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986 results for “exchangeability”
Marine plastics alter the organic matter composition of the air-sea boundary layer, with influences on CO2 exchange: a large-scale analysis method to explore future ocean scenarios
<p>Microplastics are substrates for microbial activity and can influence biomass production. This has potentially important implications in the sea-surface microlayer, the marine boundary layer that controls gas exchange with the atmosphere and where biologically produced organic compounds can accumulate. In the present study, we used six large scale mesocosms to simulate future ocean scenarios of high plastic concentration. Each mesocosm was filled with 3 m3 of seawater from the oligotrophic Sea of Crete, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A known amount of standard polystyrene microbeads of 30 μm diameter was added to three replicate mesocosms, while maintaining the remaining three as plastic-free controls. Over the course of a 12-day experiment, we explored microbial organic matter dynamics in the sea-surface microlayer in the presence and absence of microplastic contamination of the underlying water. Our study shows that microplastics increased both biomass production and enrichment of carbohydrate-like and proteinaceous marine gel compounds in the sea-surface microlayer. Importantly, this resulted in a 3 % reduction in the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the underlying water. This reduction was associated to both direct and indirect impacts of microplastic pollution on the uptake of CO2 within the marine carbon cycle, by modifying the biogenic composition of the sea's boundary layer with the atmosphere.</p>
Effect of Textural Properties and Presence of Co-cation on NH3-SCR Activity of Cu-Exchanged ZSM-5
<p><strong>Description of the dataset: </strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Data type</strong>: Experimental spectroscopic measurements, computer simulation and analysis</li> <li>Files are with filename extensions: <strong>DSC</strong>, <strong>DAT</strong>, <strong>m</strong>, <strong>txt</strong></li> <li>Information on <strong>origin of the data</strong>:</li> </ul> <ul> <li>EPR spectroscopic measurements with filename extensions <strong>DSC</strong>, <strong>DTA.</strong></li> <li>EPR spectroscopic simulation and analyses with filename extension <strong>m</strong>.</li> <li>EPR spectra are exported as <strong>txt</strong> files in ASCII format.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>X-band CW-EPR spectroscopic measurements were generated by EMX spectrometer equipped with SHQ cavity produced by Bruker.</li> <li><strong>If t</strong> <ul> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210721_01_CW_Experimental</strong> folder includes X-band CW-EPR spectroscopic measurements; original data are in DTA/DSC and txt. formats.</li> <li>Files in <strong>PARACAT_WP3_20210721_02_CW_Simulations</strong> folder includes computer simulations/analyses of the EPR measurements; data are in m and txt formats.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Information on</strong>: <ul> <li>specialized abbreviations: <strong>EPR</strong> – Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, <strong>CW</strong> – Continuous Wave EPR, <strong>exp </strong>– experimental data, <strong>hyd </strong>– cw-EPR spectra related to hydrated state, <strong>dehyd </strong>– cw-EPR spectra related to the dehydrated state, <strong>sim </strong>– simulation data. <strong>Sys </strong>– copper species used for constructing the spin-Hamiltonian in EPR simulations.</li> <li>definitions of variables: <strong>Magnetic field, Temperature.</strong></li> <li>units of measurement: <strong>Gauss (G), K, degree (°), milliTesla (mT)</strong>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Readout of an antiferromagnetic spintronics system by strong exchange coupling of Mn2Au and Permalloy
<p>Data corresponding to figures 2 and 3 of <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.02333">arXiv:2106.02333</a>.</p> <p>Manuscript accepted by Nature Communications.</p>
H2020 Platone German Demonstrator - Baseline Active Power Exchange at Grid Connection Point (Medium Voltage/Low Voltage)
<p>The given data are computed values for the active power exchange at the medium (MV)/low voltage grid connecting feeder (active power). The data are provided as 15-minutes mean values in kilowatt. The computed indicate the power exchange that would have been measured, in case no use case would have been applied in the field (control of batteries).</p> <p><strong>Data Description:</strong></p> <ul> <li>p_tei_c_mean = arithmetic mean of p_tei computed in 1-minute intervals devided by number of samples available for computing within 15 minutes (p_tei_count)</li> <li>p_tei_c_min = the minimum value (1-minute mean) computed within the period of p_tei_mean (15-minutes)</li> <li>p_tei_c_max = the maximum value (1-minute mean) computed within the period of p_tei_mean period (15-minutes)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Field Test Setup</strong></p> <p>The field test setup of the demonstrator consists of a MV/LV substation, 89 households, 450kW of installed PV generation capacity, a large scale battery with 300 kW and 850 kWh capacity. </p> <p>This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 864300</p>
Black Rock Forest Spring Freeze Defoliation Radial Growth and Leaf-Level Gas Exchange
These data are from a study conducted at Black Rock Forest in Cornwall, New York, USA during 2020 and 2021. This study was conduct to assess the ecophysiological responses of red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum) trees in a temperate broadleaf forests to a spring frost in 2020 that that defoliated red oak trees, but not red maples. We used 2021—a year without a defoliation event—as a reference year. The datasets include tree-level measurements of (1) basal area increment for the early growing season, late growing season, and entire growing season and (2) leaf-level gas exchange (Amax, gsw, and WUE) for red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum). These data are associated with the manuscript “Compensatory Responses of Leaf Physiology Reduce Effects of Spring Frost Defoliation on Temperate Forest Tree Carbon Uptake” by Reinmann et al.2023 in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change.
