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FIGURE 2 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution

FIGURE 2 | Variation in the isotopic composition of carbon (A. and C.) and nitrogen (C. and D.) in the piscivorous species Hoplias intermedius (A. and C.) and the detritivorous species Hypostomus francisci (B. and D.) among the studied regions.

FIGURE 1 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution

FIGURE 1 | Sampling network in the rio das Velhas basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sampling sites at rio das Velhas main stem (RV-01 to RV- 05), rio Taquaraçu (TQ); rio Jaboticatubas (JB); rio Cipó (CP1 and CP2); rio da Onça (ON); rio Bicudo (BI); rio Curimataí (CU); and Sewage Treatment Plants (STP's).

Fig. 5 in Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian peninsula

Fig. 5. Disparity values computed for morphospace of each extant and Plio−Pleistocene large carnivore guild. Lines define 95% confidence interval under 999 randomizations. Extant is for all living taxa (N = 34) while Plio−Pleistocene stand for all fossil taxa (N = 23). Kruger, Africa is for Africa, Gunung Lensung, Indonesia for Indonesia, Otishi for South America,, Yellowstone for North America, Krokonose for Czech Republic. Fossil communities are ordered from the youngest to the oldest: Aurelian, 0.3 Ma; Galerian 3, 0.45 Ma; Galerian 2, 0.6 Ma; Galerian 1, 0.8 Ma; Pirro, 1.1 Ma; Valdi− Chiana, 1.5 Ma; Up Valdarno, 1.9 Ma; Montopoli, 2.6 Ma; Triversa, 3.2 Ma.

Fig. 3 in Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian peninsula

Fig. 3. Scatter plots of RW1 (X axis, scale −0.40 / +0.40) versus RW2 (Y axis, scale −0.40 / +0.40). Each extant large carnivore guild is highlighted by closed circles. The Kruger, Africa guild represents Africa, Krokonose is for Czech Republic, Gunung Lensung, Indonesia Lensung for Indonesia, Otishi for South America and Yellowstone for North America.

Fig. 4 in Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian peninsula

Fig. 4. Scatter plots of RW1 (X axis, scale −0.40 / +0.40) versus RW2 (Y axis, scale −0.40 / +0.40). Each Plio−Pleistocene carnivore guild is highlighted by closed circles. Guild are representative of distinct Paleo−Communities trough time: Triversa, 3.2 Ma; Montopoli, 2.6 Ma; Up Valdarno, 1.9 Ma; ValdiChiana, 1.5 Ma; Pirro, 1.1 Ma; Galerian 1, 0.8 Ma; Galerian 2, 0.6 Ma; Galerian 3, 0.45 Ma; and Aurelian, 0.3 Ma.

Fig. 6 in Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian peninsula

Fig. 6. Scatter plot of log number of artiodactyls vs. large carnivore disparity values. Open circles, extant ecosystems; closed, fossil ecosystems. A linear trendline is placed on extant data points. Open circles represent extant ecosystem including Kruger, Africa, Africa; Gunung Lensung, Indonesia Lensung, Indonesia; Otishi, South America; Yellowstone, North America; Krokonose, Czech Republic. Closed circles are fossil communities: Triversa, 3.2 Ma; Montopoli, 2.6 Ma; Up Valdarno, 1.9 Ma; Valdi− Chiana, 1.5 Ma; Pirro, 1.1 Ma; Galerian 1, 0.8 Ma; Galerian 2, 0.6 Ma; Galerian 3, 0.45 Ma; and Aurelian, 0.3 Ma.

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Figure 2 in Diet composition, guild structure and trophic relationships of wintering birds of prey in an estuarine wetland (The Evros Delta National Park, Greece)

Figure 2. Cluster analysis (dendrogram) based on the biomass proportions of the diets of the seven species of birds of prey studied in Evros Delta.

