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102 results for “edaphism”
Data from: Habitat-based biodiversity responses to macroclimate and edaphic factors in European fen ecosystems
<p>Understanding large-scale drivers of biodiversity in palustrine wetlands is challenging due to the combined effects of macroclimate and local edaphic conditions. In boreal and temperate fen ecosystems, the influence of macroclimate on biodiversity is modulated by hydrological settings across habitats, making It difficult to assess their vulnerability to climate change. Here, we investigate the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on three Essential Biodiversity Variables across eight ecologically defined habitats that align with ecosystem classifications and red lists. We used 27,555 vegetation plot samples from European fens to assess the influence of macroclimate and groundwater pH predictors on the geographic distribution of each habitat type. Additionally, we modeled the relative influence of macroclimate, water pH and water table depth on community species richness and composition, focusing on 309 plant specialists. Our models reveal strong effects of mean annual temperature, diurnal thermal range and summer temperature on biodiversity variables, with contrasting differences among habitats. While macroclimatic factors primarily shape geographic distributions and species richness, edaphic factors emerge as the primary drivers of composition for vascular plants and bryophytes. Annual precipitation exhibits non-linear effects on fen biodiversity, with varying impact across habitats with different hydrological characteristics, suggesting a minimum requirement of 600 mm of annual precipitation for the occurrence of fen ecosystems. Our results anticipate potential impacts of climate warming on European fens, with predictable changes among habitat types and geographic regions. Moreover, we provide evidence that the drivers of biodiversity in boreal and temperate fens are closely tied to the ecological characteristics of each habitat type and the dispersal abilities of bryophytes and vascular plants. Given that the influence of macroclimate and edaphic factors on fen ecosystems is habitat-specific, climate change research and conservation actions should consider ecological differentiation within functional IUCN ecosystems at continental and regional scales.</p>
Stratified vertical sediment profiles increase burrowing crab effects on salt marsh edaphic conditions
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Researcher effects on the biological structure and edaphic conditions of field sites and implications for management
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Data transformations cause altered edaphic-climatic controls and reduced predictability on soil carbon decomposition rates
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Edaphic effects on forest structure and tree species composition in three seasonally dry tropical forest types in Cambodia
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Data from: Specific island biogeographic and landscape features shape plant diversity and habitat specialism on edaphic quartz islands in an arid ocean
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Elevational range-sizes and edaphic associations for plant species of the Mount Kinabalu region of Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia)
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Linking fine-root diameter across root orders with climatic, biological and edaphic factors in the Northern Hemisphere
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Data from: Edaphic factors, successional status, and functional traits drive habitat associations of trees in naturally regenerating tropical dry forests
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Relationship of woody species composition with edaphic characteristics in threatened riparian Atlantic Forest remnants in the upper Rio Doce basin, Brazil
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Polyploidy promotes divergent evolution across the leaf economics spectrum and plant edaphic niche in the Dianthus broteri complex
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Data from: The edaphic control of plant diversity
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Plant specialisation may limit climate‐induced vegetation change to within topographic and edaphic niches on a sub‐Antarctic island
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Data from: Adaptation and divergence in edaphic specialists and generalists: serpentine soil endemics in the California flora occur in barer serpentine habitats with lower soil calcium levels than serpentine tolerators
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Data from: The edaphic environment mediates flowering-time differentiation between adjacent populations of Leptosiphon parviflorus
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Data from: Habitat-based biodiversity responses to macroclimate and edaphic factors in European fen ecosystems
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The contribution of the edaphic factor as a driver of recent plant diversification in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot
<p>1. The high diversification rates of plant lineages in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot have been linked to a complex interaction of climatic stressors, geographic isolation and soil type, but the question remains as to which of these factors has been the most significant environmental driver of recent speciation.</p> <p>2. Here, we draw on distributional data for the entire endemic flora of the Iberian Peninsula, together with DNA-based phylogenies and spatial phylogenetic methods, to explore patterns of relative phylogenetic endemism at different spatial resolutions and phylogenetic scales (superclades) and assess how environmental factors contribute to explain these patterns.</p> <p>3. We found that recent diversification of angiosperms as a whole, and particularly of eudicots, has been boosted by environmental stressors including high values of soil pH and dry-seasonal climatic conditions, while diversification of monocots has not been associated with soil conditions but with high elevation and less seasonal climate.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. These results provide robust insights into the environmental factors driving recent plant diversification in the Mediterranean Basin, including a role of soil properties that had not been quantified before. The contrasting environmental drivers of diversification in Eudicots and Monocots highlight the importance of analyzing spatial phylogenetic patterns at multiple phylogenetic scales to get a better understanding of the processes that shape biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Arctic fungal communities associated with roots of Bistorta vivipara do not respond to the same fine-scale edaphic gradients as the above-ground vegetation
Soil conditions and microclimate are important determinants of the fine-scale distribution of plant species in the Arctic, creating locally heterogeneous vegetation. We hypothesize that root-associated fungal (RAF) communities respond to the same fine-scale environmental gradients as the aboveground vegetation, creating a coherent pattern between aboveground vegetation and RAF. We explored how RAF communities of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plant Bistorta vivipara and aboveground vegetation structure of arctic plants were affected by biotic and abiotic variables at 0.3–3.0-m scales. RAF communities were determined using pyrosequencing. Composition and spatial structure of RAF and aboveground vegetation in relation to collected biotic and abiotic variables were analysed by ordination and semi-variance analyses. The vegetation was spatially structured along soil C and N gradients, whereas RAF lacked significant spatial structure. A weak relationship between RAF community composition and the cover of two ECM plants, B. vivipara and S. polaris, was found, and RAF richness increased with host root length and root weight. Results suggest that the fine-scale spatial structure of RAF communities of B. vivipara and the aboveground vegetation are driven by different factors. At fine spatial scales, neighbouring ECM plants may affect RAF community composition, whereas soil nutrients gradients structure the vegetation.
Genetic consequences of plant edaphic specialisation to solfatara fields; phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of Carex angustisquama (Cyperaceae)
<p>Edaphic specialisation is one of the main drivers of plant diversification and has multifaceted effects on population dynamics. Carex angustisquama is a sedge plant growing only on heavily acidified soil in solfatara fields, where only extremophytes can survive. Because of the lack of closely related species in similar habitats and its disjunct distribution, the species offers ideal settings to investigate the effects of adaptation to solfatara fields and historical biogeography on genetic consequences of plant edaphic specialisation to solfatara fields. Here, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used to reveal the phylogenetic origin of C. angustisquama, and 16 expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat markers were employed to infer population demography of C. angustisquama. Molecular phylogenetic analysis strongly indicated that C. angustisquama formed a monophyletic clade with C. doenitzii, a species growing on non-acidified soil in sympatric sub-alpine zone. The result of population genetic analysis showed that C. angustisquama possesses much lower genetic diversity than the sister species, and notably, all 16 loci were completely homozygous in most individuals of C. angustisquama. Approximate Bayesian computation analysis supported the model that assumed hierarchical declines of population size through its evolutionary sequence. We propose that the edaphic specialist in solfatara fields has newly attained the adaptation to solfatara fields in the process of speciation. Furthermore, we found evidence of a drastic reduction in genetic diversity in C. angustisquama, suggesting that the repeated founder effects associated with edaphic specialisation and subsequent population demography bring the loss of genetic diversity to the extremophyte in solfatara fields.</p>
Data from: Edaphic factors determining the occurrence of herbaceous legumes in Amazonian savannas
Edaphic factors have been indicated as a determinant of the distribution of plant communities in Amazonia. The aim of this study was to detect which edaphic factors determine the occurrence of herbaceous legumes in Amazonian savannas. Therefore, an inventory of herbaceous flora of the family Leguminosae was conducted in 34 permanent plots established in two savanna areas of Roraima, northern Brazilian Amazon. The importance value index was higher for Chamaecrista desvauxii (24.9%), Aeschynomene hystrix (15.7%) and Galactia jussiaeana (10.8%), all having high abundance and wide distribution. The results indicated low density or absence of individuals and species in plots established on poorly drained soils (hydromorphic). Diversity and species richness tended to be higher in habitats formed on well drained soils, greater fertility and lower concentrations of exchangeable aluminum. It is suggested that poor and seasonally flooded soils tend to reduce the chances of occurrence of herbaceous legumes in savanna areas of Roraima, adversely affecting its richness/diversity.
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