Absorbed soil nutrients on ion exchange membranes in the reciprocal transplant gardens at Toolik Lake, Coldfoot, and Sagwon in 2016
Transplant gardens at Toolik Lake and Sagwon were established in 2014. At each location, 60 tussocks each from ecotypes of Eriophorum vaginatum from Coldfoot (CF, 67°15′32″N, 150°10′12″W), Toolik Lake (TL, 68°37′44″N, 149°35′0″W), and Sagwon (SG, 69°25′26″N, 148°42′49″W) were transplanted. At the reciprocal transplant gardens, ion exchange membranes were used to measure nutrient availability over two time periods: Early season (June) and mid season (July). Membranes were deployed in the field for either 20 or 21 days, depending on travel constraints.
Ion exchange membrane measure of nutrient availability of the 2015 experimental burn at Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska 2016
An experimental burn conducted in the summer of 2015 to provide sites for an experiment whether seeds of Eriophorum vaginatum from different ecotypes could establish in recently burned areas. It consisted of ten 2 meter X 2 meter plots along with a similar number of control plots. There was little seedling establishment but other data were collected on the plots. Ion exchange membranes were used to measure nutrient availability over two time periods: Early season (June) and mid season (July).
Effect of the aspen leaf miner feeding damage on aspen leaf gas exchange and water relations from south-facing site on the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus: Fairbanks, Alaska 2018
This dataset addresses the effects of epidermal leaf mining by the aspen leaf miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) on the physiology and water relations of aspen leaves. The dataset contains measurements of gas exchange, water potential, water content, and delta13C of aspen leaves manipulated to bear leaf mining damage on the top (adaxial) leaf surface only, the bottom (abaxial) leaf surface only, or no mining damage.
FCE LTER Taylor Slough/Panhandle-7 Site Scrub Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) Leaf Gas Exchange Data, Florida, USA from January-December 2019
Rates of leaf gas exchange were measured monthly during the 2019 calendar year in a scrub Red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle (L.) L.) forest site (TS/Ph-7) near the mouth of Taylor River in southeastern Florida Everglades. Sampling of green mature leaves was designed to target scrub mangrove tree branches growing on slightly higher elevation mangrove island centers versus permanently inundated island edge habitats. Concurrent measurements of water depth and surface and porewater salinity were collected at each of the mangrove island habitats, with the research objective of assessing the effect of physicochemical variables on rates of leaf gas exchange (i.e., assimilation and stomatal conductance). Leaf gas exchange data were collected using the Li-6800 portable photosynthesis system (Li-COR, Lincoln, NE). Additional data on leaf functional traits and nutrient concentrations and environmental data from the site are included. Data are presented in five datasets (.csv).
