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70 results for “environmental dependence”
Data from: Resistance, tolerance and environmental transmission dynamics determine host extinction risk in a load-dependent amphibian disease
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Data from: Stressful city sounds: glucocorticoid responses to experimental traffic noise are environmentally dependent
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The effects of sex on extinction dynamics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii depend on the rate of environmental change
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Data from: Trait interactions effects on tropical tree demography depend on the environmental context
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Dependence of tropical cyclone weakening rate in response to an imposed moderate environmental vertical wind shear on the warm-core strength and height of the initial vortex
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Data from: Environmental constraints on size-dependent signaling affects mating and rival interactions
Advertisement signals can convey information about a sender's characteristics, such as body size. The reliability of signals, however, can be reduced when signal production is partially dependent on the environment. Here we show that display site properties can affect signal production and consequently signal attractiveness in a size-dependent manner. We recorded male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) while manipulating water levels in order to constrain calling. We found that water level affected male call properties in a size-dependent manner, with call amplitude being less affected in smaller males when forced to call in shallow water. Next, we tested how size-dependent and display site-dependent signaling affected female choice and rival competition. Both males and females showed the strongest response to the call of a large male when he was calling at the deepest water levels. However, females showed no preference for large over small males when both were recorded in shallow water levels, or, depending on the call rate and timing of calls, even preferred small males. Likewise, males responded equally to large and small rivals recorded calling during shallow water level trials. Our experiments show that display site properties can influence signal production and attractiveness in a size-dependent manner. These results can have important consequences for the evolution of signaling, as small males may be able to use their size to their advantage when selecting appropriate display sites and thereby outcompete large males.
Data from: Accurate predictions of coexistence in natural systems require the inclusion of facilitative interactions and environmental dependency
1. Coexistence between plant species is well known to depend on the outcomes of species interactions within an environmental context. The incorporation of environmental variation into empirical studies of coexistence are rare, however, due to the complex experiments needed to do so and the lack of feasible modelling approaches for determining how environmental factors alter specific coexistence mechanisms. 2. In this paper, we present a simple modelling framework for assessing how variation in species interactions across environmental gradients impact on niche overlap and fitness differences, two core determinants of coexistence. We use a novel formulation of an annual plant population dynamics model that allows for competitive and facilitative species interactions, and for variation in the strength and direction of these interactions across environmental gradients. Using this framework, we examine outcomes of plant-plant interactions between four commonly co-occurring annual plant species from Western Australian woodlands. We then determine how niche overlap and fitness differences between these species vary across three environmental gradients previously identified as important for structuring diversity patterns in this system: soil phosphorus, shade and water. 3. We found facilitation to be a wide-spread phenomenon and that interactions between most species pairs shift between competitive and facilitative across multiple environmental gradients. Environmental conditions also altered the strength, direction and relative variation of both niche overlap and fitness differences in non-linear and unpredictable ways. Synthesis We provide a simple framework for incorporating environmental heterogeneity into explorations of coexistence mechanisms. Our findings highlight the importance of the environment in determining the outcome of species interactions and the potential for pairwise coexistence between species. The prevalence of facilitation in our system indicates a need to improve current theoretical frameworks of coexistence to include non-competitive interactions, and ways of translating these effects into explicit predictions of coexistence. Our study also suggests a need for further research into determining which factors result in consistent responses of niche overlap and fitness differences to environmental variation. Such information will improve our ability to predict outcomes of coexistence, invasion events and responses of whole communities to future environmental change.
