</em>. 2019;177(7):1757-1770.e21. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.017).</p> <p>To convert <em>D</em> to <em>R</em><sub>h</sub>, the Stokes-Einstein equation was used (<em>R</em><sub>h</sub> = <em>kT</em>6π<em>ηD</em>, where <em>k</em> is the Boltzmann constant, <em>T</em> is the absolute temperature, and <em>η</em> is the viscosity of the medium in which the particles diffuse). It was assumed that particles have a spherical shape. The viscosity of the medium was not known. We approximated the viscosity value to that of of water at 25°C.To test the effect of Triton X-100 on the samples, 0.1% (V/V) of Triton X-100 was added to the sample before the measurement. The change in <em>R</em><sub>h</sub> distribution and the change of scattered light intensity (Δ<em>I = I</em><sub>sample </sub><em>- I</em><sub>sample<em>+</em>0.1%.TX100</sub>) was determined.</p> <p>The analysis was made with an in-house created software based on the inverse Laplace transform program CONTIN (freely available at: <a href="http://s-provencher.com/index.shtml">http://s-provencher.com/index.shtml</a>, the code was accessed 25. 1. 2011). We collected several intensity correlation functions for each setting. Curves were analyzed independently and compared with the averaged curve. The correlation curves were fitted with up to 50 exponents.</p> <p>To test the effect of Triton X-100 on NPs, 0.1% (V/V) of Triton X-100 was added to the sample before the measurement. The change in <em>R</em><sub>h</sub> distribution and the change of scattered light intensity (Δ<em>I = I</em><sub>sample </sub><em>- I</em><sub>sample<em>+</em>0.1%.TritonX-100</sub>) was determined.</p> <p>Thermal stability analysis was performed using the LitesizerTM 500 instrument (Anton Paar GmbH). Samples were heated from 15 °C to 80 °C in 5 °C steps. When the target temperature was reached, the samples were equilibrated for another 5 minutes before 10 measurements of 20 s duration were performed. The size distributions were determined from the mean correlation function using the Anton Paar Kalliope Professional; Version 2.16.0. (Anton Paar GmbH), <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/corp-en/products/details/software-for-particle-analysis-kalliopetm/">https://www.anton-paar.com/corp-en/products/details/software-for-particle-analysis-kalliopetm/</a>, applying the CONTIN approach. A new version of Kalliope<sup>TM </sup>4.12.0 <a href="https://www.kalliope.com/2021/05/03/versione-firmware-4-12-0/?lang=en">https://www.kalliope.com/2021/05/03/versione-firmware-4-12-0/?lang=en</a> is freely available online.</p>
Cryo-EM structure and dynamics of the green-light absorbing proteorhodopsin
<p>Data underlying the figures in the publication “Cryo-EM structure and dynamics of the green-light absorbing proteorhodopsin”, published in <em>Nat Commun,</em> <strong>2021</strong>, 12, 4107.</p> <p> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24429-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24429-6</a></p> <p>Table of contents:</p> <p><strong>1. Dataset</strong>; Excel file containing the numerical data for <em>Figures S1A</em> and <em>4C.</em></p> <p><strong>2. Methods</strong>; Word file containing the description of the methods.</p> <p>The cryo-EM map was deposited in the <strong>Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB)</strong> under accession code <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/emdb/EMD-11955">EMD-11955</a> and the protein coordinates were deposited in the <strong>Protein Data Bank (PDB)</strong> with the accession code <a href="https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7B03/pdb">7B03</a>.</p> <p>EMDB: <a href="https://www.emdataresource.org/EMD-11955">https://www.emdataresource.org/EMD-11955</a></p> <p>PDB: <a href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7B03">https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7B03</a> (DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7B03/pdb">10.2210/pdb7B03/pdb</a>)</p>
Ultrafast formation dynamics of D3+ from the light-driven bimolecular reaction of the D2-D2 dimer
<p>All the raw data for the main figures of our literature of "Ultrafast formation dynamics of D<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> from the light-driven bimolecular reaction of the D<sub>2</sub>-D<sub>2</sub> dimer". Molecular dynamics trajectories and the initial configurations are supplied.</p>
Dynamic Light Application to Prevent ICU Acquired Delirium
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01274819. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 41.
ROOM-LIGHT: Dynamic LED-light as Treatment for Depressed Patients in Inpatient Wards
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03363529. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ROOM-LIGHT: Effect of a Dynamic Lighting System in Depressed Inpatients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03821506. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Genet dynamics of a regenerating dwarf bamboo population across heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest understorey
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Data from: Temporal dynamics of competitive fertilization in social groups of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) shed new light on avian sperm competition
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Dynamic light scattering size distribution, ζ-potential data, and fluorescence spectra
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.