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE): Sugar Maple Sap Sweetness and Nutrients, and Foliar Gas Exchange and Nutrients, 2013
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) sap sweetness and elemental concentrations, foliar gas exchange, and foliar elemental concentrations were measured in 2013 in Bartlett Experimental Forest stands C6, C8, and C9 and Jeffers Brook stands JBM and JBO. In February and March 2013, sugar maples were sampled for sap sweetness and elemental concentrations of potassium (K), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and strontium (Sr). In July 2013, leaves from four sugar maple trees per plot, representing the two highest and lowest sap sugar concentrations, were sampled for foliar gas exchange and foliar elemental analyses of Ca, K, Mn, P, nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si). Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Measurements of tidal creek discharge measurements during tidal creek lateral exchange measurements approximately every 15 minutes from beginning of flood tide to the following low tide, Rowley, MA, PIE LTER.
Measurement of the volume of water during lateral exchange measurements in tidal creek systems draining predominantly low-elevation marsh dominated by Spartina alterniflora (LM1 and LM2) and high-elevation marsh dominated by Spartina patens (West, Nelson, HM1). Creeks are located in Rowley, MA, PIE LTER.
Water-column conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and pH by deployed sonde during tidal creek lateral exchange measurements approximately every 5 minutes from beginning of flood tide to the following low tide, Rowley, MA, PIE LTER.
Measurement of water-column conductivity, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and pH logged by deployed sonde in tidal creek systems draining predominantly low-elevation marsh dominated by Spartina alterniflora (LM1 and LM2) and high-elevation marsh dominated by Spartina patens (West, Nelson, HM1). Creeks are located in Rowley, MA, PIE LTER.
Underlying data for "Interpretation of Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Data by Maximum-Entropy Reweighting of Simulated Structural Ensembles"
<p>This dataset contains code, data, and figures used in the article "Interpretation of Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Data<br> by Maximum-Entropy Reweighting of Simulated Structural Ensembles".</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>code/* - Underlying code used to analyze molecular dynamics trajectories and calculate predicted HDX-MS data, used to reweight structural ensembles to best fit target HDX-MS data, and used to structurally cluster simulation frames after reweighting</p> <p>data/* - Simulation trajectories of the TeaA protein, along with two sub-trajectories corresponding to only 'closed' or 'open' TeaA frames, and predicted HDX-MS deuterated fractions used as target data in simulation reweighting. Also simulation trajectories of the LeuT protein, in either 'outward-facing' or 'inward-facing' conformational states embedded in a DMPC bilayer, and experimental HDX-MS deuterated fractions used as target data in simulation reweighting</p> <p>figures/* - Underlying data and scripts used to create all figures and movies used in the article.</p> <p>Where appropriate, README files include instructions for regenerating data used in the article, and details of the Python packages used to run Python scripts are available in conda_environment.yml</p>
Data of foreign exchange rates against the Euro
<p>The dataset is made up of a collection of the most recent information on the euro foreign exchange reference rates of 81 currencies published on the website https://datosmacro.expansion.com/divisas at the time of sampling (April 14, 2020).</p> <p>There is a list of 30 reference rates for each currency.</p> <p>The information on the time span of the exchange rates depends on each currency and covers the period from 2018 to 2020 (the most recent published information is collected).</p> <p>Below you can find a description of the attributes that make up the data set:</p> <ul> <li>"<strong>Tipo de cambio</strong>": description of the Euro / foreign exchange reference rate.</li> <li>"<strong>Fecha</strong>": date on which the exchange rate was recorded.</li> <li>"<strong>Cambio</strong>": value of the Euro / foreign exchange reference rate.</li> <li>"<strong>Var.%</strong>": percentage change from the previous recorded foreign exchange reference rate.</li> </ul> <p>File format is <strong>ISO 8859-15 (Latin-9)</strong>.</p> <p>File content: 2431 lines (the first one is the header).</p> <p>File delimiter: "<strong>;</strong>"</p> <p>End-of-line character: <strong>line feed</strong></p> <p> </p>
Air exchange rate dataset of the BELUVA project
