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64 results for “host fungi”
Data from: Host phenology and potential saprotrophism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the boreal forest
Phenology-induced changes in carbon assimilation by trees may affect carbon stored in fine roots and as a consequence, alter carbon allocated to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two competing models exist to explain carbon mobilization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Under the 'saprotrophy model', decreased allocation of carbon may induce saprotrophic behaviour in ectomycorrhizal fungi, resulting in the decomposition of organic matter to mobilize carbon. Alternatively, under the 'nutrient acquisition model', decomposition may instead be driven by the acquisition of nutrients locked within soil organic matter compounds, with carbon mobilization a secondary process. We tested whether phenology-induced shifts in carbon reserves of fine roots of aspen (Populus tremuloides) affect potential activity of four carbon-compound degrading enzymes, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase and laccase, by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal roots from mature aspen were collected across eight stands in north-eastern Alberta, Canada, and analysed during tree dormancy, leaf flush, full leaf expansion and leaf abscission. We predicted potential extracellular enzyme activity to be highest when root carbon reserves were lowest, should host phenology induce saprotrophism. Further, we anticipated enzyme activity to be mediated by invertase, a plant-derived enzyme which makes carbon available to fungal symbionts in the plant–fungus interface. Root carbon reserves were positively correlated with invertase, suggesting phenology may affect carbon allocation to ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, of the four enzymes, host phenology had the largest effect on β-glucuronidase, but activity of this enzyme was not correlated with root carbon reserves or invertase. Low-biomass ectomycorrhizas had greater potential laccase activity than high-biomass ectomycorrhizas, highlighting discrete functional traits in fungi for litter decomposition. Our results suggest that the decomposition of organic matter may be driven by foraging by fungi for nutrients locked within organic compounds rather than for mobilizing carbon. Furthermore, the potential ability to degrade lignin was more common in low-biomass ectomycorrhizas when compared to high-biomass ectomycorrhizas.
Congruent population genetic structures and divergence histories in anther-smut fungi and their host plants Silene italica and the S. nutans species complex
The study of population genetic structure congruence between hosts and pathogens gives important insights into their shared phylogeographic and coevolutionary histories. We studied the population genetic structure of castrating anther-smut fungi (<i>Microbotryum</i> genus) and of their host plants, the <i>Silene nutans</i> species complex, and the morphologically and genetically close <i>S. italica</i>, which can be found in sympatry. Phylogeographic population genetic structure related to persistence in separate glacial refugia has been recently revealed in the <i>S. nutans</i> plant species complex across Western Europe, identifying several distinct lineages. We genotyped 171 associated plant-pathogen pairs of anther-smut fungi and their host plant individuals using microsatellite markers and plant chloroplastic SNPs. We found clear differentiation between fungal populations parasitizing <i>S. nutans</i> and <i>S. italica</i> plants. The population genetic structure of fungal strains parasitizing the <i>S. nutans</i> plant species complex mirrored the host plant genetic structure, suggesting that the pathogen was isolated in glacial refugia together with its host and/or that it has specialized on the plant genetic lineages. Using random forest approximate Bayesian computation (ABC-RF), we found that the divergence history of the fungal lineages on <i>S. nutans</i> was congruent with the one previously inferred for the host plant and likely occurred with ancient but no recent gene flow. Genome sequences confirmed the genetic structure and the absence of recent gene flow between fungal genetic lineages. Our analyses of host-pathogen individual pairs contribute to a better understanding of co-evolutionary histories between hosts and pathogens in natural ecosystems, in which such studies are still scarce.
FIGURES 23–24. Antillophanes cubensis larval cases and host fungi. 23 in Antillopsyche sessilis, new genus and species, a new Psychidae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) from Cuba with an unusual larval feeding behavior
FIGURES 23–24. Antillophanes cubensis larval cases and host fungi. 23—Larval cases feeding on Trametes villosa (Polyporaceae). 24—Larvae within their cases feeding on Phylloporia pectinata (Hymenochaetaceae).
FIGURE 1 in Studies of botryosphaerialean fungi associated with canker and dieback of tree hosts in Dongling Mountain of China
FIGURE 1. Phylogram of Botryosphaeriales based on combined ITS, LSU, and TEF-1α genes. MP and ML bootstrap support values above 50 % are shown at the first and second position respectively. Thickened branches represent posterior probabilities above 0.95 from BI. Type species are in bold. Strains in the current study are in blue.
FIGURE 2 in Studies of botryosphaerialean fungi associated with canker and dieback of tree hosts in Dongling Mountain of China
FIGURE 2. Morphology of Phaeobotryon rhoinum from Rhus typhina (CF 201782). A: Symptoms on the host. B, C: Habit of pycnidia on a twig. D: Transverse section of pycnidia. E: Longitudinal section through pycnidia. F–H: Conidiogenous cells and conidia. I: immature conidia. J–K: mature conidia. Scale bars: B = 1 mm; C–E = 500 μm; F–K = 10 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Redetermination of host plants reveals that the rust fungi Aecidium annonae, Aecidium chrysophaeum and Cerotelium xylopiae occur on Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) instead of Annonaceae
FIGURE 1. Micromorphological characteristics distinguishing Ebenaceae and Annonaceae: a. Diospyros sericea, surface of trichome tip covered with elongated spindle shaped warts; b. Annona holosericea Saff., section through leaf showing two globular secretory cells.
FIGURE 2 in Redetermination of host plants reveals that the rust fungi Aecidium annonae, Aecidium chrysophaeum and Cerotelium xylopiae occur on Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) instead of Annonaceae
FIGURE 2. Aecidium annonae: a. Infected leaves of Diospyros hispida (holotype). b–d. Aecia: b. peridial cells in longitudinal section (inner side on the left); c. inner side of peridial cells in face view; d. aeciospores in face view and optical sections.
