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40 results for “gypsum”
Supplementary material 5 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 5 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 6 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 6 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 2 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 2 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 3 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 3 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 4 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 4 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 7 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Supplementary material 7 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036
Gypsum Relief
Gypsum wall panel; relief; eagle headed protective spirit facing right. Ashurnasirpal II, Neo-Assyrian 865BC - 860 BC From the Temple of Ninurta, Nimrud, Iraq. (Room 2 Panel 2) Height: 129 centimetres Width: 73 centimetres On display: G6a COL: [WCO26507](http://britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=367081&partId=1&searchText=assyrian+relief&page=1) Created by Daniel Pett as an experiment in rapid photogrammetry. 3 minutes of photography, 161 photos Sony A6000, Photoscan pro. No post processing in Blender (yet). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Functional diversity of experimental annual plant assemblages drives plant responses to biological soil crusts in gypsum systems
<p>1. Biological soil crusts (BSC) are complex biotic aggregates comprised of lichens, cyanobacteria, algae, and other microorganism that are known to differently affect plant development along life cycle by selecting plant functional traits based on species-specific effects. In addition, functional differences between interacting species should modulate their response ability to other environmental factors. Thus, it should be expected that the effects of the BSC on plants will be significantly determined by the own functional diversity in the community.</p> <p>2. To understand the multiple effects of BSC and the extent to which the functional diversity of interacting plant species can modulate their effects on the development of coexisting species, we applied an experimental approach by manipulating the initial functional diversity of the entire annual plant community and BSC conditions in a common garden trial. We crossed three sorts of assemblages built on the basis of plant stature (combinations of only large, or only small, or diverse sized plant species in pots) with three lichen-dominated BSC disturbance scenarios (intact, or tiny mechanically disaggregated, or absent portions of BSC).</p> <p>3. Biological soil crusts strongly affected the establishment and development of gypsophilous annual plants in a complex, multifaceted manner, which shifted throughout the plant life cycle. We demonstrated that lichen-dominated BSC could act as a major physical barrier to the establishment of annual plants at a heterogeneous fine spatial scale. Such a restrictive effect was particularly marked in presence of intact BSC. However, after annual plants overcame the restrictions imposed by BSC, the same biotic layer facilitated plant growth and fitness, regardless of its physical integrity, resulting in larger plants producing more fruits.</p> <p>4. Importantly, our results suggest that the functional diversity structure of the community may also drive growth and fitness of coexisting species by activating alternative coexistence mechanisms such as niche partitioning or competition symmetry. This study highlights the importance of plant neighbourhood features for the performance of interacting species, and confirms a novel, experimental way to explore the effects of community diversity on plants for the interpretation of assembly mechanisms.</p>
Dataset from: Functional traits explain both seedling and adult plant spatial patterns in gypsum annual species
<p><span>1. </span><span>Ecological processes such as seed dispersal or plant–plant interactions and environmental constraints such as climate or soil heterogeneity are known to influence establishment, and thus the spatial patterns of plant communities and populations. In this study, we hypothesized that key functional traits such as the specific leaf area (SLA), reproductive ratio (reproductive/vegetative biomass), seed mass, and maximum plant height would influence the spatial patterns of individual species in annual, gypsophilous plant communities, and that these effects would be modulated by both the soil surface structure (biocrust) and climate (precipitation) conditions. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We mapped the spatial patterns of all plants found in six 1 </span><span>x</span><span> 1 m plots (more than 1000 individuals per plot) in both the seedling (autumn) and adult stages (spring) under two biocrust experimental conditions (intact vs disturbed biocrust) during two consecutive years which were contrasted in term of precipitation (dry year and wet year). To assess the spatial patterns of seedlings and adults, we fitted four different spatial point pattern models (i.e., Poisson, inhomogeneous Poisson, Poisson cluster, and inhomogeneous Poisson cluster processes) to each of the 242 populations of the 27 most abundant species that had more than 15 individuals per plot.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Most seedling populations exhibited clustered spatial patterns that persisted in the adult stage, which suggests that short-distance dispersal is an adaptive trait for soil specialists such as gypsophilous plants. One-third of the populations fitted an inhomogeneous model best, but the physical structure of the biocrust was not related to them. More importantly, we found a connection between the functional strategies of species and the spatial distribution of plants. In particular, during the dry year, irrespective of the biocrust conditions, species with a high SLA and high Rep/Veg mainly exhibited clustered spatial patterns, whereas low SLA and low Rep/Veg were associated with random distributions. Species with heavy and light seed masses had random and clustered patterns, respectively. In both the dry and wet years, species with lower maximum heights had clustered patterns, whereas taller species exhibited random patterns. In addition, species with heavier seeds and greater maximum heights had the largest cluster sizes.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Our results confirm that the spatial patterns of seedlings and adult plants are significantly determined by the functional strategy of each species.</span></p>
FIGURE 3 in A new microendemic species of Hunzikeria (Petunieae, Solanaceae) from the gypsum outcrops of southern Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Hunzikeria in Mexico. State abbreviations: COAH = Coahuila, HGO = Hidalgo, JAL = Jalisco, NL = Nuevo León, QRO = Querétaro, SLP = San Luis Potosí, TAMPS = Tamaulipas.