<p>This dataset is extracted from the DFG (German Research Foundation) funded project BELUVA. The project is about the determination of air exchange rates in naturally ventilated barns and validation of prediction model.</p> <p>Series of numerical air flow simulations inside and around naturally ventilated barns were undergone for five different parameter, the length to width ratio of the barn (LW), the side curtains position (Curt), the incoming air temperature (T), the incoming air velocity magnitude (Vel) and the incoming air velocity direction (Theta), see the figures “parameters_tree” and “Convection_and_Temp-Vel-pair”. More details can be found in the following papers:</p> <p>On Finding the Right Sampling Line Height through a Parametric Study of Gas Dispersion in a NVB (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104560">https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104560</a>)</p> <p>A Parametric Model for Local Air Exchange Rate of Naturally Ventilated Barns (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081585">https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081585</a>)</p> <p>50 planes of equal distance inside the barn from 0.39 m to 11.66 m height have been designed. Each plan contains a grid of points 100 along the width of the barn and 2, 3 or 4 x 100 points along the length L=2, 3 or 4 x W respectively.</p> <p>Each file contains the coordinates of the grid points of one plan as well as the corresponding, ammonia concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and the Cartesian velocity components. The nomenclature of the file is as follows:</p> <p>Yplane_LW_Curt_Conv_Temp_Vel_Theta_Yx-yz</p> <p>LW: the length to width ratio, LW2, LW3 or LW4 corresponding to L=2, 3, 4 x W</p> <p>Curt: the curtain position, Open (without curtain), OpenUp (curtain from floor to middle opening height) or OpenDown (curtain from roof to middle opening height)</p> <p>Conv: the flow convection type, For (forced convection), Mix (mixed convection), Nat (natural convection)</p> <p>Temp: the temperature, written x-y meaning x.y in Celsius (°C), for example 30-0 means 30°C</p> <p>Vel: the air velocity magnitude, written x-y meaning x.y in m/s, for example 2-7 means 2.7 m/s</p> <p>Theta: the air inlet angle, 0, 45 or 90 deg, see figure “Inlet-angle_and_Length-to-width-ratio”</p> <p>Yx-yz: x-yz referring to the height of the plane x.yz, for example 3-15 means 3.15 m</p> <p>The python script “contour.py” represents an example of use of the dataset. Here it serves to obtain contour plots of the temperature, velocity magnitude and ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations from any case LW_Curt_Conv_Temp_Vel_Theta_Yx-yz. Once the command “python contour.py” is given in the terminal, the user just needs to follow the instructions and the contour plots will be created in the folder “Plots”.</p>
CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) + meteorological parameters in alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, 2020 (IGG-CNR-CZO@NIVOLET)
<p>CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) measured at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, in a high-altitude Alpine grassland environment (about 2500-2700 m.a.s.l.) using the closed portable flux chamber method during the 2020 vegetative season (July-October), approximately twice a month. NEE is measured with a transparent chamber, while ER with a dark chamber (transparent chamber shaded with a cloth). Data represent the average values and the corresponding standard deviations obtained from five sites at different altitudes and soil substrates. Each average value is obtained as a mean over a set of 20 point-measurements for each site and each sampling date. Flux data are complemented by measurements of soil temperature and soil volumetric water content, air temperature, air RH, and solar radiance.</p> <p>During the measurement, air is pumped from the chamber to an IR gas analyzer (IRGA) and then injected again in the chamber. The CO2 concentration inside the chamber is measured for about 90 seconds and then the rate of concentration change is linearly interpolated (over 60s) to obtain the flux measurements. A detailed description of the sampling method can be found in Magnani et al. (2020).</p> <p>Instrumentation used: accumulation chambers (height: 31.5 cm; area of the base: 363 cm2), LI-COR LI-840 & LI-850 IR spectrophotometers, stainless-steel collars (inserted into the soil to a depth of about 1 cm), portable meteorological stations (pyranometer LSI Lastem DPA053, thermohygrometer LSI Lastem DMA672.1), pt100 soil temperature sensors, SM150T soil moisture sensor.</p>
CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) + meteorological parameters in alpine grasslands at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, 2021 (IGG-CNR-CZO@NIVOLET)
<p>CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER) measured at Nivolet Plain, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, in a high-altitude Alpine grassland environment (about 2500-2700 m.a.s.l.) using the closed portable flux chamber method during the 2021 vegetative season (July-October), approximately twice a month. NEE is measured with a transparent chamber, while ER with a dark chamber (transparent chamber shaded with a cloth). Data represent the average values and the corresponding standard deviations obtained from five sites at different altitudes and soil substrates. Each average value is obtained as a mean over a set of 20 point-measurements for each site and each sampling date. Flux data are complemented by measurements of soil temperature and soil volumetric water content, air temperature, air RH, and solar radiance.