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Figures 17-18. 17 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 17-18. 17 Head (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar; ventral mouthparts and right antenna not shown. 18 Head (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar; mandibles and antennae not shown.

Figures 12-13. 12 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 12-13. 12 – Abdominal terga VII to X (dorsal aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar. 13 – Abdominal sterna VII to X (ventral aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar.

Figures 26-27. 26 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 26-27. 26 – Head (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; ventral mouthparts not shown. 27 – Head (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; antennae not shown.

Figure 28-33. 28 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figure 28-33. 28 – Th orax (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; legs not shown. 29 – Thorax (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; legs not shown. 30 – Abdominal terga I & II (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar. 31 – Abdominal sterna I & II (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar. 32 – Abdominal terga VII to X (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar. 33 – Abdominal sterna VII to X (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

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Data from: Repetitive DNA profiles reveal evidence of rapid genome evolution and reflect species boundaries in ground beetles

Genome architecture is a complex, multidimensional property of an organism defined by the content and spatial organization of the genome's component parts. Comparative study of entire genome architecture in model organisms is shedding light on mechanisms underlying genome regulation, evolution, and diversification; but such studies require costly analytical approaches which make extensive comparative study impractical for most groups. However, lower-cost methods that measure a single architectural component (e.g., distribution of one class of repeats) have potential as a new data source for evolutionary studies insofar as that measure correlates with more complex biological phenomena, and for which it could serve as part of an explanatory framework. We investigated copy number variation (CNV) profiles in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a simple measure reflecting the distribution of rDNA subcomponents across the genome. We find that signatures present in rDNA CNV profiles strongly correlate with species boundaries in the breve species group of Bembidion, and vary across broader taxonomic sampling in Bembidion subgenus Plataphus. Profiles of several species show evidence of re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences throughout the genome, revealing evidence of rapid genome evolution (including among sister pairs) not evident from analysis of traditional data sources such as multi-gene data sets. Major re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences has occurred frequently within the evolutionary history of Plataphus. We confirm that CNV profiles represent an aspect of genomic architecture (i.e., the linear distribution of rDNA components across the genome) via fluorescence in-situ hybridization. In at least one species, novel rDNA-like elements are spread throughout all chromosomes. We discuss the potential of copy number profiles of rDNA, or other repeats, as a low-cost tool for incorporating signal of genomic architecture variation in studies of species delimitation and genome evolution.

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Novelty and emergent patterns in sperm: morphological diversity and evolution of spermatozoa and sperm conjugation in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The beetle family Carabidae, with about 40,000 species, exhibits enough diversity in sperm structure and behavior to be an excellent model system for studying patterns and processes of sperm evolution. We explore their potential, documenting sperm form in 177 species of ground beetles using light microscopy and collecting data on 1 qualitative and 7 quantitative sperm phenotypic traits. Our sampling captures 61% of the tribal-level diversity of ground beetles. These data highlight the notable morphological diversity of sperm in ground beetles and suggest that sperm in the group have dynamic evolutionary histories with much morphological innovation and convergence. Sperm vary among species in total length (48–3,400mm), head length (0.5–270mm), and head width (0.2–6.3mm). Most ground beetles make sperm with heads that are indistinct from the flagella at the gross morphological level. However, some or all Omophron,Trachypachus, and Dyschiriini make broad-headed sperm that show morphological differences between species. Most ground beetles package their sperm into groups of sperm, termed conjugates, and ground beetles show variation in conjugate form and in the number and arrangement of sperm in a conjugate. Most ground beetles make sperm conjugates by embedding their sperm in a hyaline rod or spermatostyle. The spermatostyle is remarkably variable among species and varies in length from 17–41,000mm. Several unrelated groups of ground beetles make only singleton sperm, including Nebriinae, Cicindelinae, many Trechinae, and the tribe Paussini. In order to study patterns in sperm evolution, we combine these data with a low-resolution phylogeny of ground beetles. Results from modern comparative analyses suggest the following: sperm differ from conjugates in some aspect of their underlying evolutionary process, sperm have influenced conjugate evolution and vice versa, and conjugation with a spermatostyle likely evolved early within the history of Carabidae and it has been lost independently at least three times.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Dead wood modifies mobility of ground beetles

Fig. 2. The average amount of time spent by carabids inside the fenced plots with dead wood (DW) and inside the fenced control plots (C)

Fig. 4 in Dead wood modifies mobility of ground beetles

Fig. 4. The catch rate of unmarked individuals of P. oblongopunctatus inside fenced the DW and C plots

Fig. 1 in Dead wood modifies mobility of ground beetles

Fig. 1. The four zones on the ground beetle elytra where respective numbers were incised (drawing by J. Skłodowski)

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in First description of the male Arhytinus irideus Jedlicka, 1936 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini), a rare Ground Beetle in Mindanao, the Philippines

Fig. 2. Male genitalia of Arhytinus irideus Jedlicka, 1936: a – aedeagus, b – left paramere, c – right paramere. Scale bar = 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