Data from: The sensitivity of seabird populations to density-dependence, environmental stochasticity and anthropogenic mortality
1.The balance between economic growth and wildlife conservation is a priority for many governments. Enhancing realism in assessment of population‐level impacts of anthropogenic mortality can help achieve this balance. Population Viability Analysis (PVA) is commonly applied to investigate population vulnerability, but outcomes of PVA are sensitive to formulations of density‐dependence, environmental stochasticity and life‐history. Current practice in marine assessments is to use precautionary models that assume no compensation from density‐dependence or rescue‐effects via "re‐seeding" from other colonies. However, if we could empirically quantify regulatory population processes, the responses of populations to additional anthropogenic mortality may be assessed with more realism in PVA. 2. Using Bayesian state‐space models fitted to population time‐series from three sympatric seabird populations, selected for varied life histories, we inferred the extent to which their dynamics are driven by environmental stochasticity and density‐dependence. 3. Based on these inferences, we conducted an exhaustive PVA across credible parameterisations for intrinsic and extrinsic population regulation, simulated as a closed and re‐seeded system. Scenarios of anthropogenic mortality, along a sliding scale of precaution, were applied both proportionally and as a fixed quota using Potential Biological Removal (PBR). 4. Baseline results from fitting revealed clear environmental regulation in two of our three species. Crucially, we found that for our empirically derived, realistic model parameterisations there are risks of decline to real populations even under very precautionary mortality scenarios. We find that PBR is dubious in application as a sustainable tool for population assessment when we account for regulation. Closed versus re‐seeded models showed a large divergence in outcomes, with sharper declines in closed simulations. Fixed‐quota mortality typically induced greater population declines comparative to proportional mortality, subject to regulation and re‐seeding. 5. Synthesis and applications: Practitioners using arbitrary formulations of population regulation risk over‐precaution (economic constraint) or under‐precaution (endangering populations). The demands of increased economic development and preservation of wildlife require that methodologies apply techniques that confer reality and rigour to assessment. The current practice of employing models lacking density‐dependence and empirical environmental information imposes limitations in the efficacy of estimating impacts. Here, we provide a method to quantify the conditions that predominantly regulate a population and exacerbate the risk of decline from anthropogenic mortality. It is in the interests of both developers and conservationists to apply methods in population impact assessments that capture realism in the processes driving population dynamics.
Data from: Environmentally dependent host-pathogen and vector-pathogen interactions in the barley yellow dwarf virus pathosystem
1. Understanding environmentally dependent variation in interspecific interactions is needed for evaluating how agroecosystems respond to abiotic stressors, including climate change. Both biotic and abiotic conditions shape crop responses to stress events, but interactions between environmental conditions and insect borne plant pathogens remain poorly understood. 2. We tested the hypothesis that drought stress, as applied by experimental water deprivation, drives conditional outcomes in host–pathogen and host–vector interactions using a cereal–aphid–virus association and greenhouse experiments. 3. Under conditions of ample water supply, infection of wheat plants with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resulted in reduced above-ground growth, seed set, seed yields and seed germination compared with plants exposed only to non-infected (non-viruliferous) aphids or control plants not subjected to aphid infestation. However, when water was chronically limiting, infection with Barley yellow dwarf virus did not significantly affect plant performance. 4. When wheat was subjected to acute drought stress, plants infected with Barley yellow dwarf virus surpassed both control plants and plants exposed to non-infected aphids in all measured performance traits. 5. Feeding experiments with aphid vectors (Rhopalosiphum padi) and subsequent life table analysis revealed that aphid fecundity improved by 47% when feeding on Barley yellow dwarf virus-infected plants when water inputs were chronically low. However, when plants received ample water, aphid fecundity was enhanced by only 23% from feeding on BYDV-infected plants. 6. Synthesis and applications. Collectively, our experiments suggest that wheat– Barley yellow dwarf virus interactions shift along gradients of water stress severity and duration. When Barley yellow dwarf virus infection preceded water deprivation, plant performance was not reduced from virus infection, and infected plants recovered from severe stress events more readily than non-infected plants. However, vector–pathogen mutualism resulting in enhanced reproduction of aphids on virus-infected plants is likely to amplify direct plant injury from herbivory in the field. Our findings indicate that during periods of drought, management of Barley yellow dwarf virus infection may not be needed and infection could benefit wheat under conditions of acute water stress.
