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83 results for “glass sponge”
Figure 4 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species
Figure 4. Images of external and internal morphology of Churabana kuroshioae (A, paratype: NSMT Co-1754; B–I, holotype: RUMF-ZG-04447). A, living polyps on Pararete sp.1 in situ at Nanpo Trough, Kikaijima Island; B, living polyps on Pararete sp.2 in an aquarium at Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Motobu, Japan; C, close-up image of preserved polyp; D–F, longitudinal section of polyp; G, cross-section of polyp; H, close-up image of cyclically transitional marginal musculature; I, drawing of cteniform endodermal marginal musculature. Abbreviations: A, actinopharynx; Dd, dorsal directives; Cemm, cteniform endodermal marginal musculature; Ec, ectoderm; En, endoderm; M, mesoglea; S, siphonoglyph; O, oral disk; 5th, fifth mesentery from dorsal directives. Scales: 5 mm (A, B), 2 mm (C–H).
Figure 2 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood tree based on combined dataset of COI, 12S-rDNA, 16S-rDNA, 18S-rDNA, 28S-rDNA and ITS-rDNA. Green-coloured box indicates Hexasterophora sponge-associated zoantharians and blue coloured boxes indicate Amphidiscophora sponge-associated zoantharians. Number at nodes represent ML bootstrap values (> 50% are shown). Black circles on nodes indicate high support of Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.95).
Figure 1 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species
Figure 1. Distribution of hexactinellid sponge-associated zoantharians examined in this study. Enclosed symbols indicate Hexasterophora sponge-associated zoantharians: Churabana kuroshioae (dark blue), Vitrumanthus schrieri (red), Vitrumanthus vanderlandi (green), Vitrumanthus oligomyarius (yellow). Boxes indicate Amphidiscophora spongeassociated zoantharians: Epizoanthus aff. armatus (grey), Epizoanthus fatuus (violet), Epizoanthus stellaris (light blue), Epizoanthus aff. fatuus (pink), Kauluzoanthus sp. (black).
Figure 3 in Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species
Figure 3. Images of preserved Amphidiscophora spongesassociated zoantharians. A, B, Epizoanthus fatuus collected from Japan; C, Epizoanthus aff. fatuus collected from Australia; D, Epizoanthus stellaris collected from Australia; E, Epizoanthus aff. armatus collected from Japan. Scales: 10 mm.
Blaschka Glass Model of Sponge Development
Micro CT scan of a Blaschka model of the sponge Sycandra Raphanus from the D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum at the University of Dundee. DUNUC 9319 - glass model (incomplete) of the development stage of a sponge (Sycandra raphanus). Width=9cm. D'Arcy Thompson acquired a set of Blaschka's exquistely delicate glass models in 1888. In Growth and Form, D'Arcy refers repeatedly to the art of the glass-blower, perhaps thinking of these very models. Scanned with a Nikon XT H 225ST micro CT scanner. The resulting file is exported as an stl. and imported in to Zbrush. We'd love to hear from you if you download or print our models, especially if you use them in education and outreach. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 3 in A new glass sponge genus (Hexactinellida: Euplectellidae) from abyssal depth of the Yap Trench, northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 3. Rhizophyta yapensis gen. et sp. nov. Spicules of holotype (SEM). A. Four types of pinular dermal hexactins. B. Four types of pinular atrial hexactins, whole and enlarged ray end. C. Pinular dermal hexactin from the transition of main body and peduncle. D. Two types of atrial pentactins, similar to dermal pentactins of the main body. E. Atrial pentactin with longer proximal ray. F. Dermal pentactin from the transition of main body and peduncle, whole and enlarged proximal ray end. G. Discohexaster and enlarged secondary ray end. H. Three types of choanosomal hexactins, whole and enlarged ray end. I. Two types of choanosomal diactins, whole and enlarged tip and center. J. Dermal pentactin of the peduncle, whole and enlargements of ray ends and coarsely spined central area.
FIGURE 4 in A new glass sponge genus (Hexactinellida: Euplectellidae) from abyssal depth of the Yap Trench, northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 4. Rhizophyta yapensis gen. et sp. nov. Differing spicules of paratypes. A. Five types of diactins from paratype A. B. Discohexaster from paratype C. C. Enlarged ray ends of discohexaster from paratype C.
FIGURE 1 in A new glass sponge genus (Hexactinellida: Euplectellidae) from abyssal depth of the Yap Trench, northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1. Rhizophyta yapensis gen. et sp. nov., specimens. A. Holotype. Whole specimen (A1), lateral view of atrial surface (A2), and half-lateral view of dermal surface (A3). B. Paratype A. Whole collected sample (B1) and in situ image (B2). C. Paratype B. Collected sample (C1), dermal surface (C2), and atrial surface (C3). D. Paratype C. Collected sample with main body cut in half (D1), lateral view of main body (D2), and dermal surface (D3).
FIGURE 2 in A new glass sponge genus (Hexactinellida: Euplectellidae) from abyssal depth of the Yap Trench, northwestern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2. Rhizophyta yapensis gen. et sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Atrial surface. B. Close-up image of atrial lattice. C. SEM of atrial lattice. D. Dermal surface with radiating subdermal strands of diactins. E. Close-up image of dermal lattice. F. SEM of dermal lattice. G. Base of peduncle with root-like structures. H. Close-up image of the veil of pentactins covering the peduncle. I. SEM of the veil of pentactins covering the peduncle. J. SEM of fused diactins in root-like structures.
