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76 results for “extreme temperature”
Data for "North China Plain as a hot spot of ozone pollution exacerbated by extreme high temperature"
<p>Data for "North China Plain as a hot spot of ozone pollution exacerbated by extreme high temperature"</p>
Heat tolerance limits of Mediterranean songbirds and their current and future vulnerabilities to temperature extremes
<p>Songbirds are one of the groups most vulnerable to extreme heat events. Although several recent studies have assessed their physiological responses to heat, most of them have focused on arid-zone species solely. We investigated thermoregulatory responses to heat in eight small-sized songbirds occurring in the Mediterranean Basin, where heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense. Specifically, we determined their heat tolerance limits (HTL) and evaporative cooling efficiency and evaluated their current and future vulnerabilities to heat in southwestern Iberia, a Mediterranean climate warming hotspot. To do this, we exposed birds to an increasing profile of air temperatures (Ta) and measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL), evaporative cooling efficiency (the ratio between evaporative heat loss and metabolic heat production) and body temperature (Tb). HTL ranged between 40 and 46°C across species, and all species showed rapid increases in RMR, EWL and Tb in response to increasing Ta. However, only the crested lark Galerida cristata achieved an evaporative cooling efficiency greater than 1. The studied songbirds currently experience summer Ta maxima that surpass their upper critical temperatures of their thermoneutral zone and even their HTL. Our estimates indicated that five of the eight species will experience moderate risk of lethal dehydration by the end of the century. We argue that the limited heat tolerance and evaporative cooling efficiency of small-sized Mediterranean songbirds make them particularly vulnerable to heatwaves, which will be exacerbated under future climate change scenarios.</p>
Nanoscale Simulation of the Thylakoid Membrane Response to Extreme Temperatures
<p>The thylakoid membrane is in a temperature-sensitive equilibrium that shifts repeatedly during the life cycle in response to ambient temperature or solar irradiance.<br> Plants respond to seasonal temperature by changing their thylakoid lipid composition, while a more rapid mechanism for short-term heat exposure is required.<br> The emission of the small organic molecule isoprene has been postulated as one such possible rapid mechanism.<br> The protective mechanism of isoprene is not known, but some plants emit isoprene during periods of high-temperature stress.<br> In this work, we investigate the dynamics and structure for lipids within a thylakoid membrane at different temperatures and varied isoprene content using classical molecular dynamics simulations.<br> The results are compared with experimental findings from across the literature for temperature-dependent changes in the lipid composition and shape of thylakoids.<br> We find that the surface area, volume, and flexibility of the membrane, as well as the lipid diffusion, increase with temperature, while the membrane thickness decreases.<br> Saturated thylakoid 34:3 glycolipids derived from eukaryotic synthesis pathways exhibit significantly different dynamics than lipids from prokaryotic synthesis paths, which could explain the upregulation of specific lipid synthesis pathways at different temperatures.<br> Increasing isoprene concentration was not observed to have a significant thermoprotective effect on the thylakoid membranes.</p>
Data from: Indices of Extremes: Geographic patterns of change in extreme temperature and precipitation under climate intervention
<p>This dataset comprises the python notebooks and associated data used to produce Figures 1-9, 12-14, and all supplemental figures in Tye et al. 2022 "Indices of Extremes: Geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention" Earth System Dynamic, 13, 1233-1257. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1233-2022</p> <p>Script is also included to process data from NCAR's HPC Campaign archive and produce figures 10 and 11.</p> <p>The full output from the GLENS simulation are available from from https://data.ucar.edu/dataset/stratospheric-aerosol-geoengineering-large-ensemble-project-glens</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
A long-term (1981-2020) 1-km daily extreme and mean near surface air temperature product over Yellow River Basin of China
<p>The dataset includes the semless 1-km daily extreme and mean near surface air temperature products over Yellow River Basin of China. The fourth version is from 1 January 2011 to 31 Decmber 2020.</p>
ARISE-SAI_1.5: UKESM1 Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Indices
