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373 results for “herbaceous”
Medicago lupulina (Fabaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Image of Medicago lupulina (Fabaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Medicago lupulina (Fabaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - on upper stem
Image of Medicago lupulina (Fabaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - on upper stem
UAV outputs and associated field measurement of the herbaceous of a Sahelian Rangeland during the wet season in Northern Senegal
<p>This dataset contains UAV outputs (mosaic and digital surface model) and field measurement of vegetation (shapefile) that were made in northern Senegal.</p> <p><strong>Site gradient measurement</strong></p> <p>The data was collected on a plot of the Centre of Zootechnical Researches of Dahra / ISRA during 2020 rainy season (from July 19, 2020, to September 17, 2020). The average rainfall for the period 1981-2018 was ranging from 221 mm.y-1 to 468 mm. y-1. The vegetation in the field is a herbaceous savannah where <em>Vachellia tortilis</em> and <em>Balanites aegyptiaca</em> are the dominant trees.</p> <p><strong>Field measurement.</strong></p> <p><strong>UAV flight plan</strong></p> <p>We used two different drones : Bluegrass and Anafi of Parrot. The Bluegrass of Parrot was used from 19/07/2020 to 04/08/2020. The Bluegrass flights were done at 60 meters of altitude, with a speed of 2 m s<sup>-1</sup>, and 90% of overlap rate between images, on a double grid of 100 m x 100 m. Anafi of Parrot was used for the rest of the season. The Anafi flights were done at 60 meters of altitude, with a speed of 2 m s<sup>-1</sup>, and 90% of overlap rate between images, on a double grid of 100 m x 100 m and the angle of inclination of the camera fixed at 80°. The flights have been done with PIX4D capture application at earlier in the day every two days. A total of 61 drone flights were conducted over the rainy season.</p> <p><strong>Herbaceous Biomass</strong></p> <p>Every two days , after drone flight, herbaceous measurements were carried out, in three plots of 1 m² distributed respectively under the crown of a tree, at the edge of the crown, and at a distance from the edge of the crown equal to the height of the tree. These plots were rotated among the trees in the field until all four azimuths of trees were covered.We collected Fresh mass and dry mass.</p> <p><strong>Image analysis.</strong></p> <p>The drone images taken for each day of collect, were analyzed in the software PIX4DMapper (Pix4D SA, Lausanne, Switzerland) by the Structure from Motion method. We used precisely the 3D mapping option of the software. Then for each flight we computed and exported an orthophotograph and a digital surface model.</p> <p><strong>Data organization</strong></p> <p>The data contains :</p> <ul> <li>DSM that contains the surface model in tiff</li> <li>Mosaic that the orthomosaic in tiff.</li> <li>Data that contains the shapefile with the position and table with the field measurements</li> </ul>
Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and non-dominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally
<p>Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants —the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage— and non-dominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where non-dominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing non-dominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit non-dominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among non-dominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among non-dominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co-dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that non-dominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more non-dominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in non-dominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/non-dominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and non-dominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Non-dominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to non-dominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some non-dominants by ameliorating environmental stressors affecting them, than by depleting resources and increasing the environmental stress to those non-dominants. These results show that the dominant/non-dominant asymmetry has ecological and evolutionary consequences fundamental to understand plant communities.</p>
Herbaceous production lost to tree encroachment in United States rangelands
<p>Data products and modeling code supporting the publication:</p> <p><strong>Herbaceous production lost to tree encroachment in United States rangelands</strong> in the <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>.</p> <p>Manuscript DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14288</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <ol> <li>Rangelands of the United States provide ecosystem services that benefit society and rural economies. Native tree encroachment is often overlooked as a primary threat to rangelands due to the slow pace of tree cover expansion and the positive public perception of trees. Still, tree encroachment fragments these landscapes and reduces herbaceous production, thereby threatening habitat quality for grassland wildlife and the economic sustainability of animal agriculture. </li> <li>Recent innovations in satellite remote sensing permit the tracking of tree encroachment and the corresponding impact on herbaceous production. We analyzed tree cover change and herbaceous production across the western United States from 1990 to 2019.</li> <li>We show that tree encroachment is widespread in U.S. rangelands; absolute tree cover has increased by 50% (77,323 km<sup>2</sup>) over 30 years, with more than 25% (684,852 km<sup>2</sup>) of U.S. rangeland area experiencing tree cover expansion. Since 1990, 302 ± 30 Tg of herbaceous biomass have been lost. Accounting for variability in livestock biomass utilization and forage value reveals that this lost production is valued at between $4.1 - $5.6 billion U.S. dollars.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications: The magnitude of impact of tree encroachment on rangeland loss is similar to conversion to cropland, another well-known and primary mechanism of rangeland loss in the U.S. Prioritizing conservation efforts to prevent tree encroachment can bolster ecosystem and economic sustainability, particularly among privately-owned lands threatened by land-use conversion.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>This archive contains data products and modeling code for production loss and tree cover change estimates provided in the accompanying refereed publication. The easiest way to view and use these data is in Google Earth Engine:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://smorford.users.earthengine.app/view/yield-gap">https://smorford.users.earthengine.app/view/yield-gap</a></li> <li><a href="https://code.earthengine.google.com/8ad19c7f7a6e04b377953326b274f98d">https://code.earthengine.google.com/8ad19c7f7a6e04b377953326b274f98d</a></li> </ul> <p>Summary data products are included in the <em>data-products</em> folder, and include links and scripts to download all annual data discussed in the manuscript. The full dataset is roughly 660GB and cannot be achieved on Zonodo as of summer 2022.</p> <p>Similarly, the <em>model</em> directory contains the primary codebase for processing raw tree cover data and running XGBoost modeling training and inference for the production loss model. To recreate the production loss data will require downloading approximately 900GB of biomass data and 250GB of tree cover data; total project size will be approximate 1.8 TB after inference.</p> <p>Data can also be downloaded directly from the University of Montana web servers:</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://rangeland.ntsg.umt.edu/data/rap/rap-vegetation-biomass/v2/">http://rangeland.ntsg.umt.edu/data/rap/rap-vegetation-biomass/v2/</a></li> <li><a href="http://rangeland.ntsg.umt.edu/data/rap/rap-derivatives/yield-gap/v1/">http://rangeland.ntsg.umt.edu/data/rap/rap-derivatives/yield-gap/v1/</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Journal citation:</strong></p> <p>Morford, S.L., Allred, B.W., Twidwell, D., Jones, M.O., Maestas, J.D., Roberts, C.P. and Naugle, D.E., <em>Accepted</em>. Herbaceous production lost to tree encroachment in United States rangelands. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, August 2022.</p>
Text-fig. 16. Reconstruction of herbaceous angiosperms from Bolshoy Kuvshin locality, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. a: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137; b: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia
Text-fig. 16. Reconstruction of herbaceous angiosperms from Bolshoy Kuvshin locality, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. a: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137; b: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS.
Text-fig. 15. Reconstruction of herbaceous angiosperms from Bolshoy Kuvshin locality, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. a: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG; b: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia
Text-fig. 15. Reconstruction of herbaceous angiosperms from Bolshoy Kuvshin locality, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. a: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG; b: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN.
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - lateral view of flower
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - lateral view of flower
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - margin of upper + lower surface
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in flower - general view
Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Image of Xyris tennesseensis (Xyridaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.