Data from: Host sex modulates the energetics of pathogen proliferation and its dependence on environmental resources
<p>Sex differences in immunity are predicted to underlie much of the frequently observed sex differences in the prevalence or severity of infection. We propose the additional hypothesis that differences in the ability of males and females to acquire and use resources will also affect how readily a pathogen can convert host energy into transmission stages, thereby contributing to sex differences in infection dynamics. To test this we manipulated the resource environment of male and female <em>Daphnia magna</em> by altering the availability of food and then exposed hosts to a bacterial pathogen. We measured the production of transmission spores and virulence via the reduction in life span, together with feeding rates and changes in mass-independent metabolic rate, as a measure of the intake and expenditure of energy during infection. When raised in the presence of high resource levels, females more readily allowed for resources in the environment to be translated to pathogen exploitation, as represented by increased spore production, greater virulence, and higher energy use. In contrast, the traits of infected males were robust to changes in resource availability. High food availability thus exaggerated the degree of sexual dimorphism observed between the sexes. It also modified the relationship between host energy use, virulence, and pathogen spore production for each sex. These results suggest that a host's resource environment can affect how a male or female is exploited by a pathogen and may thus be an additional factor driving sex-specific patterns of disease susceptibility or severity.</p>
Data for: Estimating density dependence, environmental variance and long-term selection on a stage-structured life history
<p>We model growth of a density-dependent stage-structured population undergoing small or moderate fluctuations around a deterministically stable equilibrium in a stochastic environment, assuming that a weighted sum of stage abundances, N, exerts density dependence on the stage-specific vital rates of survival and reproduction. We approximate the dynamics of N as a onedimensional stochastic process with three key parameters: the density-independent growth rate and the net density dependence and environmental variance in the life history. Comparisons of populations and species with different life histories are facilitated using the key parameters, which we show how to estimate from long-term demographic data on fluctuations in the vital rates. We also show that life history evolution is a stochastic maximization of a simple function of the key parameters. Elements in the long-term selection gradient acting on the life history can be expressed as sensitivities of this function with respect to density-independent, density-dependent, and stochastic components of the vital rates. Using years of demographic data on a great tit population, we estimate the key demographic parameters, which accurately predict the observed mean, coefficient of variation, and fluctuation rate of N, and also evaluate the long-term selection gradient on the population.</p>
Data for: Akhund-Zade et al The effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral variability depends on genotype, behavior, and type of enrichment
<p>Data and analysis scripts for the manuscript entitled "The effect of environmental enrichment on behavioral variability depends on genotype, behavior, and type of enrichment" by Jamilla Akhund-Zade et al. </p>
Data from: Development of common leaf-footed bug pests depends on the presence and identity of their environmentally-acquired symbionts
<p>Many beneficial symbioses between bacteria and their terrestrial arthropod hosts are vertically transmitted from mother to offspring, ensuring the progeny acquire necessary partners. Unusually, in several families of coreoid and lygeoid bugs (Hemiptera), nymphs must instead ingest the beneficial symbiont, <i>Burkholderia </i>(<i>sensu lato</i>), from the environment early in development. We studied the effects of <i>Burkholderia</i> on development of two species of leaf-footed bug (Coreidae) in the genus <i>Leptoglossus, L. zonatus</i> and <i>L. phyllopus.</i> We found no evidence for vertical transmission of the symbiont, but found stark differences in performance between symbiotic and aposymbiotic individuals. Symbiotic nymphs grew more rapidly, were approximately four times more likely to survive to adulthood than aposymbiotic bugs, and were two times larger. These findings suggest that <i>Burkholderia</i> is an obligate symbiont for <i>Leptoglossus </i>species. We also tested for variation in fitness effects conferred by four symbiont isolates representing different species within <i>Burkholderia</i>'s insect-associated Stinkbug Beneficial and Environmental (SBE) clade. While three isolates conferred similar benefits to hosts, nymphs associated with the fourth isolate grew more slowly and weighed significantly less as adults. The effects of the four isolates were similar for both <i>Leptoglossus</i> species. This work indicates that both <i>Burkholderia </i>acquisition and isolate identity play critical roles in the growth and development of <i>Leptoglossus.