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2,955 results for “immune response”
Adaptive immune response selects for postponed maturation and increased body size
<ol> <li>The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes encode proteins that initiate the adaptive immune response by presenting pathogen-derived antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes. Host-pathogen coevolution drives MHC polymorphism, introducing intraspecific variation in host life expectancy. This variation interacts with optimal growth strategy, as growth increases reproductive potential. While mortality rate and body size-dependent fecundity are major factors shaping life histories, the effect of intraspecific variation in MHC-based immunity on the evolution of growth strategies and host body size remains unknown.</li> <li>Here, we model how host MHC–pathogen coevolution—and its concomitant impact on host mortality—can affect the evolution of host life-histories, as represented by age at maturation and body size. Life histories were compared in scenarios with and without adaptive immune response under equal population-level mortality rates.</li> <li>We show that host-pathogen coevolutionary dynamics select for postponed maturation and increased body size. Although MHC genes and genes that determine body size were physically unlinked, selection imposed by the Red Queen process generated linkage disequilibrium between immunocompetent MHC alleles and the maturation-postponing alleles that prolong growth phase and increase body size. Particularly large body size was attained when pathogens mutated slowly, thus allowing the advantage of resistant MHC alleles to persist over multiple generations.</li> <li>The emergence of adaptive immunity, which is pathogen-specific and enables immunological memory, is considered a major evolutionary innovation of vertebrates. Our work suggests that the adaptive immune response, mediated by polymorphic MHC genes, may drive the evolution of host body size. This form of adaptive immunity may have thus predisposed vertebrates to evolve large body sizes and exhibit the macroevolutionary patterns of increasing body size over time that have been detected in comparative studies. </li> </ol>
Malaria drives unique regulatory responses across multiple immune cells during human infection
<p>To investigate malaria driven transcriptional changes in specific immune cell subsets, we sorted live PBMCs from 6 malaria infected donors (day 0), and two subsequent time points after drug treatment (day 7 and 28), along with PBMCs from 2 healthy controls. We performed scRNAseq of these cells, and used clustering and sub-clustering to identify specific immune cell subsets. Differential gene analysis between day 0 and day 28 was performed for each cell cluster and sub-cluster. Key transcriptional changes were confirmed at the protein level with additional donor samples.</p>
Characterization of the anti-spike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies
<p>Research on COVID-19 vaccination in immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) has primarily focused on cancer and organ transplantation populations. In a prospective cohort of 195 IDP and 35 healthy volunteers, anti-spike IgG was detected in 88% of IDP post-dose 2, increasing to 93% by six months post-dose 3. Despite high seroconversion, median IgG levels for IDP never surpassed 1/3 that of healthy volunteers. IgG binding to Omicron BA.1 was lower than all other variants. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 pseudo-neutralization (% inhibition) was only modestly correlated with anti-spike IgG concentration. IgG levels were not significantly altered by participants' use of different mRNA-based vaccines, immunomodulating treatments, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. While our data show that three doses of COVID-19 vaccinations induce anti-spike IgG in most IDP, additional doses are needed to achieve the levels of protection in healthy volunteers. Due to the strikingly reduced IgG response to Omicron BA.1, the efficacy of additional vaccinations, including bivalent vaccines, should be studied in this population.</p>
Exploring the Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 modRNA Vaccines in Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (AMA-VACC)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04792567. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Long Term Immune Memory Responses to HPV Vaccination Following 2 vs 3 Doses of Quad-HPV Vaccine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02968420. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses After COVID-19 Therapy and Subsequent Vaccine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04952402. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study to Evaluate the Immune Response After a Booster Dose of a Quadrivalent Meningococcal (MenACYW) Conjugate Vaccine When Administered Alone or Concomitantly With a Licensed Meningococcal Serogroup
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04084769. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Study to Assess the Immune Response and the Safety Profile of a High-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (QIV-HD) Compared to a Standard-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (QIV-SD) in Taiwanese Adult
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04537234. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Immune Response to Different Schedules of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Given With or Without Yellow Fever Vaccine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01488890. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study to Assess the Immune Response and the Safety Profile of a High-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (QIV-HD) Compared to a Standard-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (QIV-SD) in Japanese Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04498832. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Trade-off between photo-symbiosis and innate immunity influences cnidarian’s response to pathogenic bacteria
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Immune repertoire sequencing reveals differences in treatment response to camrelizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced ESCC
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A model of within-host interactions between host resources, macroparasite infection and immune response
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Characterization of the anti-spike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies
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Progesterone signaling in oviductal epithelial cells modulates the immune response to support preimplantation embryonic development
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Evolutionary gain and loss of a pathological immune response to parasitism
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Whole blood RNA-seq demonstrates an increased host immune response in individuals with cystic fibrosis who develop nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease
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Adaptive immune response selects for postponed maturation and increased body size
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Conserved angio-immune subtypes of the cancer microenvironment predict response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy
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Data from: Single cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that prenatal arsenic exposure results in long-term, adverse effects on immune gene expression in response to Influenza A infection
<p>Arsenic exposure via drinking water is a serious environmental health concern. Epidemiological studies suggest a strong association between prenatal<i> </i>arsenic exposure and subsequent childhood respiratory infections, as well as morbidity from respiratory diseases in adulthood, long after systemic clearance of arsenic.<i> </i>We investigated the impact of exclusive prenatal arsenic exposure on the inflammatory immune response and respiratory health after an adult influenza A (IAV) lung infection. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 100 ppb sodium arsenite<i> in utero,</i> and subsequently infected with IAV (H1N1) after maturation to adulthood. Assessment of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at various time points post IAV infection reveals greater lung damage and inflammation in arsenic exposed mice versus control mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of immune cells harvested from IAV infected lungs suggests that the enhanced inflammatory response is mediated by dysregulation of innate immune function of monocyte derived macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and alveolar macrophages. Our results suggest that prenatal arsenic exposure results in lasting effects on the adult host innate immune response to IAV infection, long after exposure to arsenic, leading to greater immunopathology. This study provides the first direct evidence that exclusive prenatal exposure to arsenic in drinking water causes predisposition to a hyperinflammatory response to IAV infection in adult mice, which is associated with significant lung damage.</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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