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49 results for “fossil taxonomy”
Fig. 6 in Fossil freshwater sponges: Taxonomy, geographic distribution, and critical review
Fig. 6. Geographic distribution of fossil freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spongillida).
FIGURES 12–15 in Taxonomy and valve ultrastructure of new and interesting freshwater fossil diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of Miocene age from the Espanola Formation of New Mexico, U.S.A. II. Description of a New Grunowia species with comments on the genus
FIGURES 12–15. Grunowia mannii Kociolek & Danz sp. nov. SEM. Valve interior. 12–14. Entire valves, showing differences in valve shape relative to length. Large fibulae and large portules over the raphe canal are evident. 15. View of central nodule showing small, helictoglossa-like center and discontinuous raphe branch. Scale bars = 5 µm (Fig. 12), 4 µm (Fig. 13), 3 µm (Fig. 14), 1 µm (Fig. 15).
FIGURES 1–7 in Taxonomy and valve ultrastructure of new and interesting freshwater fossil diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of Miocene age from the Espanola Formation of New Mexico, U.S.A. II. Description of a New Grunowia species with comments on the genus
FIGURES 1–7. Grunowia mannii Kociolek & Danz sp. nov. LM. Size diminution series. Fig. 1 represents an initial valve. The holotype is presented in fig. 4. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURES 8–11 in Taxonomy and valve ultrastructure of new and interesting freshwater fossil diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of Miocene age from the Espanola Formation of New Mexico, U.S.A. II. Description of a New Grunowia species with comments on the genus
FIGURES 8–11. Grunowia mannii Kociolek & Danz sp. nov. SEM of valve exterior. 8, 9. Valve view showing characteristic shape and distinctly-elevated, raphe-bearing keel. 10. Apex of the valve showing raphe end extending onto the mantle. 11. Central portion of the valve, with raphe branches interrupted. Scale bars = 5 µm (Figs 8, 9), 3 µm (Fig. 10), 2 µm (Fig. 11).
FIGURE 13 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 13. Xylocythere species, morphological details: A–B—Xylocythere vanharteni Maddocks, 2005 (images A, B, courtesy R. Maddocks); A—RV, external, details of pore clusters and A"-type pore with sensillum opening on a conulus; B—RV, internal, apertures of pore clusters and of NPC (white arrow). C–D—Xylocythere sarrazinae Tanaka et al. 2019 (images C, D, courtesy H. Tanaka); C—LV male, external, ornamentation, pore clusters and NPC with long sensillum; D—RV female, interior of outer lamella, details of the PCl.
FIGURE 4. Eucytherurinae, LV in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 4. Eucytherurinae, LV, external views, details of transverse ridges on the AMZ with different degrees of development (white arrows): A—Microceratina martensi Namiotko et al., 2004, detail from Fig. 3A; B—Microceratina pseudoamfibola (Barbeito-Gonzàlez, 1971), detail from Fig. 7A; C—Eucytherura alata G.W. M̧ller, 1894, detail from Fig. 10G.
FIGURE 1. The bounding-box method for measuring L and H in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 1. The bounding-box method for measuring L and H of valves in lateral position. Specimen as in Fig. 3A.
FIGURE 9 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 9. General shape of Microceratina morphotypes: A—Microceratina bhannesensis Colin, Dejax & Gèze, 2005, C right view (holotype); B, C—Microceratina azazoulensis Andreu & Colin, 2005, silhouettes of (B) C, right side and (C) RV, lateral view, standardised for length (bounding box method); B—Tarhzoute, Morocco, Colin et al. (2005, pl. 2, fig. 4); C—Sergipe- Alagoas Basin, Brazil, valve nr. ULVG-12791 also figured in Vázquez-García et al. (2021, fig. 4L).
FIGURE 5 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 5. Microceratina martensi Namiotko et al., 2004, valve morphology, internal views (A–C, G–K: 'RV-2'; D–F, L: 'LV-3'): A–C—RV; A—general view; B, C—hinge detail, anterior (B) and posterior (C) sections; D–F—LV; D—general view; E, F—hinge detail, anterior (E) and posterior (F) sections. Black arrow in A indicates selvage (S). Black arrows in B, C indicate the anterior and posterior elements, dashed black arrows in E, F indicate anterior and posterior open sockets; G–K—details of aperture of LStPC; L—different pore types, from one large NPC (gray arrow) to minute tubuli (black arrows).
