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Fig. 6. Male metaleg, lateral view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 6. Male metaleg, lateral view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 05174). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 3 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 3. Male genitalia, aedeagus, lateral view. A. Merodon aureus (Fabricius, 1805) (FSUNS; FSUNS ID 09662) the place of absence of lateral sclerite of the aedeagus marked with arrow. B. M. funestus (Fabricius, 1794) (FSUNS; FSUNS ID F99). C. M. bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID A2_079). D. M. zebraVujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (BMNH; FSUNS ID 03314). Abbreviations: ea = ejaculatory apodeme; p = aedeagus; s = lateral sclerite of aedeagus. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 11. Male head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 11. Male head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (USNM 2052372; FSUNS ID 04512). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., holotype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25089). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 10. Mesonotum, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 10. Mesonotum, dorsal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (FSUNS; FSUNS ZA2_079). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., holotype (NBCN; FSUNS ID 04085). D. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25090). E. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA6_066). F. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915 (TAUI; FSUNS ID 04972). A, C, E-F. Male. B, D. Female. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 15. Female head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 15. Female head, frontal view. A. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04278). B. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (FSUNS; FSUNS ID ZA5_243). C. M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (RMCA; FSUNS ID 25090). D. M. lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., paratype (NMSA; FSUNS ID ZA6_067). E. M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915, lectotype (BMNH; NHMUK010369943). Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 13. Male genitalia. A–C. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 in Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) - rare and endemic African hoverflies

Fig. 13. Male genitalia. A–C. Merodon bombiformis Hull, 1944 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04277). D–F. M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939 (NMSA; FSUNS ID 04284). A, D. Epandrium, lateral view. B, E. Epandrium, ventral view. C, F. Hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: ams = anterior margin of surstyle; c = cercus; pl = posterior lobe of surstyle. Medially narrowed hypandrium marked with arrow. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Description of a new hoverfly species of the genus Ferdinandea and the female of Eumerus muratovi from Tajikistan (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae)

Fig. 2. Ferdinandea volkovae sp. nov., male (holotype). A, general appearance, in lateral view; B, head, in anterior view. Scale bars: 5 mm (A), 1 mm (B).

Fig. 1 in Description of a new hoverfly species of the genus Ferdinandea and the female of Eumerus muratovi from Tajikistan (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae)

Fig. 1. Ferdinandea volkovae sp. nov., male (holotype). A, head, in lateral view; B, antenna, in lateral view; C, surstylus and cercus, in lateral view; D, superior lobe of hypandrium, in lateral view; E, aedeagus with apodeme. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters. Scale bars: 0.45 mm (A, B), 0.23 mm (C–E).

Fig. 4 in Description of a new hoverfly species of the genus Ferdinandea and the female of Eumerus muratovi from Tajikistan (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae)

Fig. 4. Collecting localities in Tajikistan. 1, Ferdinandea volkovae sp. nov. (holotype); 2, 3, Eumerus muratovi Barkalov, 2020 (females).

Fig. 3. Eumerus muratovi Barkalov, 2020, female. A in Description of a new hoverfly species of the genus Ferdinandea and the female of Eumerus muratovi from Tajikistan (Diptera: Syrphidae: Eristalinae)

Fig. 3. Eumerus muratovi Barkalov, 2020, female. A, general appearance, in dorsal view; B, antenna, in lateral view; C, scutellum and abdomen, in dorsal view; D, head, in anterior view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B), 1 mm (C, D).

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Fig. 7. The hoverfly Milesia vespoides, a in Hornets (Vespidae: Vespinae) of Singapore: ecology, identification, and national conservation assessment

Fig. 7. The hoverfly Milesia vespoides, a Batesian mimic of Vespa affinis and V. tropica, at Windsor Nature Park in January 2022. (Photograph by Yue Teng Lee).

Fig. 1. Merodon aureus Fabricius, 1805 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 1. Merodon aureus Fabricius, 1805, ♂, right wing with the character used in linear morphometric: a = intersection of R4+5 with r-m vein; b = intersection of R4+5 vein with a line drawn in the middle between a and c; c = the intersection of R4+5 with M1 vein; D = the angle formed by the lines that connect a, b and c.

Fig. 4 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 4. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of species of the Merodon aureus complex. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2020c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among investigated species.

Fig. 5 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 5. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of males of the Merodon natans group. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (2021c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing R4+5 vein shape differences among males of the investigated species.

Fig. 3. Box plot showing a in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 3. Box plot showing a comparison of the angle at the intersection of the R4+5 vein and the middle

Fig. 2. Merodon aureus Fabricius, 1805 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 2. Merodon aureus Fabricius, 1805, ♂, right wing with the location of 20 semilandmarks selected for geometric morphometric analysis.

Fig. 3. Box plot showing a in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 3. Box plot showing a comparison of the angle at the intersection of the R4+5 vein and the middle line for all species used in the analysis.

Fig. 7 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 7. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of males of the Merodon clavipes and pruni groups. A–B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the R4+5 vein shape variability. C–D. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the wing shape variability from Vujić et al. (in prep.). E–F. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability. G–H. Superimposed outline drawings showing the R4+5 vein shape differences between the males of the investigated species.

