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57 results for “flower visitor”
Flower–visitor specimens preserved in the Kyoto University Museum
<p>This is a modified dataset of flower-visitors published by three papers (Inoue et al. 1990, Kakutani et al. 1990, Kato et al. 1990). Authors and their students of Kyoto University collected flower-visiting insects as part of a practical seminar at three research sites in Kyoto, Japan in the 1980s. They also recorded the name of the plant species where visitor insects were collected. Specimens of collected insects have been preserved in the Kyoto University museum. We checked the preserved status of each specimen and modified the data list.</p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Inoue T, Kato M, Kakutani T, Suka T, Itino T. 1990. Insect-flower relationship in the temperate deciduous forest of Kibune, Kyoto: an overview of the flowering phenology and the seasonal pattern of insect visits. Contr. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 27, 377–463.</p> <p>Kakutani T, Inoue T, Kato M, Ichihashi H. 1990. Insect-flower relationship in the campus of Kyoto University, Kyoto: an overview of the flowering phenology and the seasonal pattern of insect visits. Contr. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 27, 465–521.</p> <p>Kato M, Kakutani T, Inoue T, Itino T. 1990. Insect-flower relationship in the primary beech forest of Ashu, Kyoto: an overview of the flowering phenology and the seasonal pattern of insect visits. Contr. Biol. Lab. Kyoto Univ. 27, 309–375.</p>
Data from: Temporal variations in the linkages between plants and flower visitors and the pollination success of Primula modesta along the snowmelt gradient
<p>Although pollination networks between plants and flower visitors are diverse and flexible, seed production of many plant species is restricted by pollen limitation. Obligate outcrossers often suffer from low pollinator activity or severe interspecific competition for pollinator acquisition among co-flowering species. This study focused on seasonal changes in plant–flower visitor linkages in an alpine ecosystem and examined whether and how this seasonality affected the seed-set of <em>Primula modesta</em>, a self-incompatible distylous herb having long-tubed flowers. First, we recorded the linkages between plants and flower visitors along the snowmelt gradient. Then, pollination experiment was conducted to estimate the degree of pollen limitation over the course of flowering season of <em>P. modesta</em>. Flower visitors were classified by their tongue length based on the morphological matching with <em>P. modesta</em> flowers. As the season progressed, plant–visitor linkages became more diverse and generalized, and the visitation frequency to <em>P. modesta</em> flowers increased. In the later part of the season, however, the seed set of <em>P. modesta</em> was significantly reduced due to severe pollen limitation, presumably because of increased competition for long-tongued pollinators among co-flowering species. The present study revealed that pollinator availability for specialist species may be restricted even when plant–visitor linkages are diverse and generalized as a whole. In the case of <em>P. modesta</em>, morphological matching and competition for pollinators might be the main factors explaining this discrepancy.</p>
Data from: Exotic flower visitors exploit large floral trait spaces resulting in asymmetric resource partitioning with native visitors
1.Exotic species often cause severe alterations in native communities due to their ability to rapidly and efficiently utilize a broad spectrum of resources. In flower-visitor interactions, the breadth of resource use by native and exotic animals as well as the partitioning of resources among them is often estimated based on the number of (shared) plant species used as resources. However, whether a flower visitor is able to exploit plant resources has been shown to be delimited by functional floral traits such as morphological barriers or attractive or repellent chemical cues. Each of the ecologically relevant traits can be viewed as a dimension of a Hutchinsonian n-dimensional hypervolume, which characterizes the range of phenotypes exploitable by a species. 2.In this study, we quantified the sizes and overlaps of n-dimensional hypervolumes defined by floral traits that are exploitable by native and exotic flower visitors (afterwards referred to as exploited space, ES). In the heavily invaded Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, USA, we phenotyped 40 native and exotic plant species and recorded flower-visitor interactions. To quantify the size and overlap of ES, we applied dynamic range boxes (dynRB). 3.On average, exotic flower visitors were more generalized in resource use (larger ES) than natives ones, which is additionally indicated by the absence of native flower visitors on exotic flowering plant species. In particular, ES based on floral scent emission was larger for exotic flower visitors compared to native ones. The unevenly expanded ES of native and exotic animals led to an asymmetric overlap of floral ES where the exotic flower visitors shared only a small proportion of their ES with natives but occupied a large proportion of the ES of natives. 4.The asymmetry in resource use of native and exotic flower visitors suggests a potential advantage in resource exploitation of the latter, potentially explaining their success in Hawaiian ecosystems. Predicted range expansion of exotic plant and animal species may further increase the competition for and reduce the availability of resources for native animals. This may lead to further declines of native species and increasing threats for Hawaiian ecosystems.