F i g. 1 in Ecological And Faunistic Review Of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) In Gomel Urbocenosis (The Republic Of Belarus)

F i g. 1. The sites where ground beetles were collected: a — the city border; b — the railway; c — the river Sozh; d — parks (Р1 — Central park, conservation zone; Р2 — Central park, recreational zone; Р3 — park "Festivalniy"; Р4 — suburban recreational forest "Criystall"; Р5 — suburban recreational forest "Solnechniy"); e — river bank (R1 — city border; R2 — Novobelitskiy bridge; R3 — city beach; R4 — recreation area "Proletarskiy lug"; R5 — highland in the neighbourhood of Central park; R6 — water body shore in Kamenschikov str.; R7 — water body shore in Makaenka str.; R8 — water body shore in Kozhara str.); f — city lawns (L1 — microdistrict "Melnikov lug" lawn; L2 — GSU named after F. Scorina campus lawn; L3 — lawn along motorway in Mazurova str.; L4 — a well-kept lawn of microdistrict "Zapadniy"; L5 — kindergarten lawn; L6 — lawn in front of GSTU named after Sukhoy); g — an industrial zone (IZ1 — Gomel Chemical Plant phosphogypsum dumps area; IZ2 — a site of the outside area of plant "Tsentrolit"; IZ3 — a site of the outside area of plant "Gomselmash"). The filled figures are the authors' collecting; the hollow ones are the literary data.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Life cycle of ground beetle Chlaenius tristis reticulatus Motschulsky, 1844 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the condition of Western Transbaikalia

Fig. 1. Seasonal dynamics of activity of Chlaenius tristis reticulatus adult and larva. Stages of beetles development: t – teneral, im – immature, m – mature, s – spent. Biotopes: a

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in Sexual Size Dimorphism in Ground Beetle Carabus cumanus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and its Variation in Different Traits

Fig. 3. Results of RMA regression in C. cumanus traits: a - elytra length, b - elytra width, c - pronotum length, d - pronotum width, e - head length, f - distance between eyes (1 - steppe biotope, 2 - forest biotope. Circles and triangles denote individuals measured in forest and steppe biotopes respectively. Black dotted line denotes isometry)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Fig. 4 in Sexual Size Dimorphism in Ground Beetle Carabus cumanus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and its Variation in Different Traits

Fig. 4. Values of SSD in different traits in C. cumanus. Significant values of SSD (due to Fig. 3, where deviation from isometric curve were significant) are marked by asterisks (A - elytra length, B - elytra width, V - pronotum length, G - pronotum width, D - head length, E - distance between eyes)

Fig.3 in Ancyrophora gracilis L , 1892 and Actinocephalus permagnus Wellmer, 1910 (Eugregarinorida: Apicomplexa) in natural populations of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) - hosts preferences, intensity and seasonal dynamic

Fig.3. The mean density ± SE of Actinocephalus permagnus (circle) and Ancyrophora gracilis (square) in consecutive seasons

Fig. 1 in Ancyrophora gracilis L , 1892 and Actinocephalus permagnus Wellmer, 1910 (Eugregarinorida: Apicomplexa) in natural populations of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) - hosts preferences, intensity and seasonal dynamic

Fig. 1. Mean density of Actinocephalus permagnus (AT) and Ancyrophora gracilis (AC) in relation to host size classes. circle – medium sized, squares – broad sized hosts

Figure 13. Eutarsopolipus chlaenii n in Sheltered life beneath elytra: three new species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari, Heterostigmatina, Podapolipidae) parasitizing Australian ground beetles

Figure 13. Eutarsopolipus chlaenii n. sp. under the elytra of the host beetle Chlaenius flaviguttatus Macleay, 1825, localized on the proximal portion of the host's hindwing, with view of the mite's engorged female (yellow colour) producing eggs (milky colour).

Figure 11. Eutarsopolipus chlaenii n in Sheltered life beneath elytra: three new species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari, Heterostigmatina, Podapolipidae) parasitizing Australian ground beetles

Figure 11. Eutarsopolipus chlaenii n. sp. (larval female). (a) Body dorsum; (b) body venter; (c) right leg I; (d) right leg II; (e) right leg III. All legs in dorsal view.

Figure 8. Eutarsopolipus pulcher n in Sheltered life beneath elytra: three new species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari, Heterostigmatina, Podapolipidae) parasitizing Australian ground beetles

Figure 8. Eutarsopolipus pulcher n. sp. (larval female). (a) Body dorsum; (b) body venter; (c) right leg I; (d) right leg II; (e) right leg III. All legs in dorsal view.

Figure 2. Eutarsopolipus paryavae n in Sheltered life beneath elytra: three new species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari, Heterostigmatina, Podapolipidae) parasitizing Australian ground beetles

Figure 2. Eutarsopolipus paryavae n. sp. (male). (a) Body dorsum; (b) body venter; (c) right leg I; (d) right leg II; (e) right leg III. All legs in dorsal view.