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Figure 1 in Diet composition, guild structure and trophic relationships of wintering birds of prey in an estuarine wetland (The Evros Delta National Park, Greece)

Figure 1. Diet compiled for the most important prey taxa of the seven species of birds of prey studied in the Evros Delta, a) by biomass (upper graph) and b) by numbers (lower graph) (Shannon index/Evenness are shown below each species name).

Fig. 3 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression of host body mass (values were log-transformed) with richness of helminths associated to wildlife hosts (values were corrected for sampling effort).

Fig. 2 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 2. Relationships between latitude and the average taxonomic distinctness of overall helminths (A) and nematodes (B).

Fig. 4 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 4. Parasite richness and average taxonomic distinctness by host trophic guild (the size of circle represents the number of hosts belonging to each trophic guild).

Fig. 1 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico

Fig. 1. Maps showing the geographic locations of the records, classified by phylum of the subsetted database.

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Figure 2. Oiketicus kirby.a. Basket-shaped bag. b in Living inside baskets: a new fruit tree host for Oiketicus kirbyi Guilding, 1927 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in Brazil

Figure 2. Oiketicus kirby.a. Basket-shaped bag. b. Dorsal view of larva. c. General view of Jabuticabeira tree. d. Immature Jabuticabeira fruit being eaten by O. kirbyi larva. / Figura 2. Oiketicus kirby. a. Capullo. b. Vista dorsal de la larva de Oiketicus kirbyi. c. Vista general del árbol de Jabuticabeira. d. Fruto inmaduro de Jabuticabeira siendo comido por la larva de O. kirbyi.

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Trophic guild data for microbial eukaryotes

Data on trophic guilds of microbial eukaryotes derived from the following sources: Adl, S.M., Bass, D., Lane, C.E., Luke&scaron;, J., Schoch, C.L., Smirnov, A., Agatha, S., Berney, C., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Cárdenas, P., Čepička, I., Chistyakova, L., Campo, J. del, Dunthorn, M., Edvardsen, B., Eglit, Y., Guillou, L., Hampl, V., Heiss, A.A., Hoppenrath, M., James, T.Y., Karnkowska, A., Karpov, S., Kim, E., Kolisko, M., Kudryavtsev, A., Lahr, D.J.G., Lara, E., Gall, L.L., Lynn, D.H., Mann, D.G., Massana, R., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrow, C., Park, J.S., Pawlowski, J.W., Powell, M.J., Richter, D.J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Shimano, S., Spiegel, F.W., Torruella, G., Youssef, N., Zlatogursky, V., Zhang, Q., 2019. Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 66, 4–119. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12691">https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12691</a> Aleoshin, V.V., Mylnikov, A.P., Mirzaeva, G.S., Mikhailov, K.V. and Karpov, S.A., 2016. Heterokont Predator Develorapax marinus gen. et sp. nov.–A Model of the Ochrophyte Ancestor. Frontiers in microbiology, 7, p.1194. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01194">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01194</a> Ann PJ, Huang JH, Wang IT, Ko WH, 2006. Pythiogeton zizaniae, a new species causing basal stalk rot of water bamboo in Taiwan. Mycologia 98: 116e120. <a title="https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832717" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832717">https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832717</a> Azevedo C., Hine P.M. (2016) Haplosporidia. In: Archibald J. et al. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_16-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_16-1</a> Baldauf S.L., Strassmann J.E. (2017) Dictyostelia. In: Archibald J. et al. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_14-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_14-1</a>  Beakes G.W., Thines M. (2016) Hyphochytriomycota and Oomycota. In: Archibald J. et al. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_26-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_26-1 </a> Bell, E.M. and Laybourn‐Parry, J., 2003. Mixotrophy in the antarctic phytoflagellate Pyramimonas gelidicola (Chlorophyta: Prasinophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 39(4), pp.644-649. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02152.x">https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.02152.x</a> Bennett R.M., Honda D., Beakes G.W., Thines M. (2017) Labyrinthulomycota. In: Archibald J. et al. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_25-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_25-1</a> Bernard, Catherine, Alastair G. B. Simpson & David J. Patterson (2000) Some free-living flagellates (protista) from anoxic habitats Ophelia 52(2):113-142. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00785236.1999.10409422">https://doi.org/10.1080/00785236.1999.10409422</a> Bigelow, D. M., Olsen, M. W., & Gilbertson, R. L. (2005). Labyrinthula terrestris sp. nov., a new pathogen of turf grass. Mycologia 97:185–190. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832852">https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832852</a> Boltovskoy D., Anderson O.R., Correa N.M. (2017) Radiolaria and Phaeodaria. In: Archibald J. et al. (eds) Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_19-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_19-2</a> Bourland, W. A. & Struder-Kypke, M. C. 2010. 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Fig. 6 in Paleoecology of the large carnivore guild from the late Pleistocene of Argentina

Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the "imbalance" hypothesis (A) and an alternative hypothesis (B).

Fig. 5 in Paleoecology of the large carnivore guild from the late Pleistocene of Argentina

Fig. 5. General trophic relationships between the Lujanian carnivores and their main prey grouped by size classes. Black arrows: frequent preys; Grey arrows: occasional preys. The reconstructions are not drawn to scale (see the text for body mass estimations). Upper section (from left to right): a giant armadillo (Pampatherium typum Ameghino, 1875), a deer [Morenelaphus lujanensis (Ameghino, 1888)]; a capybara [Neochoerus aesopi (Leidy, 1854)]; a horse [Hippidion principale (Lund, 1840)]; a guanaco (Lama guanicoe Müller, 1776); a mastodon [Stegomastodon platensis (Ameghino, 1888)]; a glyptodont [Panochthus tuberculatus (Owen, 1845)]; a litoptern (Macrauchenia patachonica Owen, 1838); a toxodont (Toxodon platensis Owen, 1837); and the giant ground sloth (Megatherium americanum Cuvier, 1796). Lower section (from left to right): short faced bears (Arctotherium bonariense (Gervais, 1852) and Arctotherium tarijense Ameghino, 1902); a large fox [Dusicyon avus (Burmeister, 1866)]; large conical toothed felid [Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) and Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)]; a wolf [Canis nehringi (Ameghino, 1902)]; and a sabertoothed cat [Smilodon populator (Lund, 1842)].

Fig. 2 in Paleoecology of the large carnivore guild from the late Pleistocene of Argentina

Fig. 2. Frequencies of herbivore body mass (>10 kg) from the Lujanian of the Pampean Region (Argentina). A. Total sample. B. Herbivores with body mass between 10–1000 kg.

Fig. 1 in Paleoecology of the large carnivore guild from the late Pleistocene of Argentina

Fig. 1. Carnivore community structure of the Lujanian of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina (A), Pit 91 of Rancho La Brea, USA (B), and of three living faunas (Serengueti, Tanzania (C), Chitawan, Nepal (D), and Yellowstone, USA (E)), expressed in scatterplots of the carnivore body mass (kg) and maximum prey size (kg). This graphic was made with information from Schaller (1972), Ewer (1973), Van Valkenburgh (1985), Skinner and Smithers (1990), Nowak (1991), Silva and Downing (1995b), Van Valkenburgh and Hertel (1998), Sunquist and Sunquist (2002), Spencer et al. (2003), and Sillero Zubiri et al. (2004).

Fig. 4 in Paleoecology of the large carnivore guild from the late Pleistocene of Argentina

Fig. 4. Bivariate plot of log−transformed body size vs. population density for 12 species of African carnivores. Full lines: regression line (least squares adjustment) Dotted lines: 95% confidence intervals. pp: Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758); pl: Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758); ac: Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1775); cr: Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777); fl: Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775; gs: Galerella sanguinea (Rüppell, 1836), ia: Ichneumia albicauda (Cuvier, 1829); ge: Genetta genetta (Linnaeus, 1758); cau: Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758; Canis adustus Sundevall, 1847; cm: Canis mesomelas Schreber, 1775; cs: Canis simensis Rüppell, 1840.