</i></p> <p>Importance</p> <p><i>Leptoglossus zonatus</i> and <i>L. phyllopus</i> are important polyphagous pests and both species have been well-studied, but generally without regard to their dependance on a bacterial symbiont. Our results indicate that the central role of <i>Burkholderia</i> in the biology of these insects, as well as in other leaf-footed bugs, should be considered in future studies of coreid life history, ecology and pest management.<i> </i>Our work suggests acquisition of <i>Burkholderia</i> is critical for the growth and development of <i>Leptoglossus </i>species<i>. </i>Further, we found that there was variation in performance outcomes according to symbiont identity, even among members of the Stinkbug Beneficial and Environmental clade. This suggests that although environmental acquisition of a symbiont can provide extraordinary flexibility in partner associations, it also carries a risk if the partner is sub-optimal.</p>
Data for: Torii et al.,Observed Kinetics of Enterovirus Inactivation by Free Chlorine Are Host Cell-Dependent, Environmental Science and Technology, 10.1021/acs.est.2c07048
<p>This folder contains the experimental data to the figures shown in the main manuscript and Supporting Information.</p> <p>- Figure 1 (Inactivation curves for E11 by free chlorine, UV, and heat)</p> <p>- Figure 2 (Inactivation curves for CVA9, CVB1, E7, E9, and E13)</p> <p>- Figure S1 (Loss of attachment and the PCR-target by free chlorine treatment)</p> <p>- Figure S2 (Flow cytometric analysis)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for taxon-dependent effects of dispersal limitation versus environmental filters on bryophyte assemblages―Multiple perspective studies in land-bridge islands
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>: To explore the taxon-dependent contribution of dispersal limitation vs. environmental filters to bryophyte assemblages.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span>: The Thousand Island Lake, China </span></p> <p><strong><span>Taxon</span></strong><span>: Bryophytes</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: We compared the observed beta diversity with the expected values based on six null models (EE, EF, FE, FF, PE, PF) and detected the partial correlation of beta diversity with geographical distances. We quantified the contributions of spatial vs. environmental variables, and island isolation per se to species composition (SC) by using variance partitioning. We modeled the species-area relationships (SARs) for bryophytes and other eight biotas. To explore the taxon-dependent effects of spatial vs. environmental filters on bryophytes, sixteen taxa including five categories (total bryophytes, total mosses, liverworts, acrocarpous and pleurocarpous mosses) and eleven species-richest families were included in the analyses.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: The observed beta diversity values were significantly different from the predicted values based on the six null models for all 16 taxa. For all five categories, the observed partial correlations between beta diversity and geographical distance after controlling environmental effects were not only positive but also significantly different from the predicted values based on the null models. Spatial eigenvectors are more important in shaping SC than environmental variables for all 16 taxa except Brachytheciaceae and Anomodontaceae. Spatial eigenvectors contributed more to SC variation in liverworts than in mosses, and in pleurocarpous mosses than in acrocarpous mosses. The effects of island isolation on SC were significant for all five categories and varied </span><span>highly </span><span>at the family level. The z-values of the SARs for the five bryophyte categories were all larger than those of the other eight biotas.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong></span><span>: In subtropical fragmented forests, dispersal limitation exerted significant, taxon-dependent effects on bryophyte assemblages. It was dispersal limitation rather than environmental filtering that predominantly regulated SC patterns of bryophytes. </span></p>
Effects of Environmental Factors on Opiate Drug Choice in Opioid Dependent Individuals.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00608504. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Quantitative genetic variation in, and environmental effects on, pathogen resistance and temperature-dependent disease severity in a wild trout
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Data from: Development of common leaf-footed bug pests depends on the presence and identity of their environmentally-acquired symbionts
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Data for: Estimating density dependence, environmental variance and long-term selection on a stage-structured life history
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Data from: Environmental constraints on size-dependent signaling affects mating and rival interactions
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.