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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

A fungal endophyte induces local cell-wall mediated resistance in wheat roots against take-all disease

Datasets to accompany 'A fungal endophyte induces local cell-wall mediated resistance in wheat roots against take-all disease', DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1444271. These are datasheet 1 and table S2.

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Data from: Mutualism effectiveness and vertical transmission of symbiotic fungal endophytes in response to host genetic background

Certain species of the Pooideae subfamily develop stress tolerance and herbivory resistance through symbiosis with vertically-transmitted, asexual fungi. This symbiosis is specific, and genetic factors modulate compatibility between partners. Although gene flow is clearly a fitness trait in allogamous grasses, since it injects hybrid vigor and raw material for evolution, it could reduce compatibility and thus, mutualism effectiveness. To explore the importance of host genetic background in modulating the performance of symbiosis, Lolium multiflorum plants, infected and non-infected with Neotyphodium occultans, were crossed with genetically distant plants of isolines (susceptible and resistant to diclofop-methyl herbicide) bred from two cultivars, and exposed to stress. The endophyte improved seedling survival in genotypes susceptible to herbicide, while it had a negative effect on one of the genetically resistant crosses. Mutualism provided resistance to herbivory independently of the host genotype, but this effect vanished under stress. While no endophyte effect was observed on host reproductive success, it was increased by inter-population plant crosses. Neither gene flow nor herbicide had an important impact on endophyte transmission. Host fitness improvements due to gene flow do not appear to result in direct conflict with mutualism while this seems to be an important mechanism for the ecological and contemporary evolution of the symbiotum.

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Fig. 7 in Molecular insights of fungal endophyte co-inoculation with Trichoderma viride for the augmentation of forskolin biosynthesis in Coleus forskohlii

Fig. 7. Effect of endophyte (s) and TV1 colonization alone or in co-inoculation on photosynthetic pigments. (a) chlorophyll a, (b) chlorophyll b, and (c) carotenoids. Standard deviation of mean (SD) of three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate a significant variance between control and treatment plants (*p <0.05, **p <0.01).

Fig. 5 in Molecular insights of fungal endophyte co-inoculation with Trichoderma viride for the augmentation of forskolin biosynthesis in Coleus forskohlii

Fig. 5. Impact of RF1+TV1 combination on forskolin pathway genes analyzed by Real-time qPCR. Data are mean ±SD (n =3 replicates). The relative quantity (RQ) of each gene was estimated using the formula RQ =2-ΔΔCt. Expression level of gene (a) CfTPS1, (b) CfTPS2, (c) CfTPS3, (d) CfTPS4, (e) CfCYP76AH15 and (f) CfACT1- 8. Asterisks indicate significant variation between control and endophyte inoculations (**p <0.01).

Fig. 4 in Molecular insights of fungal endophyte co-inoculation with Trichoderma viride for the augmentation of forskolin biosynthesis in Coleus forskohlii

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of forskolin biosynthetic pathway. Inoculation of CFRF1+TV1 combination differentially modulated the expression of different genes involved in forskolin biosynthesis. Intensity of grey to dark color with circles indicates expression level of specific gene in control (C) and RF1+TV1 (R + T) treated plants (i. e., grey color less expression and dark color more expression). The higher expression of CfTPS2 and CfACT1-8 followed by CfCY- P76AH15, CfTPS4, and CfTPS3.

Fig. 3 in Molecular insights of fungal endophyte co-inoculation with Trichoderma viride for the augmentation of forskolin biosynthesis in Coleus forskohlii

Fig. 3. Forskolin relative yield in various treatments tested under field conditions were analyzed by TLC method. (a) TLC plate and (b) graphical view of forskolin relative yield in roots. F: forskolin standard, Con: control, T1: RF1, T2: SF1, T3: SF2, T4: TV1, T5: RF1 + TV1, T6: SF1 + TV1 and T7: SF2 + TV1. Standard deviation of mean (SD). Asterisks indicate a significant variation between control and treatment plants (*p <0.05, **p <0.01).

Fig. 2 in Molecular insights of fungal endophyte co-inoculation with Trichoderma viride for the augmentation of forskolin biosynthesis in Coleus forskohlii

Fig. 2. Effect of endophytes and TV1 colonization on C. forskohlii. The beneficial effects of various treatments on plant height, branch number and total biomass. The graphical bar represents the effect of total of seven treatments, RF1, SF1, SF2, TV1, RF1+TV1, SF1+TV1, and SF2+TV2 and one control. (a) Plant height and (b) Number of branches. The fresh weights of shoots and roots (c) and dry weights of shoots and roots (d) were analyzed. The root length and number of tuberous roots per plant also recorded from 4 biological replicates. Error bars represents the standard deviation of mean (SD). Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and endophyte treatments (*p <0.05, **p <0.01).

Fig. 1 in Molecular insights of fungal endophyte co-inoculation with Trichoderma viride for the augmentation of forskolin biosynthesis in Coleus forskohlii

Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopic images of fungal endophytes, P. cornearis (SF1), M. pseudophaseolina (SF2), and F. redolens (RF1) grown on PDA. The magnified images of conidia and mycelia were captured. SF1 (A) and SF1 (B) are magnified images of chlamydospore (arrows) and scale = 10 μM (5000 ×) and 5 μM (10000 ×), respectively. SF2 (A) and SF2 (B) are magnified images of mycelia (arrows) and scale = 20 μM (2500 ×) and 5 μM (10000 ×), respectively. RF1 (A) and RF1 (B) are magnified images of chlamydospore (arrow) and scale = 5 μM (10000 ×) and 2 μM (20000 ×), respectively.

Fig. 4 in Recent advances in inducing endophytic fungal specialized metabolites using small molecule elicitors including epigenetic modifiers

Fig. 4. Epigenetic alterations include DNA methyl transferase (DNMT) mediated methylation of DNA (A) and Histone acetyl transferase (HAT) mediated acetylation or Histone deaetylase (HDAC) mediated deacetylation of Histones (B). These tags are associated with chromatin modulation required for expression of cryptic genes.

Fig. 3 in Recent advances in inducing endophytic fungal specialized metabolites using small molecule elicitors including epigenetic modifiers

Fig. 3. Small molecular weight compounds with potential to induce specialized metabolites production in fungi.

Fig. 2 in Recent advances in inducing endophytic fungal specialized metabolites using small molecule elicitors including epigenetic modifiers

Fig. 2. Attenuation of Camptothecin and Paclitaxel production on subculture over five generations of endophytic fungi Fusarium solani and Periconia sp. respectively. Notice the 12-fold decrease of camptothecin production with F. solani in going from the first to the fifth generation (Kusari et al., 2009). Similarly,,b) reported a reduction of 2.96-fold in the yield of Paclitaxel produced by Periconia sp. in going from generation one to generation five.

Fig. 1. A in Recent advances in inducing endophytic fungal specialized metabolites using small molecule elicitors including epigenetic modifiers

Fig. 1. A glimpse of the chemical diversity of specialized metabolites produced by endophytic fungi.

Fig. 5 in Recent advances in inducing endophytic fungal specialized metabolites using small molecule elicitors including epigenetic modifiers

Fig. 5. Selected cryptic metabolites produced through stimulation with DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors.