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65 results for “flooded forest”
Plant size and leaf traits for epiphyte species found in flooded gallery forests and non-flooded gallery forests in Central Brazil
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Flooding drives tropical dry forest tree community assembly in southeast Brazil
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Data from: Quantifying flooding regime in floodplain forests to guide river restoration
Determining the flooding regime needed to support distinctive floodplain forests is essential for effective river conservation under the ubiquitous human alteration of river flows characteristic of the Anthropocene Era. At over 100 sites throughout the Connecticut River basin, the largest river system in New England, we characterized species composition, valley and channel morphology, and hydrologic regime to define conditions promoting distinct floodplain forest assemblages. Species assemblages were dominated by floodplain-associated trees on surfaces experiencing flood durations between 4.5 and 91 days/year, which were generally well below the stage of the two-year recurrence interval flood, a widely-used benchmark for floodplain restoration. These tree species rarely occurred on surfaces that flooded less than 1 day/year. By contrast abundance of most woody invasive species decreased with flooding. Such flood-prone surfaces were jointly determined by characteristics of the hydrograph (high discharges of long duration) and topography (low gradient and reduced valley constraint), resulting in increased availability of floodplain habitat with increasing watershed area and/or decreasing stream gradient. Downstream mainstem reaches provided the most floodplain habitat, largely associated with low-energy features such as back swamps and point bars, and were dominated by silver maple (Acer saccharinum). However, we were able to identify a number of suitable sites in the upper part of the basin and in large tributaries, often associated with in-channel islands and bars and frequently dominated by sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and flood disturbance-dependent species. Our results imply that restoring flows by modifying dam operations to benefit floodplain forests on existing surfaces need not conflict with flood protection in some regional settings. These results underscore the need to understand how flow, geomorphology, and species traits interact to produce characteristic patterns of floodplain vegetation, and that these interactions should form the basis of effective river restoration and conservation.
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear. in Tragulidae
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear.
Subspecies and Distribution. S. n. mgricollis Spix, 1823 — Brazilian Amazon, N Peru, and possibly SE Colombia, between the Rio Ica—Putumayo and the rios Solimoes-Amazonas and Napo, W as far the seasonally flooded forest varzea along the Tamboryacu. S. n. graellsiJiménez de la Espada, 1870 — S Colombia, NE Ecuador, and N Peru, S of the upper Rio Caqueta (W from the mouth of the Rio Yari) in Colombia, S to both sides of the upper Putumayo as far as the N (left) bank of the Rio Napo, extending E between the Napo and Putumayo as far as the seasonally flooded forest along the Tamboryacu. S. mn. hernandezi Hershkovitz, 1982 — S Colombia, Meta Department, between the rios Caqueta, Caguan, and Orteguaza and the base of the Cordillera Oriental to the Rio Guayabero. in Callitrichiade
Subspecies and Distribution. S. n. mgricollis Spix, 1823 — Brazilian Amazon, N Peru, and possibly SE Colombia, between the Rio Ica—Putumayo and the rios Solimoes-Amazonas and Napo, W as far the seasonally flooded forest varzea along the Tamboryacu. S. n. graellsiJiménez de la Espada, 1870 — S Colombia, NE Ecuador, and N Peru, S of the upper Rio Caqueta (W from the mouth of the Rio Yari) in Colombia, S to both sides of the upper Putumayo as far as the N (left) bank of the Rio Napo, extending E between the Napo and Putumayo as far as the seasonally flooded forest along the Tamboryacu. S. mn. hernandezi Hershkovitz, 1982 — S Colombia, Meta Department, between the rios Caqueta, Caguan, and Orteguaza and the base of the Cordillera Oriental to the Rio Guayabero.