Data from: Functional homogenization of flower visitor communities with urbanization
Land-use intensification and resulting habitat loss are put forward as the main causes of flower visitor decline. However, the impact of urbanization, the prime driver of land-use intensification in Europe, is poorly studied. In particular, our understanding of whether and how it affects the composition and functioning of flower visitor assemblages is scant, yet required to cope with increasing urbanization worldwide. Here, we use a nation-wide dataset of plant-flower visitor (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera) interactions sampled by citizen scientists following a standardized protocol to assess macroecological changes in richness and composition of flower visitor communities with urbanization. We measured the community composition by quantifying the relative occurrence of generalist and specialist flower visitors based on their specialisation on flowering plant families. We show that urbanization is associated with reduced flower visitor richness and a shift in community composition toward generalist insects, indicating a modification of the functional composition of communities. These results suggest that urbanization affects not only the richness of flower visitor assemblages but may also cause their large-scale functional homogenization. Future research should focus on designing measures to reconcile urban development with flower visitor conservation.
Data from: Scale-dependent shifts in the species composition of flower visitors with changing floral density
Responses of flower-visiting animals to floral density can alter interactions between plants, influencing a variety of biological processes, including plant population dynamics and the evolution of flowering phenology. Many studies have found effects of floral or plant density on pollinator visitation rates at patch scales, but little is known about responses of flower visitors to floral densities at larger scales. Here, I present data from an observational field study in which I measured the effects of floral density on visitation to the annual composite Holocarpha virgata at both patch (4 m(2)) and site (12.6 ha) spatial scales. The species composition of flower visitors changed with floral density, and did so in different ways at the two scales. At the site scale, average floral density within patches of H. virgata or within patches of all summer-flowering species combined had a significant positive effect on per-flowerhead visitation by the long-horned bee Melissodes lupina and no significant effects on visitation by any other taxa. At the patch scale, per-flowerhead visitation by honeybees significantly increased whereas visitation by M. lupina often decreased with increasing floral density. For both species, responses to patch-scale floral density were strongest when site-scale floral density was high. The scale-dependence of flower visitor responses to floral density and the interactions between site- and patch-scale effects of floral density observed in this study underscore the importance of improving our understanding of pollinators' responses to floral density at population scales.
Data from: Natural habitat loss and exotic plants reduce the functional diversity of flower visitors in a heterogeneous subtropical landscape
1. Functional diversity (FD) of pollinators can increase plant reproductive output and the stability of plant-pollinator communities. Yet, in times of worldwide pollinator declines, effects of global change on pollinator FD remain poorly understood. Loss of natural habitat and exotic plant invasions are two major drivers of global change that particularly threaten pollinator diversity. 2. In a subtropical South African landscape, we investigated changes in the FD of flower visitor assemblages on native and exotic plants along gradients of natural habitat loss and relative abundance of exotic plants. We used a dataset of 1434 flower visitor individuals sampled on 131 focal plants and calculated the FD in three flower visitor traits that are strongly related to plant-flower visitor interactions and pollination processes: proboscis length, proboscis diameter and body length. 3. Multivariate FD of flower visitors decreased with both increasing natural habitat loss and relative exotic abundance. Importantly, changes in FD went beyond those in flower visitor richness. Furthermore, flower visitor richness was not related to either natural habitat loss or relative exotic abundance. Loss in multivariate FD seemed to be mediated by complementary reductions of FD in proboscis length with natural habitat loss and of FD in body length with both global change drivers. Correspondingly, we recorded lower abundances of long-tongued flower visitors with natural habitat loss and reduced variance in body size with both drivers. In contrast, FD in proboscis diameter was unaffected by either driver. All effects of the two global change drivers were non-interactive. 4. Our results show that both natural habitat loss and exotic plants negatively affect flower visitor FD, which may imperil pollination of specialised plant species in degraded habitats. In contrast, flower visitor richness may not cover all facets of flower visitor FD that are relevant to pollination processes, and here future studies are needed. Distinct responses of visitor traits to the two drivers suggest limited options to infer relations of one trait to another. Finally, additive effects of natural habitat loss and exotic plant invasions highlight the need to consider multiple drivers of global change when investigating ecosystem processes at a community scale.
