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40 results for “host heterogeneity”

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dryad28/100

Data from: Host use dynamics in a heterogeneous fitness landscape generates oscillations in host range and diversification

Colonization of novel hosts is thought to play an important role in parasite diversification, yet little consensus has been achieved about the macroevolutionary consequences of changes in host use. Here we offer a mechanistic basis for the origins of parasite diversity by simulating lineages evolved in silico. We describe an individual-based model in which (i) parasites undergo sexual reproduction limited by genetic proximity, (ii) hosts are uniformly distributed along a one-dimensional resource gradient, and (iii) host use is determined by the interaction between the phenotype of the parasite and a heterogeneous fitness landscape. We found two main effects of host use on the evolution of a parasite lineage. First, the colonization of a novel host allowed parasites to explore new areas of the resource space, increasing phenotypic and genotypic variation. Second, hosts produced heterogeneity in the parasite fitness landscape, which led to reproductive isolation and therefore, speciation. As a validation of the model, we analyzed empirical data from Nymphalidae butterflies and their host plants. We then assessed the number of hosts used by parasite lineages and the diversity of resources they encompass. In both simulated and empirical systems, host diversity emerged as the main predictor of parasite species richness.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Integrated molecular imaging reveals tissue heterogeneity driving host-pathogen interactions

All diseases are characterized by distinct changes in tissue molecular distribution. Molecular analysis of intact tissues traditionally requires pre-existing knowledge of, and reagents for, the targets of interest. Conversely, label-free discovery of disease-associated tissue analytes requires destructive processing for downstream identification platforms. Tissue-based analyses therefore sacrifice discovery to gain spatial distribution of known targets, or sacrifice tissue architecture for discovery of unknown targets. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a multi-modality imaging platform for discovery-based molecular histology. We apply this platform to a model of disseminated infection triggered by the important pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, leading to the discovery of infection-associated alterations in the distribution and abundance of proteins and elements in tissue. These data provide an unbiased, three-dimensional analysis of how disease impacts the molecular architecture of complex tissues, enable culture-free diagnosis of infection through imaging-based detection of bacterial and host analytes, and reveal molecular heterogeneity at the host-pathogen interface.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad28/100