FIGURE 7 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 7. Microceratina pseudoamfibola (Barbeito-Gonzàlez, 1971), valve morphology: A: LV-1; B–H—RV-1; I–L—RV-2 (Grotta Sulfurea di Cala Fetente, Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Italy); A—LV, external, general view (white arrow indicates the AMZ); B–H—RV, external; B—general view (light gray arrow indicates the round ridge delineating the postero-ventral protuberance); C—reticulum with solum covered by fossae and an intramural conulus pore, A"-type (dark gray arrow); D, E—details of fossae and loophole pores (LStPC); F—detail of shape of anterior section of valve (white arrow indicates the AMZ); G—detail of central valve area with reticular structure, central muscle imprints and NPC on a conulus, A"-type (dark gray arrow); H—detail of posterior valve shape (black arrow indicates a conulus with an emergent sensillum, A"-type); I–L—RV, internal; I—general view; J—central valve area with reticular structure, four muscle imprints, and apertures of NPC and of LStPC; K, L—details of two NPC which open on the inner side of the valve; black arrow in L indicates the minute diameter of aperture of a LStPC as compared to a NPC. (Valves deposited in Gliozzi Ostracod Collection, University of Roma 3, catalogue G.O.C. 24/1-4, 19- 22).
FIGURE 8 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 8. Microceratina pseudoamfibola (Barbeito-Gonzàlez, 1971), valve morphology: A–G—RV-1; H–K—LV-1; L–N— RV-2 (Calvi, Corsica, France); A–G—RV, external; A—general view; B—detail of A, posterior half of valve (light gray arrow indicates angular ventro-posterior ridge); C—detail of B, intrareticular solum with fossae and LStPC; D—detail of A, anterior half of valve; E, F—detail of fossae with LStPC (white arrows indicate aperture of tubuli with a loophole pore); G—detail of A (rotated 90º), intramural fossae within a reticular structure; H–K—LV; H—external, detail of the ventral side (white arrow points to anterior); I–K—internal; I–J—details of pores of LStPC; K—central area with adductor muscle scars (indicated by central white arrow) and apertures of two NPC (lateral white arrows); L–N—RV, internal; L—general view; M, N—detail of L, anterior (M) and posterior (N) hinge (black arrows indicate the positive terminal elements). (M. Peeters sample deposited at Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels (RBINS), Inv. Nr. 12703/0C2075).
FIGURE 6 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 6. Microceratina martensi Namiotko et al., 2004, valve and limb morphology (Holotype C 28908), details redrawn from Namiotko et al., 2004: A—RV internal (with fms); B—2nd antenna with ss; C—branchial plate (exopodite) of maxillula; D—maxillular endopodite; E–F—protopodites of 6th and 7th limbs (2nd and 3rd walking legs).
FIGURE 15 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 15.?Sagmatocythere rectum (Brady, 1868), valve morphology: A–J, N, P–T (inner continental shelf off Tavira, Eastern Algarve, Portugal); K–M, O, U–W (Mira lower estuary, Portugal); A–D and P–T—RV, SMF Xe 23996; A–D—RV external; A—general lateral view; B—detail of A, round cells and StPC (C-type pore); C—detail of A, StPC (C-type pore); D—detail of A, simple NPC (A'-type). E–J—LV external, SMF Xe 23997; E—general lateral view; F—detail of E, simple NPC (A"-type) and StPC (C-type pore); G—detail of E, round cells, simple NPC (A'-type) and StPC (C-type pore); H—detail of E, round cells, simple NPC (A' and A"-type) and StPC (C-type pore); I—detail of E, round postero-ventral protuberance; J—detail of E, simple NPC (A"-type). K–M—RV external, SMF Xe 23999; K—general lateral view; L—detail of K, adductor muscle scars; M—general dorsal view. N—LV general ventral view, SMF Xe 23998. O—LV, juvenile (A-1?), external lateral view, SMF Xe 24001. P–T—RV internal (as A–D); P—general view; Q—detail of P, StPC; R—detail of P, hinge, anterior; S—detail of P, hinge, posterior; T—detail of P, posterior zone with NPC. U–W—LV internal, SMF Xe 24000; U—general view; V—detail of U, posterior, hinge and NPC; W—detail of U, anterior, hinge and NPC.