Fig. 6 in An assessment of new character in hoverfly species delimitation using linear and geometric morphometrics - genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae) as a case study

Fig. 6. Results of the geometric morphometric wing shape analysis of females of the Merodon natans group. A. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the R4+5 vein shape variability. B. Scatter plot of individual scores showing wing the shape variability from Vujić et al. (2021c). C. Scatter plot of individual scores showing the semilandmark R4+5 vein shape and landmark wing shape variability D. Superimposed outline drawings showing the R4+5 vein shape differences among females of the investigated species.

Hoverflies of the Timon-David collection (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Version 02, 23 Feb. 2024 42 specimens previously described under Syrphidae were identified at least to genus level.  Update to current taxonomy was done on genera Merodon, Hybobathus, Ocyptamus and Dioprosota, following recent revisions by Mengual at al. (2018) and Likov et al. (2019). A few other minor corrections to the data set were also carried out. The main paper is now published :  <div>Nève G., Lair X., Lebard Th., Meunier J.-Y., Teste L.-J., Séguinel L. 2024. Hoverflies of the Timon-David collection (Diptera, Syrphidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e117265</div> <div><a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e117265" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e117265</a></div> Version 01 Data on 1071 specimens of hoverflies collected or received by Jean Timon-David (1902-1968) and hosted at the Marseille Natural History Museum, France. The data set follows the GBIF format (https://www.gbif.org/darwin-core). In the CSV dataset format used here, fields are separated by tabs, all encoding is UTF-8, which allowed for all diacritic signs to be retained. Apostrophes (') were used wherever appropriate in locality names. Uncertain readings from the labels are indicated by a question mark in the verbatimEventDate or verbatimLocality fields. If the locality name was uncertain, no coordinates were given. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 Licence. All work derived from the present study should cite it appropriately, including the Museum where the material is held. For details see <div>Nève G., Lair X., Lebard Th., Meunier J.-Y., Teste L.-J., Séguinel L. 2024. Hoverflies of the Timon-David collection (Diptera, Syrphidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e117265</div> <div><a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e117265" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.12.e117265</a></div> Fields used in the data set (Column label: Column description): occurrenceID: Individual identification code, same as CatalogNumber catalogNumber: MHNM individual identification: combination of Museum name, collection identification, box number and specimen number within each box basisOfRecord:The specific nature of the data record (i.e. PreservedSpecimen) eventDate: Event date in the format YYYY-MM-DD if the capture date is known to the date, or YYYY-MM if only the month and yaear are known, or YYY if only the year is known year: Year of capture if known month: Month of capture if known day: Day of capture if known verbatimEventDate: Date of capture, as mentioned on the label scientificName: Lowest taxonomic rank possible, usually the species name. If unknown the genus or family names are given. identificationQualifier: In case the identification could be given only to a species group 'cf.' is input. typeStatus: One specimen is a paratype, which is indicated here as such identificationRemarks: Any comment on the identification of the specimen kingdom: Kingdom (i.e. Animalia) phylum: Phylum (i.e. Arthropoda) class: Class (i.e. Insecta) order: Order (i.e. Diptera) family: Family name (i.e. Syrphidae) genus: Genus name specificEpithet: Species epithet of the scientificName sex: Male (M) or female (F) taxonRank: Taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName identifiedBy: Name of the entomologist who identified the specimen. The name is written within square brackets if it does not appear on the label, but can be inferred from other specimens with similar handwriting, locality and date. dateIdentified: Year of identification identificationVerificationStatus: Whether (coded 1) or not (coded 0) the identification was recently checked previousIdentifications: Species name originally given on the specimen labels minimumElevationInMeters: Lower limit of the range of altitudes indicated on the label or in the associated reference maximumElevationInMeters: Higher limit of the range of altitude indicated on the label or in the associated reference decimalLatitude: Geographic latitude (in decimal degrees) of the capture location decimalLongitude: Geographic longitude (in decimal degrees) of the capture location geodeticDatum: Coordinate system and set of reference points upon which the geographic coordinates are based (i.e. WGS 84) coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: Uncertainty in coordinates, in meters continent: Continent of capture country: Country of capture countryCode: Two letter country code of the specimen origin stateProvince: French departmental administrative division. In the case of non-French data, any relevant country administrative subdivision locality: Location of capture, usually the locality verbatimLocality: Any geographical indication on the label InstitutionCode: Museum where the specimen is held (i.e. MHNM) occurrenceRemarks: Any ecological data or comment on the label LocationRemarks: Any comment regarding the location recordedBy: Name of collector (i.e. legit information) associatedRereferences: Any reference citing the specimen organismQuantity: Number of individuals bearing the same label (usually 1) organismQuantityType: individuals georeferencedBy: Identity of the person who added the Latitude and longitude data, i.e. Nève, Gabriel georeferenceProtocol: How the georeference was computed, i.e. from label data (verbatimLocality) georeferenceSources: Georeference code was inferred from geoportail.fr, French ING maps or googleEarthPro georeferencedDate: Georeference work was performed in 2023 language: The data set is mainly written in French, apart from column headings, which are in English collectionCode: Identifier of collection (i.e. MNHN.15441) otherCatalogueNumbers: Any other catalog number the specimen may have Funding This scientific work is part of the natural heritage inventory (inpn.mnhn.fr). It received support from PatriNat (OFB-CNRS-MNHN) and from GDR Pollinéco (Dir. Bertrand Schatz, CEFE, CNRS, Monpellier).