Plant-flower visitor interactions recorded in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county)
<p>Data set 1</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>FIELD NAME</td> <td>VALUE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dataset Title</td> <td>Plant-flower visitor interactions recorded in 21 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county) by Tania Palacios in 2018</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Abstract</td> <td>522 records of plant-flower visitor interactions, recorded in 21 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county). The records were taken in the field by Tania Palacios, curated by Julia Tavella, and transformed to meet FAIR principles by Rocío Ana González Vaquero. Morphospecies are detailed in identificationRemarks. Data collection was supported by grants UBACyT 20020170100778BA and PICT 2017-4111, Argentina. Data standardization was supported by grant European Commission-EU 101058393.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Classification System</td> <td>GBIF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sampling Description</td> <td>Two 100 m-long “variable transects” in field margins or 50/100 m from the field margin, were walked simultaneously by two trained observers for 20 minutes.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Data set 2</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>FIELD NAME</td> <td>VALUE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dataset Title</td> <td>Plant-flower visitor interactions recorded in 49 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county) by Marcos Monasterolo (2013-15) and Antonio López Carretero (2016)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Abstract</td> <td>2471 records of plant-flower visitor interactions, recorded in 49 sites in Argentina (Buenos Aires: Carlos Casares county). The records were taken in the field by Marcos Monasterolo and Antonio López Carretero, curated by Julia Tavella, and transformed to meet FAIR principles by Rocío Ana González Vaquero. Morphospecies are detailed in identificationRemarks. Data collection was supported by FONCyT, UBA, CONICET, Fundación Banco Galicia, and Syngenta Agro, Argentina. Data standardization was supported by grant European Commission-EU 101058393.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Classification System</td> <td>GBIF</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sampling Description</td> <td>One 100 m-long “variable transect” was walked by one trained observer for 40 minutes (Monasterolo et al. 2020).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Exploitative competition for floral resources reduces sugar intake but differently impacts the foraging behaviour of two non-bee flower visitors
<p>Identifying which behavioural strategies maximize individual fitness is a key objective in ecology. Organisms are known to adapt their foraging behaviour to their environment in response to abiotic and biotic constraints, such as the distribution of resources or the presence of competitors. For instance, bees are known to avoid recently visited flowers and thus focus their foraging on more rewarding patches. Whether other flower-visiting insects adapt their foraging behaviour in response to exploitative competition for floral resources remains unknown. Here, we asked if a predatory hoverfly (<em>Episyrphus balteatus</em>) and a parasitoid (<em>Aphidius colemani</em>) 1) are physiologically impacted by flower resource limitation following exploitation of flowers by a competitor (either the bumblebee <em>Bombus terrestris</em> or <em>E. balteatus</em>); 2) have the ability to discriminate flowers that were previously exploited by a competitor; and 3) modify their foraging behaviour accordingly. <em>Episyrphus balteatus </em>and <em>A. colemani</em> individuals foraging on previously exploited flowers were found to be less concentrated in sugar compounds, especially in fructose and glucose, suggesting that previously exploited flowers contained less available sugars. Nevertheless, individuals did not avoid previously exploited patches in the choice experiment. On the contrary, <em>E. balteatus </em>females preferentially landed on inflorescences that had previously been exploited by conspecifics (but not by <em>B. terrestris</em>), while <em>A. colemani </em>did not show preferences between inflorescences. However, female hoverflies spent more time feeding on unexploited patches, suggesting that exploited patches were resource limited. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of the use of social cues among <em>E. balteatus </em>individuals in food foraging strategies. It also shows that even insects with tiny nectar requirements, such as parasitoids, can suffer from heavy exploitative competition. Such results may have applied consequences for the understanding of natural enemy conservation, in particular in agroecosystems where competition with honeybees may be important.</p>