<p>The UKESM1 ARISE experiment explores the impacts of geoengineering via the injection of sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere. The injections occur at four different latitudes: 15 degrees N & S and 30 degrees N & S, at an altitude of approximately 20 km.</p> <p>The simulations are based on the medium-emissions CMIP6 scenario ssp245 and cover the years 2035 to 2070. They form a 5-member ensemble with initial conditions taken from the corresponding five members of the ssp245 simulations upon which they were based. Data for the UKESM1 ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations is available at https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/deposited2022/arise and the data for the UKESM1 SSP2-4.5 simulations is available on the Earth System Grid Federation database.</p> <p>The files included here contain processed annual daily extremes of surface temperature (TREFHT) and total precipitation (PRECT) from the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations and companion SSP245 simulations. Indices are those recommended by the WCRP Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Indices, Zhang et al. 2011). Methods to calculate the indices are also described in Tye et al. (2022).</p> <p><strong>Precipitation Indices</strong></p> <p>PRCPTOT, SDII, RX1D, RX5D, R10mm, R20mm, CDD, CWD, P95TOT, P99TOT</p> <p><strong>Temperature Indices</strong></p> <p>TNN, TNX, FD, TR, TN90, TN10, TXX, TXN, ID, SU, TX90, TX10</p>
EC data for "Temperature extremes of 2022 reduced carbon uptake by forests in Europe"
<p>Used Eddy Covariance data following the methods described in "Temperature extremes of 2022 reduced carbon uptake by forests in Europe"</p> <p> </p>
Photosynthetic heat tolerances and extreme leaf temperatures
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Data from: Signs of local adaptation by genetic selection and isolation promoted by extreme temperature and salinity in the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica
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Data from: Macroevolution of body extremities reveals an integrated phenotypic response of coloration and morphology to temperature in a large clade of Neotropical passerines (Furnariida)
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Context-dependent effects of relative temperature extremes on bill morphology in a songbird
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Data from: Developmental timing of extreme temperature events (heat waves) disrupts host-parasitoid interactions
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Spatial variation in avian bill size is associated with temperature extremes in a major radiation of Australian passerines
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The effects of temperature extremes on survival in two semi-arid Australian bird communities over three decades, with predictions to 2104
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Data from: The long-term evolutionary potential of four yeast species and their hybrids in extreme temperature conditions
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Global record-breaking recurrence rates indicates more widespread and intense surface air temperature and precipitation extremes
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Heat tolerance limits of Mediterranean songbirds and their current and future vulnerabilities to temperature extremes
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Data from: Responses of a widespread pest insect to extreme high temperatures are stage-dependent and divergent among seasonal cohorts
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Data from: Mild temperatures differentiate while extreme temperatures unify gene expression profiles among populations of Dicosmoecus gilvipes in California
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Sex-specific sterility caused by extreme temperatures is likely to create cryptic changes to the operational sex ratio in Drosophila virilis
<p>Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term heat shocks that threaten the persistence of natural populations. The effect of thermal stress on natural selection is a common topic of debate, but high temperatures can also influence sexual selection. Typically, males and females of a species can survive at similar extreme temperatures, but males have been shown to lose fertility at lower temperatures than females. Here, we examine how a brief exposure of pupae to high temperatures in the fruit fly Drosophila virilis affects adult fertility in both males and females. We find strong sexual dimorphism in temperature-induced sterility. This has the potential to quickly and unpredictably create populations composed of mostly sterile males and fertile females, resulting in changes to the operational sex ratio (OSR). These disruptions are likely to be cryptic and difficult to measure in the wild, especially considering that males can eventually recover fertility and that sterile males of some species can still copulate. Changes to the OSR in this way are likely to influence sexual selection by favouring females that can discriminate between fertile and sterilised males, and possibly leading to female-female conflict over a limited pool of fertile males. Further research on how cryptic disruptions to the OSR affect sexual selection dynamics is critical for understanding the impact of environmental change on biodiversity.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.