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Figure 3 in Phylogenetic structure of the Sphaeriinae, a global clade of freshwater bivalve molluscs, inferred from nuclear (ITS-1) and mitochondrial (16S) ribosomal gene sequences
Figure 3. The single most-parsimonious tree (L = 951; CI = 0.568; RI = 0.793) obtained from the maximum parsimony analysis of combined (16S + ITS1) sequence dataset. Maximum likelihood analysis produced a largely congruent topology (HKY model; Ln likelihood = - 7034.61154) with the only difference being Pisidium dubium sister to Sphaerium/Musculium clade. Taxonomic names are arranged according to suggested sphaeriinid taxonomy in the present study and five major monophyletic lineages are indicated. Two Eupera species, E. cubensis and E. platensis, were designated as outgroups. MP bootstrap values are shown to the left of the slash and decay index values to the right above the branches. Numbers below the branches indicate ML bootstrap values.
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic structure of the Sphaeriinae, a global clade of freshwater bivalve molluscs, inferred from nuclear (ITS-1) and mitochondrial (16S) ribosomal gene sequences
Figure 1. Strict consensus of the four equally most parsimonious trees (L = 526; CI = 0.447; RI = 0.743) obtained from the phylogenetic analysis of sphaeriid mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Two Eupera species, E. cubensis and E. platensis, were designated as outgroups and inferred sequence gaps were considered as missing data. Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap values and numbers below indicate decay index values.
Data for: Amazonian birds in more dynamic habitats have less population genetic structure and higher gene flow
<p>Understanding the factors that govern variation in genetic structure across species is key to the study of speciation and population genetics. Genetic structure has been linked to several aspects of life history, such as foraging strategy, habitat association, migration distance, and dispersal ability, all of which might influence dispersal and gene flow. Comparative studies of population genetic data from species with differing life histories provide opportunities to tease apart the role of dispersal in shaping gene flow and population genetic structure. Here, we examine population genetic data from sets of bird species specialized on a series of Amazonian habitat types hypothesized to filter for species with dramatically different dispersal abilities: stable upland forest, dynamic floodplain forest, and highly dynamic riverine islands. Using genome-wide markers, we show that habitat type has a significant effect on population genetic structure, with species in upland forest, floodplain forest, and riverine islands exhibiting progressively lower levels of structure. Although morphological traits used as proxies for individual-level dispersal ability did not explain this pattern, population genetic measures of gene flow are elevated in species from more dynamic riverine habitats. Our results suggest that the habitat in which a species occurs drives the degree of population genetic structuring via its impact on long-term fluctuations in levels of gene flow, with species in highly dynamic habitats having particularly elevated gene flow. These differences in genetic variation across taxa specialized in distinct habitats may lead to disparate responses to environmental change or habitat-specific diversification dynamics over evolutionary time scales.</p>
FIG. 2 in Structural and functional genes, and highly repetitive sequences commonly used in the phylogeny and species concept of the phylum Cyanobacteria
FIG. 2. — Phylogeny of common or less studied genetic markers. According to the literature review,less common studied genetic marker has been highlighted.
FIG. 1. — A in Structural and functional genes, and highly repetitive sequences commonly used in the phylogeny and species concept of the phylum Cyanobacteria
FIG. 1. — A summary of structural and functional genes, and highly repetitive sequences commonly used in the phylogeny of cyanobacteria.