Alien plants and flower visitors disrupt the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks - Dataset
<p>Dataset associated with the manuscript "Alien plants and flower visitors disrupt the seasonal dynamics of mutualistic networks" (Arroyo-Correa et al. 2019)</p>
Figure 2 in Differences in the flower visitor behaviour on female and hermaphroditic flowers of Cimicifuga simplex
Figure 2. Number of flowers contacted by visitors per single visit to an inflorescence. The data for hermaphroditic ramets with male-phase flowers are from Toji et al. (2020). The box plots show the median (bold bar), the lower and upper quartiles show the ±1.5 × interquartile range (whiskers) and outliers (circles). Sample size indicated above the box plots. Different lowercase letters above the box plots indicate statistically significant differences (Tukey's HSD, p <0.05).
Intraspecific independent evolution of floral spur length in response to local flower visitor size in Japanese Aquilegia in different mountain regions
<p>Geographic differences in floral traits may reflect geographic differences in effective pollinator assemblages. Independent local adaptation to pollinator assemblages in multiple regions would be expected to cause parallel floral trait evolution, although sufficient evidence for this is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between flower spur length and pollinator size in 16 populations of <i>Aquilegia buergeriana </i>var.<i> buergeriana</i> distributed in four mountain regions in the Japanese Alps. We also examined the genetic relationship between yellow- and red-flowered individuals, to see if color differences caused genetic differentiation by pollinator isolation. Genetic relationships among 16 populations were analyzed based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Even among populations within the same mountain region, pollinator size varied widely, and the average spur length of <i>A. buergeriana</i> var. <i>buergeriana</i> in each population was strongly related to the average visitor size of that population. Genetic relatedness between populations was not related to the similarity of spur length between populations; rather, it was related to the geographic proximity of populations in each mountain region. Our results indicate that spur length in each population evolved independently of the population genetic structure but in parallel in different mountain regions. Further, yellow- and red-flowered individuals of <i>A. buergeriana</i> var. <i>buergeriana</i> were not genetically differentiated. Unlike other <i>Aquilegia</i> species in Europe and America visited by hummingbirds and hawkmoths, this species is consistently visited by bumblebees in Japan. As a result, genetic isolation by flower color has not occurred.</p>
FIGURE 2. Polystemma stevensii. A. Stems with yellow cork B. Branch with inflorescences. C. Flowers with some floral visitors. D in Polystemma stevensii (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Michoacán, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Polystemma stevensii. A. Stems with yellow cork B. Branch with inflorescences. C. Flowers with some floral visitors. D. Frontal view of a flower. E. Frontal view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. F. Lateral view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. Photos by Victor W. Steinmann.
The impact of a native dominant plant, Euphorbia jolkinii, on plant-flower visitor networks and pollen deposition on stigmas of co-flowering species in sub-alpine meadows of Shangri-La, SW China
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Data from: Scale-dependent shifts in the species composition of flower visitors with changing floral density
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Data from: Exotic flower visitors exploit large floral trait spaces resulting in asymmetric resource partitioning with native visitors
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Intraspecific independent evolution of floral spur length in response to local flower visitor size in Japanese Aquilegia in different mountain regions
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Exploitative competition for floral resources reduces sugar intake but differently impacts the foraging behaviour of two non-bee flower visitors
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Data from: Experimental manipulation of floral scent bouquets restructures flower-visitor interactions in the field
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Data from: Natural habitat loss and exotic plants reduce the functional diversity of flower visitors in a heterogeneous subtropical landscape
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Flower–visitor specimens preserved in the Kyoto University Museum
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