FIGURE 2 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 2. Morphological details of Microceratina quadrata Swanson, 1980: A—LV, external, specimen from Port Pegasus, New Zealand (white arrow indicates the AMZ); B—RV, internal, detail of anterior section of hinge (A, B images courtesy K. Swanson); C–D—LV, from Port Kembla, Australia (from Yassini & Jones, 1995, figs 136, 137, with permission I. Yassini); C— LV, external, light gray arrow indicates the postero-ventral lateral expansion of the valve; D—external surface ornament detail.
FIGURE 10 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 10. Cytheruridae, valve morphology: A–C—Cytherura gibba (O.F. M̧ller, 1785); BMNH 1985.171; Seaton Delaval, Great Britain: A—LV male external; B—RV male, internal (white arrow indicates the concave shape of the CP); C—detail of A (rotated 90º), ornamentation, simple type NPC (A'-type) with sensillum and simple type NPC (A'-type) with bifurcate sensillum (black arrow). D–F—Eucytherura mistrettai Sissingh, 1972; outer continental shelf off Sagres, Western Algarve, Portugal; D— RV, external, SMF Xe 23987; E—RV juvenile, external, SMF Xe 23989; F—LV, internal, SMF Xe 23988 (white arrow indicates the concave shape of the CP). G—Eucytherura alata G.W. M̧ller, 1894; LV, external, SMF Xe 23984; middle continental shelf off Sagres, Western Algarve, Portugal. H—Semicytherura sulcata (G.W. M̧ller, 1894); C female, dorsal, SMF Xe 24003; inner continental shelf off Armona, Eastern Algarve, Portugal (light gray arrow indicates tubular opening of CP). I—Semicytherura aff. rarecostata Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976; RV female, internal, SMF Xe 24002; inner continental shelf off Tavira, Eastern Algarve, Portugal (white arrow indicates the concave shape of the CP).
FIGURE 12 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 12. Cytheropteron sulcatum Bonaduce, Ciampo & Masoli, 1976, valves and carapace with details of NPC: A–I (innermiddle continental shelf off Tavira, Eastern Algarve, Portugal); A—C, general dorsal view, SMF Xe 23980 (light gray arrow indicates tubular opening of CP); B–C—LV, external, SMF Xe 23981; B—general view; C—detail of B, NPC, simple type (A'-type) with sensillum; D–G—RV, external, SMF Xe 23983; D—general view; E—detail of D, different NPC: large simple type with ring and long sensillum (upper gray arrow) (A"-type), large simple type (A'-type) with short sensillum (gray arrow right) and small simple type (A'-type) with short sensillum (white arrow); F—detail of E, large simple NPC with ring and long sensillum (A"-type); G—detail of D, large simple NPC with short sensillum; H–I—LV, internal, SMF Xe 23982; H—general view; I—detail of H, NPC, large simple type (gray arrow) and small simple type (white arrow).