FIGURE 28 in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 28. Spicules of Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactins from side and top, with enlargements of proximal and distal parts of thorned tangential rays. B. Prostal paratropal hypodermal pentactin from submarginal zone with four tightly grouped tangential rays and enlargement of part of a thornless tangential ray. C. Prostal crucial hypodermal pentactin from same area, with enlarged ray end. D. Dermalia, including main diactins with enlarged ray end, irregular diactin, triactin, stauractin and monactin. E. Atrialia, whole hexactin and pentactin (rare), with enlarged distal and tangential ray tips. F. Parenchymal diactins, whole and enlarged ray tips from thinner (above) to thicker (below) forms. G. Prostal diactin, whole and enlarged middle and end. H. Discoctaster, whole and enlarged centrum and terminal ray tips. I. Oxyhexactin, whole and enlarged centrum. J. Hemioxyhexaster. K. Oxyhexaster. L. Microdiscohexaster.
FIGURE 27 in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 27. Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze, body and surfaces. A. Specimen in situ before collection (laser spacing 10 cm). B. Two sides of main specimen after drying. C. Margin and associated prostal diactins and pentactin veil. D. Lateral body surface in profile with low conules supporting pentactins of veil; note absence of prostal diactins. E. Closer view of submarginal exterior spicules with several extreme paratropal pentactins. F. Lateral dermal surface showing apertures of inhalant canals and surface conules as small stellate figures. G. Closer view of dermal surface showing extremely fine, irregular dermal lattice between three conules. H. Atrial surface showing apertures of exhalant canals covered by loose spicule lattice. I. Closer view of atrial surface showing regular hexactin mesh with protruding distal rays. All from USNM# 1196563.
FIGURE 26 in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines.
FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale).
FIGURE 24 in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 24. Spicules of Staurocalyptus psilosus n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and one tip enlarged. B. Hypodermal pentactins in end and lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; whole pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialium, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Internal diactins, including short forms from hypodermal strands (left) and longer parenchymal thin and thick examples (right), with enlarged ends and an enlarged centrum of the dermal form. F. Whole examples of the two discoctaster size classes, dermal left (smaller) and atrial right (larger), with enlarged terminal ray ends and inset size-frequency plot of spicule diameters. G. Oxyhexaster with enlarged central area showing spine arrangement. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Microdiscohexaster, whole and enlarged terminal ray ends.
FIGURE 23. Staurocalyptus psilosus n in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 23. Staurocalyptus psilosus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Nearly complete dried holotype in front and back views. C. Oscular view of the dry holotype. D. Outer lateral surface with inhalant canals below a spicule lattice cover. E. Closer view of the inhalant canals and their lattice cover. F. The delicate lattice cover over one inhalant canal. G. Oscular margin viewed from outer (dermal) surface showing projecting prostal diactins. H. Inner atrial surface with exhalant canals covered by thick tissue lattices. I. Close-up of the lattice over one exhalant canal. J. Profile of the submarginal hypodermal pentactin veil and prostal diactins, arrow marks the oscular margin which lacks projecting spicules. K. Hypodermal pentactins with short tangential rays in the basal area near the attachment site.
FIGURE 12 in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added.
FIGURE 22 in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 22. Spicules of Acanthascus koltuni n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole dermal pentactins, stauractin and triactin, and enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends of pentactin. B. Atrial hexactin, whole and enlarged ray end. C. Whole parenchymal diactin with two enlarged ends. D. Two discoctasters, slightly damaged. E. Discoctaster terminal plume and two disc ends. F. Discoctaster centra from dermal (above) and atrial (below) locations. G. Oxyhexactin. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Basal spines and spurs (arrowheads) on oxyhexaster. K. Basal spines on oxyhexactin.
FIGURE 8. Pinulasma fistulosum n. gen., n in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 8. Pinulasma fistulosum n. gen., n. sp., cleaned skeletal framework. A. Longitudinal section of body wall framework (LM). B. Longitudinal section through body wall and fistule; arrowhead shows location of Figure A (LM). C. Longitudinal section of body wall showing septa (SEM). D. Surface view of body wall and fistules (LM). E. Closer view of part of D showing septa (LM). F. Dermal surface of body wall, with slight dermal cortex and one shallow epirhysis; growth direction upward (SEM). G. Similar view of atrial surface (SEM). H. Close view of framework spurs and beams showing ornamentation (SEM).
FIGURE 15 in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 15. Spicules of Aulosaccus schulzei Ijima, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin and enlarged tangential ray end. B. Dermalia: stauractine, pentactine and hexactine forms with enlarged ray end. C. Atrialia: pentactine, stauractine and hexactine atrialia with enlarged ray end. D. Large principal diactin with enlarged ends. E. Thin regular diactin with enlarged end and middle segment. F. Short atrial diactin with enlarged end and middle segment. G. Whole solaster with inset of spherical centrum in LM, terminal ray end and disc face. H. Oxy-tip microscleres including an oxyhexactin, hemioxyhexaster, oxytriactin with short spur and enlargment of the branching area of a hemioxyhexaster. I. Whole microdiscohexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end.
FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n in <strong>New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska</strong>
FIGURE 4. Farrea aleutiana n. sp., spicules (all SEM). A. Surface pentactin, whole, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Pileate clavule, whole, side and end view of the upper end. C. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Hemioxyhexaster. F. Oxyhexactin. G. Discohexaster. H. Hemidiscohexaster. I. Discohexactin. J. Magnified side and end views of terminal ray ends of disc-tipped microscleres.
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