Recent population differentiation in the habitat specialist Glossy Antshrike (Aves: Thamnophilidae) across Amazonian seasonally flooded forests: Complete matrix
<p>We assessed population structure and the spatio-temporal pattern of diversification in the Glossy Antshrike <i>Sakesphorus luctuosus</i> (Aves, Thamnophilidae) to understand the processes shaping the evolutionary history of Amazonian floodplains and address unresolved taxonomic controversies surrounding its species limits. By targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 32 specimens of <i>S. luctuosus</i>, we identified independent lineages and estimated their differentiation, divergence times and migration rates. We also estimated current and past demographic histories for each recovered lineage. We found evidence confirming that <i>S. luctuosus</i> consists of a single species, comprising at least four populations, with some highly admixed individuals and overall similar levels of migration between populations. We confirmed the differentiation of the Araguaia River basin population (<i>S. l.</i> <i>araguayae</i>), and gathered circumstantial evidence indicating that the taxon <i>S. hagmanni</i> may represent a highly introgressed population between 3 distinct phylogroups of <i>S. luctuosus</i>. Divergence time estimates between populations seem to be recent, occurring during the last 183 kya. Signs of population expansions were detected for populations attributed to subspecies <i>S. l. luctuosus</i>, but the <i>S. l. araguayae </i>population had probably maintained its effective size through time. Our results support<b> </b>that <i>S. luctuosus</i> has had a complex population history, resulting from a high dependence on southeastern "clear-water" habitats and their availability through time. Spatial and demographic expansions towards the western "white water" flooded forests might still be ongoing. Our study reinforces the view that isolation due to absence of suitable habitat has been an important driver of population differentiation within Amazonian flooded forests, but also that differences between <i>várzeas</i> ("white water" floodplains, mostly in southwestern Amazonia) and <i>igapós</i> ("clear- water" floodplains, especially located in the east) should be further explored as powerful drivers of micro-evolution.</p>
Recent population differentiation in the habitat specialist Glossy Antshrike (Aves: Thamnophilidae) across Amazonian seasonally flooded forests: Final SNPs dataset
<p>We assessed population structure and the spatio-temporal pattern of diversification in the Glossy Antshrike <i>Sakesphorus luctuosus</i> (Aves, Thamnophilidae) to understand the processes shaping the evolutionary history of Amazonian floodplains and address unresolved taxonomic controversies surrounding its species limits. By targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 32 specimens of <i>S. luctuosus</i>, we identified independent lineages and estimated their differentiation, divergence times and migration rates. We also estimated current and past demographic histories for each recovered lineage. We found evidence confirming that <i>S. luctuosus</i> consists of a single species, comprising at least four populations, with some highly admixed individuals and overall similar levels of migration between populations. We confirmed the differentiation of the Araguaia River basin population (<i>S. l.</i> <i>araguayae</i>), and gathered circumstantial evidence indicating that the taxon <i>S. hagmanni</i> may represent a highly introgressed population between 3 distinct phylogroups of <i>S. luctuosus</i>. Divergence time estimates between populations seem to be recent, occurring during the last 183 kya. Signs of population expansions were detected for populations attributed to subspecies <i>S. l. luctuosus</i>, but the <i>S. l. araguayae </i>population had probably maintained its effective size through time. Our results support<b> </b>that <i>S. luctuosus</i> has had a complex population history, resulting from a high dependence on southeastern "clear-water" habitats and their availability through time. Spatial and demographic expansions towards the western "white water" flooded forests might still be ongoing. Our study reinforces the view that isolation due to absence of suitable habitat has been an important driver of population differentiation within Amazonian flooded forests, but also that differences between <i>várzeas</i> ("white water" floodplains, mostly in southwestern Amazonia) and <i>igapós</i> ("clear- water" floodplains, especially located in the east) should be further explored as powerful drivers of micro-evolution.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Pagamea spruceana (Rubiaceae, Gaertnereae), a new species from flooded white-sand forests in the Upper Rio Negro region, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Pagamea spruceana Vicentini & Prata (red stars), P. capitata (empty circles), P. pilosa (gray circles), and all Pagamea collections (small circles).
FIGURE 1. Pagamea spruceana. A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Functionally pistillate flower. D in Pagamea spruceana (Rubiaceae, Gaertnereae), a new species from flooded white-sand forests in the Upper Rio Negro region, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Pagamea spruceana. A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Functionally pistillate flower. D. Ovary with short style in a functionally staminate flower. E. Detail of leaf blade with puberulous margin. A and D from Carvalho 1612, B and E from Prata 1948, C from Prata 1960. Drawn by R. B. de Carvalho.
FIGURE 2. Pagamea spruceana. A. Leaf with revolute margin B in Pagamea spruceana (Rubiaceae, Gaertnereae), a new species from flooded white-sand forests in the Upper Rio Negro region, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Pagamea spruceana. A. Leaf with revolute margin B. Detail of leaf blade with puberulous margin. C. Capitate inflorescences with buds and flowers. D. Inflorescence with fruits; main axis and cupules reddish orange and green, immature fruits. E. Inflorescence head and distal portion of peduncle. F. Ovary with long style in a functionally pistillate flower. G. Ovary with short style in a functionally staminate flower. H. Stem with dark brown bark. I. Individual of P. spruceana. J. Long-term inundated igapó at Piraiauara River, in the Upper Rio Negro region. Photos by E. Prata.