FIGURE 3 in Redetermination of host plants reveals that the rust fungi Aecidium annonae, Aecidium chrysophaeum and Cerotelium xylopiae occur on Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) instead of Annonaceae
FIGURE 3. Aecidium chrysophaeum: a. Infected leaves of Diospyros artanthifolia (lectotype). c. Subepidermal spermogonium in section. c–f. Aecia: c. aecium in section; d. aeciospores with enlarged distal wall, insert shows single spore with lumen stained by cottonblue; e. inner side of peridial cells in face view; f. outer side of peridial cells in face view and optical section.
FIGURE 4 in Redetermination of host plants reveals that the rust fungi Aecidium annonae, Aecidium chrysophaeum and Cerotelium xylopiae occur on Diospyros species (Ebenaceae) instead of Annonaceae
FIGURE 4. Cerothelium diospyri: a–b. Comparison of size and shape between leaves of a. Xylopia sericea A. St.-Hill. (Annonaceae) infected by Dasyspora winteri (Pazschke) Beenken and b. Diospyros sericea (Ebenaceae) infected by Cerothelium diospyri. Upper leaf side is shown on the left and lower side is shown on the right. c–f. Telia of Cerotelium diospyri on Diospyros sericea (holotype); c. Telium breaking through the papillate leaf epidermis, in section; d. teliospores in gelatinous matrix; e. germinating teliospore; f. drawings of two teliospores germinating with basidia, with two of the six basidiospores germinating.
FIGURE 6. Pseudocercospora pteridophytophila. a. Host with leaf spots. b in Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan
FIGURE 6. Pseudocercospora pteridophytophila. a. Host with leaf spots. b. Single leaf spot with epiphyllous fascicles of conidiophores. c. Hypophyllous fascicle of conidiophores arising through a stoma (R. Kirschner 3756). d. Transversal leaf section showing internal hyphae and an epiphyllous fascicle of conidiophores arising from an intraepidermal stroma (R. Kirschner 3602). e. Conidiophores (R. Kirschner 3756). f. Conidia (R. Kirschner 3602). Scale bars: c, e = 10 µm, d, f = 20 µm.
Figure 1 in Leaf-mining beetles carry plant pathogenic fungi amongst hosts
Figure 1. (A) A pandanus tree (Pandanus boninensis, height: 1.5–2.0 m), a species endemic to the Ogasawara Islands. (B) A leaf mined by Phylloplatypus pandani. (C) Phylloplatypus pandani using the entrance hole of a mine. (D) Phylloplatypus pandani within a mine. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Additions to Karst Fungi 5: Sardiniella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Botryosphaeriaceae) associated with woody hosts in Guizhou province, China
FIGURE 3. Sardiniella guizhouensis (GZAAS 19-1935, sexual morph) a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on decaying aerial stem. c. Peridium. d. Vertical section of ascostromata. e. Mature and immature asci. f. Immature ascus. g–i. Mature asci. j–l. Mature brown 1-celled ascospores. m, n. Mature brown 1-septate ascospores. o. 5d old culture on PDA from above. p. 5d old culture on PDA from reverse. Scale bars: c=50μm, d=100μm, e=20μm, f–n=10μm.
FIGURE 1 in Additions to Karst Fungi 5: Sardiniella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Botryosphaeriaceae) associated with woody hosts in Guizhou province, China
FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood (ML) majority rule consensus tree for the analyzed Botryosphaeriaceae genera based on combined LSU, ITS and tef1 sequence data. RAxML bootstrap support values (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) are given at the nodes (ML/MP). Branches are in bold indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities> 0.95. Isolate numbers of ex-types and reference strains are in bold. Species isolated in this study are in ted. The tree was rooted to Melanops tulasnei (CBS 116805).
FIGURE 2 in Additions to Karst Fungi 5: Sardiniella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Botryosphaeriaceae) associated with woody hosts in Guizhou province, China
FIGURE 2. Sardiniella guizhouensis (HKAS 113023, holotype). a, b. Conidiomata on host surface. c, d. Vertical section of multiloculate conidiomata. e–h. Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. i–l. Immature, hyaline conidia. m, n. Mature, brown 1-septate conidia. Scale bars: c=50 μm, d=10 μm, e=50 μm, f=20 μm, g–n=10 μm.
Data from: Low host specificity among arctic root-assosiated fungi
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Community composition of arctic root-associated fungi mirrors host plant phylogeny
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Data from: Host phenology and potential saprotrophism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the boreal forest
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Congruent population genetic structures and divergence histories in anther-smut fungi and their host plants Silene italica and the S. nutans species complex
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Neighboring trees regulate the root-associated pathogenic fungi on the host plant in a subtropical forest
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Figures 21-28 from: Borlini PV, Lopes-Andrade C, Araujo LS (2018) Cis pallidus Mellié, 1849: redescription, new synonym, geographic distribution, and host fungi records. ZooKeys 762: 117-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.23433
Figures 21-28 Cis pallidus Mellié, 1849, scanning electron microscopy. 21 Dorsal view 22 Ventral view 23 Elytral bristle 24 Antenna 25 Part of head and prothorax in ventral view 26 Protibiae, showing the outer apical angle (arrow) 27 Part of pronotum and elytra, with scutellar shield 28 Part of metaventrite and abdominal ventrites. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (21–22, 25–26, 28), 0.01 mm (23), 0.1 mm (24, 27).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.