FIGURE 2. Mexican Hunzikeria species. A. Hunzikeria coulteri. B. Hunzikeria texana. C–F in A new microendemic species of Hunzikeria (Petunieae, Solanaceae) from the gypsum outcrops of southern Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Mexican Hunzikeria species. A. Hunzikeria coulteri. B. Hunzikeria texana. C–F. Hunzikeria gypsophila. Photographs by Alejandra Martínez-Blancas (A), Miguel González-Botello (B), and Juan Pablo Ortiz-Brunel (C–F).
FIGURE 1. Hunzikeria gypsophila. A. Adult plant. B. Flower. C. Flower and stigma detail. D. Anthers and stigma. E. Capsule. F in A new microendemic species of Hunzikeria (Petunieae, Solanaceae) from the gypsum outcrops of southern Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Hunzikeria gypsophila. A. Adult plant. B. Flower. C. Flower and stigma detail. D. Anthers and stigma. E. Capsule. F. Seed. Illustration by Fátima Bracamontes based on the type material (J. P. Ortiz-Brunel & P. Díaz 1677).
Dataset from: Functional traits explain both seedling and adult plant spatial patterns in gypsum annual species
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Functional diversity of experimental annual plant assemblages drives plant responses to biological soil crusts in gypsum systems
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Data from: Phosphorus release from unamended and gypsum-or biochar-amended soils under simulated spring snowmelt and summer flooding conditions
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Data from: Study of mixed mode fracture toughness and fracture trajectories in gypsum interlayers in corrosive environment
Based on the engineering background of water dissolving mining for hydrocarbon storage in multi-laminated salt stratum, the mixed mode fracture toughness and fracture trajectory of gypsum interlayers soaked in half-saturated brine at various temperatures (20°C, 50°C and 80°C) were studied by using CSNBD (centrally straight-notched Brazilian disc) specimens with required inclination angles (0°, 7°, 15°, 22°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results showed: (i) The fracture load of gypsum specimens first decreased then increased with increasing inclination angle, due to the effect of friction coefficient. When soaked in brine, the fracture toughness of gypsum specimens gradually decreased with increasing brine temperature. (ii) When soaked in brine, the crystal boundaries of gypsum separated and became clearer, and the boundaries became more open between the crystals with increasing brine temperature. Besides, tensile micro-cracks appeared on the gypsum crystals when soaked in 50°C brine, and the intensity of tensile cracks became more severe when soaking in 80°C brine. (iii) The experimental fracture envelopes derived from the conventional fracture criteria and lay outside these conventional criteria. The experimental fracture envelopes were dependent on the brine temperature and gradually expanded outward as brine temperature increases. (iv) The size of FPZ (fracture process zone) was greatly dependent on the damage degree of materials and gradually increased with increase of brine temperature. The study has important implication for the control of shape and size of salt cavern.