FIGURE 1. Vochysia peruviana Huamantupa. A. Flowering branch. B in Vochysia peruviana (Vochysiaceae), a new species from Flooded Forests, Madre de Dios, Peru
FIGURE 1. Vochysia peruviana Huamantupa. A. Flowering branch. B. Flower in anthesis. C. Flower. D. Petals. E. Stamen and dorsal sepal. F. Ovary, style, stigma and staminodia (indicated with arrows). G. Arrangement of the stipules. Illustration by G. Calatayud, based on Aguilar et al. 1219 (isotype MO!).
FIGURE 2 in Vochysia peruviana (Vochysiaceae), a new species from Flooded Forests, Madre de Dios, Peru
FIGURE 2. Vochysia peruviana Huamantupa, flowering specimen, Aguilar et al. 1219 (isotype MO). Photo by I. Huamantupa.
FIGURE 7 in Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia
FIGURE 7. Schematic ecoregions map of Peru, simplified after Zamora (1997) and Olson & Dinerstein (2002). FF: periodically flooded rainforest (Várzéa forest); RF: lowland rainforest; MV: mountain vegetation (Puna, Yunga, mountain forest etc.); DV: desert vegetation (Atacama desert).
FIGURE 4 in Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia
FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Mabuya altamazonica. White circles: specimens with a spotless back; Black circles: specimens with a back covered with many spots, more or less aligned in two dorsolateral bands; Circle with cross: intermediate color pattern; White square: specimens (FMNH 134461–63) from the highlands. The white ellipse indicate the very approximate locality of the two supposed Bolivian specimens of M. altamazonica (UMMZ 68102–103).
FIGURE 1 in Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia
FIGURE 1. Drawings of the holotype of Mabuya altamazonica (MNHN 2006.0291): (A) lateral view of the head and (B) dorsal view of the anterior part of the body. Scale bar = 2 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia
FIGURE 6. Cladogram of the maximum parsimony tree (MP) obtained from 12S sequences, with MP bootsrap values (2,000 replicates; bootstrap proportions less than 50% are not shown).
FIGURE 8 in Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia
FIGURE 8. Comparative distribution map of Mabuya altamazonica (white square) and M. bistriata (Black circle). Black circles with a white dot are localities of M. bistriata based after ÁvilaPires (1995).
FIGURE 5 in Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia
FIGURE 5. Drawings of Mabuya bistriata (MPEG 14561): (A) lateral view of the head and (B) dorsal view of the anterior part of the body. The drawing (A) is symmetrically reversed and represent the right side of the head; scale bar = 2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Speciation in the "Várzéa" flooded forest: a new Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from Western Amazonia
FIGURE 3. Coloration polymorphism in Mabuya altamazonica illustrated by specimens having: (A, B) homogeneous spotless back (holotype MNHN 2006.0291) and (C, D) many spot on the back (FMNH 168255); and (E, F) a comparison with a west amazonian specimen of M. nigropunctata (OMNH 36514). Scale bar = 1 cm.
The role of howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in the primary succession of the Paraná flooded forest (Argentina)
<p>In disturbed forests, Atelidae primates, such as howler monkeys, are known to play a key role in the dynamics of secondary succession. However, little is known about their role in primary succession. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the howler monkey <i>Alouatta caraya</i> in the primary succession dynamics of the Paraná flooded forest, in northeastern Argentina. This was achieved by studying the recruitment of saplings in the latrines of <i>A. caraya</i> groups inhabiting the forest in the first stages of succession and the distribution of plant species in relation to the age of the forest. The results showed that: (a) young forest areas were dominated by tree species dispersed by water, wind, birds, bats and fishes, whereas older forest areas were dominated by species dispersed by <i>A. caraya</i>,<i> </i>with individuals of some species present in young forests; (b) the floristic composition of saplings growing in <i>A. caraya</i> latrines of young forest areas was similar to that of old forest areas; and (c) saplings growing in young forest areas were heavily associated with <i>A. caraya</i> latrines and corresponded to species from older forest areas. The results allow the conclusion that <i>A. caraya</i> plays a role in the last phase of primary succession of the Paraná flooded forest, as well as in contributing to an increase in the structural complexity and species diversity in the young areas of the Paraná islands.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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