FIGURE 14 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 14. Microceratina andreui Cabral & Lord sp. nov.: A–F—C, holotype, SMF Xe 23990; L = 0.39 mm, H = 0.19 mm; Boca da Mata section, Portugal; Upper Toarcian, Speciosum Zone; sample BM52B; A—left view; B—detail of A, AMZ (white arrow) and ornamentation (antero-ventral ridges); C—detail of B, adductor muscle scars; D—detail of the AMZ from B; E—detail of A, posterior, round postero-ventral protuberance; F—detail of E, posterior extremity and reticulation; G–O—C, SMF Xe 23993; L = 0.41 mm, H = 0.20 mm; Boca da Mata section, Portugal; Lower Aalenian, Opalinum Zone; sample BM161; G—right view; H—detail of G, anterior, NPC (white arrow indicates pore conulus, A"-type); I—detail of H, pore conulus; J— detail of G, reticulate cells with sola covered by fossae and intramural NPC, A"-type (white arrow); K—detail of J, pentagonal cells with fossae and intramural NPC (white arrow); L—detail of G, several fossae on sola; M—detail of L, fossae; N—detail of G, fossae; O—detail of G, fossae; P—C, ventral view, paratype, SMF Xe 23992; L = 0.38 mm, H = 0.18 mm; Boca da Mata section, Portugal; Upper Toarcian, Speciosum Zone; sample BM57; Q—C, dorsal view, paratype, SMF Xe 23991; L = 0.39 mm, H = 0.19 mm; Boca da Mata section, Portugal; Upper Toarcian, Speciosum Zone; sample BM52B; R—C, right view, paratype, same as P; S—C, left view, SMF Xe 23994; L = 0.40 mm, H = 0.19 mm; Boca da Mata section, Portugal; Lower Aalenian, Opalinum Zone; sample BM169B; T–V—C, SMF Xe 23995; L = 0.40 mm, H = 0.19 mm; Boca da Mata section, Portugal; Lower Aalenian, Opalinum Zone; sample BM162T; T—right view (white arrow indicates the AMZ); U—detail of T; V—detail of U, intramural NPC, A"-type (pore conulus).
FIGURE 11 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 11. Eucytherura species, valve morphology: A–F—Eucytherura complexa (Brady, 1867); outer continental shelf off Sagres, Western Algarve, Portugal; A–D—RV, external, SMF Xe 23985; A—general view; B—detail of A, NPC, simple type, A'-type (white arrow) and pore conuli, A"-type (black arrows); C—detail of A, NPC, simple type, A'-type, with sensillum; D—NPC, pore conuli, A2-type (black arrows); PCl-type (white arrow). E–F—RV, juvenile, internal, SMF Xe 23986; E— general view (white arrow indicates the AMZ); F—detail of E, hinge, anterior. G–I—Eucytherura mistrettai Sissingh, 1972. LV, internal, same as Fig. 10F; G—general view (white arrow indicates the AMZ); H—detail of G, dorso-central zone, NPC; I—detail of H, NPC.
Data from: The Beothukis/Culmofrons problem and its bearing on Ediacaran macrofossil taxonomy: evidence from an exceptional new fossil locality
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Data from: The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes
The Osmundales (Royal Fern order) originated in the late Paleozoic and is the most ancient surviving lineage of leptosporangiate ferns. In contrast to its low diversity today (less than 20 species in six genera), it has the richest fossil record of any extant group of ferns. The structurally preserved trunks and rhizomes alone are referable to more than 100 fossil species that are classified in up to 20 genera, four subfamilies, and two families. This diverse fossil record constitutes an exceptional source of information on the evolutionary history of the group from the Permian to the present. However, inconsistent terminology, varying formats of description, and the general lack of a uniform taxonomic concept renders this wealth of information poorly accessible. To this end, we provide a comprehensive review of the diversity of structural features of osmundalean axes under a standardized, descriptive terminology. A novel morphological character matrix with 45 anatomical characters scored for 15 extant species and for 114 fossil operational units (species or specimens) is analysed using networks in order to establish systematic relationships among fossil and extant Osmundales rooted in axis anatomy. The results lead us to propose an evolutionary classification for fossil Osmundales and a revised, standardized taxonomy for all taxa down to the rank of (sub)genus. We introduce several nomenclatural novelties: (1) a new subfamily Itopsidemoideae (Guaireaceae) is established to contain Itopsidema, Donwelliacaulis, and Tiania; (2) the thamnopteroid genera Zalesskya, Iegosigopteris, and Petcheropteris are all considered synonymous with Thamnopteris; (3) 12 species of Millerocaulis and Ashicaulis are assigned to modern genera (tribe Osmundeae); (4) the hitherto enigmatic Aurealcaulis is identified as an extinct subgenus of Plenasium; and (5) the poorly known Osmundites tuhajkulensis is assigned to Millerocaulis. In addition, we consider Millerocaulis stipabonettiorum a possible member of Palaeosmunda and Millerocaulis estipularis as probably constituting the earliest representative of the (Todea-)Leptopteris lineage (subtribe Todeinae) of modern Osmundoideae.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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