Data from: Study of mixed mode fracture toughness and fracture trajectories in gypsum interlayers in corrosive environment
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Gypsum relief South West Palace, Room L1
Gypsum wall panel relief; carved, showing men carrying fruit from Sennacherib's southwest palace room L1 dating to 704 BC - 681 BC. Height: 148 centimetres (slab a) Width: 115.6 centimetres (slab a) Height: 147.5 centimetres (slab b) Width: 150.3 centimetres (slab b) 149 photographs, Sony A6000, processed in Photoscan pro. Currently on display in the Ashurbanipal exhibition. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Gypsum content (gypsum) soil maps of the Upper Colorado River Basin
<p>The data here were originally posted to facilitate timely and transparent peer review. The final public data release with formal metadata is now available from at the following location:</p> <p>Nauman, T.W., and Duniway, M.C., 2020, Predictive soil property maps with prediction uncertainty at 30 meter resolution for the Colorado River Basin above Lake Mead: U.S. Geological Survey data release,<a href="http://https//doi.org/10.5066/P9SK0DO2"> https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SK0DO2</a>.</p> <p>Associated publication:</p> <p>Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., 2020, A hybrid approach for predictive soil property mapping using conventional soil survey data: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 84, no. 4, p. 1170-1194. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20080">https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20080</a>.</p> <p>Repository includes maps of soil gypsum content (% wt of the <20 mm fraction) as defined by United States soil survey program. </p> <p>These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data have not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and are provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data.</p> <p>This data should be used in combination with a soil depth or depth to restriction layer map (both layers that will be released soon as part of this project) to eliminate areas mapped at deeper depths than the soil actually goes. This is a limitation of this data which will hopefully be updated in future updates. </p> <p>The creation and interpretation of this data is documented in the following article. Please note this article has not been reviewed yet and this citation will be updated as the peer review process proceeds.</p> <p>Nauman, T. W., Duniway, M. C., In Preparation. Predictive reconstruction of soil survey property maps for field scale adaptive land management. Soil Science Society of America Journal.</p> <p>File Name Details:</p> <p>ACCURACY!! Please see manuscript and Github repository (https://github.com/naumi421/SoilReconProps) for full details on accuracy. We do provide cross validation (CV) accuracy plots in this repository for both the overall sample (NRCS field pedons plus NRCS laboratory pedons; file ending _CV_plots.tif). These plots compare CV predictions with observed values relative to a 1:1 line. Values plotted near the 1:1 line are more accurate. Note that values are plotted in hex-bin density scatter plots because of the large number of observations (most are >3000).</p> <p>Elements are separated by underscore (_) in the following sequence:</p> <p>property_r_depth_cm_geometry_model_additional_elements.extension</p> <p>Example: gypsum_r_0_cm_2D_QRF_bt.tif</p> <p>Indicates soil gypsum content (gypsum) at 0 cm depth using a 2D model (separate model for each depth) employing a quantile regression forest. This file is the raster prediction map for this model. There may be additional GIS files associated with this file (e.g. pyramids) that have the same file name, but different extensions. The _bt indicates that the map has been back transformed from ln or sqrt transformation used in modeling.</p> <p>The following elements may also exist on the end of filenames indicating other spatial files that characterize a given model's uncertainty (see below).</p> <p>_95PI_h: Indicates the layer is the upper 95% prediction interval value.</p> <p>_95PI_l: Indicates the layer is the lower 95% prediction interval value.</p> <p>_95PI_relwidth: Indicates the layer is the 95% relative prediction interval (RPI). The RPI is a standardization of the prediction interval that indicates that model is constraining uncertainty relative to the original sample. RPI values less than one represent uncertainty is being improved by the model relative to the original sample, and values less than 0.5 indicate low uncertainty in predictions. See paper listed above and also Nauman and Duniway (In revision) for more details on RPI.</p> <p>References</p> <p> Nauman, T. W., and Duniway, M. C., In Revision, Relative prediction intervals reveal larger uncertainty in 3D approaches to predictive digital soil mapping of soil properties with legacy data: Geoderma</p>
Gypsum DRS Data
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