Data for: Amazonian birds in more dynamic habitats have less population genetic structure and higher gene flow
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Data from: Structure, gene order, and nucleotide composition of mitochondrial genomes in parasitic lice from Amblycera
<p>Parasitic lice have unique mitochondrial (mt) genomes characterized by rearranged gene orders, variable genome structures, and less AT content compared to most other insects. However, relatively little is known about the mt genomes of Amblycera, the suborder sister to all other parasitic lice. Comparing among nine different genera (including representative of all seven families), we show that Amblycera have variable and highly rearranged mt genomes. Some genera have fragmented genomes that vary considerably in length, whereas others have a single mt chromosome. Notably, these genomes are more AT-biased than most other lice. We also recover genus-level phylogenetic relationships among Amblycera that are consistent with those reported from large nuclear datasets, indicating that mt sequences are reliable for reconstructing evolutionary relationships in Amblycera. However, gene order data cannot reliably recover these same relationships. Overall, our results suggest that the mt genomes of lice, already know to be distinctive, are even more variable than previously thought.</p>
Population studies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense reveal geographically structured major gene-mediated pathogen resistance
<p>Natural plant populations encounter strong pathogen pressure and defense-associated genes are known to be under selection dependent on the pressure by the pathogens. Here we use populations of the wild tomato Solanum chilense to investigate natural resistance against Cladosporium fulvum, a well-known ascomycete pathogen of domesticated tomatoes. Host populations used are from distinct geographical origins and share a defined evolutionary history. We show that distinct populations of S. chilense differ in resistance against the pathogen. Screening for major resistance gene mediated pathogen recognition throughout the whole species showed clear geographical differences between populations and complete loss of pathogen recognition in the south of the species range. In addition, we observed high complexity in a homologues of Cladosporium resistance (Hcr) locus, underlying the recognition of C. fulvum, in central and northern populations. Our findings show that major gene mediated recognition specificity is diverse in a natural plant-pathosystem. We place major gene resistance in a geographical context that also defined the evolutionary history of that species. Data suggest that the underlying loci are more complex than previously anticipated, with small-scale gene recombination being possibly responsible for maintaining balanced polymorphisms in the populations that experience pathogen pressure.</p>
Dataset associated to "Annotation matters: the effect of structural gene annotation on orthology"
<p>Dataset including the input and output files in "Annotation matters: the effect of structural gene annotation on orthology".</p> <ul> <li>Input proteomes for OMA and their corresponding splice files are in the OMAproteomes zipped folder. The OMA results for each annotation method are in the zipped folders with the method name (e.g. Augustus.zip).</li> <li>The fasta files (proteomes) are the same for OrthoFinder input in the cases of UniProt and Augustus (as they only have one isoform per gene). In these cases, the OrthoFinder folders (e.g. OFUniProt.zip), include the OrthoFinder output for that proteomes set. For Ensembl and NCBI, given the different approach each orthology method follows, the specific orthofinder proteomes are also included in the OrthoFinder (OF) zipped folder (e.g. OFtopNCBI.zip), in their corresponding primary_transcripts subfolder. </li> <li>The folder GSTDBenchmarOutput.zip contains the results from the Generalized Species Tree Discordance Benchmark.</li> <li>topNCBI/topEnsembl correspond to the original proteomes downloaded from the databases.</li> <li>priNCBI/primEnsembl correspond to the proteomes sets which include only the genes found on the primary assembly (reference sequences).</li> <li>For the species code to species name correspondance, please check the Code-Species.csv file.</li> </ul>
Data from: Genetic analysis of red deer (Cervus elaphus) administrative management units in a human-dominated landscape - patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow
<p><span><span>Red deer (</span><span><em>Cervus elaphus</em></span><span>) throughout central Europe are</span> impacted by different anthropogenic activities including habitat fragmentation, selective hunting, and translocations<span>. This has substantial influences on genetic diversity and the long-term conservation of local populations of this species. Here we use genetic samples from 480 red deer individuals to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of the 12 administrative management units located in Schleswig Holstein, the northernmost federal state in Germany. </span></span><span><span>We applied multiple analytical approaches and show that the history of local populations (i.e., translocations, culling of individuals outside of designated red deer zones, and anthropogenic infrastructures) has led to comparably low levels of genetic diversity. The mean expected heterozygosity was below 0.6 and we observed on average 4.2 alleles across 12 microsatellite loci. Effective population sizes below the recommended level of 50 were estimated for multiple local populations. </span></span><span><span>Our estimates of genetic structure and gene flow show that red deer in northern Germany are best described as a complex network of asymmetrically connected subpopulations, with high genetic exchange among some local populations and reduced connectivity of others. Genetic diversity was also correlated with population densities of neighboring management units. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Based on these findings, we suggest that connectivity among existing management units needs to be considered in the practical management of the species, which means that some administrative management units should be managed together, while the effective isolation of other units needs to be mitigated.</span></span></p>
Gene flow between wild trees and cultivated varieties shapes the genetic structure of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations
<p>The sweet chestnut orchards (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.) are traditionally planted in the northern Adriatic region. This study investigates their population structure, as well as the genetic background of three toponymous clonal varieties. Six genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) and nine EST-derived SSR (EST-SSR) loci were utilized in this study. We have identified five closely related clones, which represent a singular, polyclonal marron variety, found in all three cultivation areas, acompanied by many hybrids, resulting from the breeding between cultivated and wild chestnuts. </p>
Core-shell structured chitosan-polyethylenimine nanoparticles for gene delivery: Improved stability, cellular uptake, and transfection efficiency
<p>Gene therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for various acquired and inherited diseases. The delivery of nucleic acids relies on so-called vectors that condense and encapsulate their cargo, generating stable nano-sized particles. Especially non-viral gene delivery systems are of increasing interest. However, accomplishing therapeutic levels of transgene expression and limited tolerability of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, we investigate in the present study the improvement of nucleic acid delivery using depolymerized chitosan – polyethylenimine DNA core complexes (dCS-PEI/DNA). These core complexes are further entrapped into a variety of dCS-based shells, functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacers conjugated to ionic moieties (amino or carboxylate groups) and cell penetrating peptides. This modular approach allowed to evaluate the effect of the shell functional components on the physico-chemical particle characteristics and biological effects <em>in vitro</em>. The optimized ternary complex combines a core-dCS-LPEI/DNA complex with a shell consisting of dCS-PEG-COOH, which resulted in improved encapsulation of nucleic acid, accelerated cellular uptake, enhanced transfection efficiency, and superior transfection potency in human hepatoma HuH-7 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes. Effects on transgene expression are confirmed <em>in vivo</em> in wild-type mice following retrograde intrabiliary infusion. After administration to mice of only 100 ng complexed nanovector DNA, ternary complexes induce a high reporter gene signal for three days. We conclude that ternary core-shell structured particles comprising functionalized chitosan are a promising gene delivery technology for both <em>in vitro</em> as well as <em>in vivo </em>applications. The modular design will facilitate the development of chemically modified derivatives.</p>
Structural variants in the barley gene pool: precision and sensitivity to detect them using short-read sequencing and their association with gene expression and phenotypic variation
<p>SNV of 23 parental barley inbreds of the double round robin population (DRR) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13746">https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13746</a>) used in the publication "Structural variants in the barley gene pool: precision and sensitivity to detect them using short-read sequencing and their association with gene expression and phenotypic variation". SV, INDELs, and additional data are available via figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16802473).</p>
Data and metadata of soil microbial community structure, enzyme activities, functional genes and earthworms derived from H2020 Diverfarming project
<p>Soil data and metadata of soil microbial community structure, enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, leucine-aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and arylsusfatase activities), N functional genes and earthworms from the different cases studies and long terms from WP4 "Impact of crop diversification on biodiversity", derived from H2020 Diverfarming project. The main objective of workpackage is to provide a scientific understanding of the link between diversified cropping systems, above- and belowground biodiversity, and the resulting ecosystem services provided by soil microorganisms, soil invertebrates and vegetation in agro-ecosystems. Soil organisms contribute to all biogeochemical cycles, Soil organic matter mineralization and stabilization, shape soil structure and have associations with plant species promoting growth and development. http://www.diverfarming.eu.</p>
Fig. 4 in The complete mitochondrial genome of Platygaster robiniae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae): A novel tRNA secondary structure, gene rearrangements and phylogenetic implications
Fig. 4. (continued).
Fig. 3 in The complete mitochondrial genome of Platygaster robiniae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae): A novel tRNA secondary structure, gene rearrangements and phylogenetic implications
Fig. 3. The secondary structure of 22 tRNA in Platygaster robiniae.
Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic structure and gene flow of Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China
<p>The oriental armyworm, <i>Mythimna separata</i>, is a serious agricultural pest in China. Seasonal and roundtrip migration has recently led to sudden, localized outbreaks and crop losses. To evaluate genetic differentiation between populations in eastern and western China and elucidate gene flow, the genetic structure of 20 natural populations from nine provinces was examined using seven microsatellite markers. The results indicated high genetic diversity. However, little to moderate (0 < <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> < 0.15) genetic differentiation was detected, and there was no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Bayesian clustering analysis identified three groups whereas discriminant analysis of principal components identified ten clusters that were considered as two clear‐cut clusters and one admixed group. Gene flow occurred frequently in most population pairs, and an asymmetrical migration rate was detected in several pairwise population comparisons. The bottleneck test showed that few populations had experienced recent bottlenecks. Correspondingly, large‐scale and long‐distance migration of <i>M. separata</i> has caused low genetic differentiation and frequent gene exchange. Our findings are important for studying genetic evolution and help to improve predictions of <i>M. separata</i> outbreaks in China.</p>
Effect of Beta-blockers on Structural Remodeling and Gene Expression in the Failing Human Heart
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01798992. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating and gene flow dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations under different levels of habitat fragmentation
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Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic structure and gene flow of Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.