</p> <p>During the measurement, air is pumped from the chamber to an IR gas analyzer (IRGA) and then injected again in the chamber. The CO2 concentration inside the chamber is measured for about 90 seconds and then the rate of concentration change is linearly interpolated (over 60s) to obtain the flux measurements. A detailed description of the sampling method can be found in Magnani et al. (2020).</p> <p>Instrumentation used: accumulation chambers (height: 31.5 cm; area of the base: 363 cm2), LI-COR LI-840 & LI-850 IR spectrophotometers, stainless-steel collars (inserted into the soil to a depth of about 1 cm), portable meteorological stations (pyranometer LSI Lastem DPA053, thermohygrometer LSI Lastem DMA672.1), pt100 soil temperature sensors, SM150T soil moisture sensor.</p>
Stack Exchange Open Source site questions categorization
<p>This dataset contains the posts of Open Source Stack Exchange site, collected at the end of 2020, along with the categorization of the posts. For each post a category, and potentially a second one is indicated, along with the cluster (generic group) each category belongs to. The coding task of assigning each question to a category was performed by two independent coders for each question (the categorization of each coder is also provided in the dataset). The dataset contains also (in a separate file) a dictionary of the most correlated unigrams and bigrams per category.</p>
Data underlying the article "Effect of Submergence on the Lateral Exchange between Groyne Fields and their adjacent Main Channel"
<p>The paper addresses the identification of the mechanisms that dominate the flow around a series of obstacles placed at the sidewall of a channel, representing fluvial groynes. Accordingly, 2D velocity fields were measured through Particle Image Velocimetry in a horizontal plane spanning the area between groynes and an adjacent portion of the main channel. Four experimental cases were performed, addressing two groyne separations and two submergence conditions (emerged and submerged). For the submerged case, the ratio water depth to groyne height was 1.3. Groyne separations were characterized according to the corresponding width-to-length ratio of the groyne field (lambda = W/L = 1 and 2). A complete description of the experimental conditions, objectives and outcomes can be found in the article.</p> <p>The following data is included:</p> <ol> <li>Meanfields_[case].csv: spanwise and streamwise components of the velocity field, velocity magnitude and uv component of the Reynolds stress tensor averaged over time.</li> <li>Reynoldsstressesprofiles_[case].csv: uv component of the Reynolds stress tensor averaged over time at selected transverse profiles.</li> <li>PSD_[case].csv: power spectral densities computed from fluctuating velocity series extracted at selected locations.</li> <li>Autoccorrelation_[case].csv: normalized transverse autocorrelation functions computed from fluctuating velocity series extracted at selected locations.</li> <li>PODenergycontribution.csv: energy contribution from the first 20 POD modes computed for the case studies.</li> <li>PODtemporalcoefficients.csv: temporal coefficients obtained from the first two modes for the case studies.</li> <li>PODspectra_[case].csv: spectra of the temporal coefficients corresponding to modes 1 to 4 for the cases in study.</li> <li>PODspatialmodes_[case].csv: first two spatial modes computed for the case studies.</li> </ol>
Data underpinning "Pulse sequence considerations for interleaved chemical exchange saturation transfer acquisition sequences."
<p>=================================================<br> Robert Casper Brand, PhD Candidate<br> Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.<br> =================================================</p> <p>This folder contains the images and datasets used to generate the figures of the paper named: "Pulse sequence considerations for interleaved chemical exchange saturation transfer acquisition sequences." </p> <p>Each figure of the paper, with its corresponding data, is contained in an opensource TikZ format file. The TikZ files include both information on the axis as well as the supporting data and can be opened with any generic text editor. For more information on TikZ, see:<br> https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/TikZ_package). </p> <p>Where datasets were too large to be run by standard TeX distributions, the data was attached in an alternative format, and a TikZ wrapper included.</p> <p>The figures can be generated through any of the opensource TeX distributions. For more information on LaTeX and TeX, please see: <br> https://www.latex-project.org/get/ and<br> https://www.sharelatex.com/learn/Pgfplots_package.</p> <p>A compilation example of all figures, which also lists any additional packages, is included in the "wrapper. Tex" file. The output of this process was added to this folder as well (wrapper.pdf).</p> <p>The included files were created using directly from Matlab using the matlab2tikz code:<br> https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/22022-matlab2tikz-matlab2tikz</p>
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