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2,412 results for “independent”
Data for: The CD4 transmembrane GGXXG and juxtamembrane (C/F)CV+C motifs mediate pMHCII-specific signaling independently of CD4-Lck interactions
<p>We previously reported that the transmembrane GGXXG motif co-arose with the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane (C/F)CV+C motif in eutherian (placental mammal) CD4 and that constituent residues therein evolve under purifying selection (Lee, et al., 2022). These data led us to discover that mutating these motifs together increased CD4-Lck association but reduced CD3z, Zap70, and Plcg1 phosphorylation levels as well as IL-2 production. Because these mutants preferentially localized CD4-Lck pairs to non-membrane raft fractions, one potential explanation for our results was that they impaired proximal signaling by sequestering Lck away from TCR-CD3. An alternative hypothesis is that the mutations directly impacted TCR-CD3 signaling because the wild type motifs play a Lck-independent role in signaling. Here we used a reductionist approach to discriminate between these possibilities (Lee, et al., 2023). Our current data lead us to conclude that: intracellular CD4-Lck interactions are not necessary for pMHCII-specific signal initiation; the GGXXG and (C/F)CV+C motifs are key determinants of CD4-mediated pMHCII-specific signal amplification; the GGXXG and (C/F)CV+C motifs exert their functions independently of direct CD4-Lck association. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for why residues within these motifs are under purifying selection. The results are also important to consider for biomimetic engineering of synthetic receptors.</p>
Shifts in evolutionary lability underlie independent gains and losses of root-nodule symbiosis in a single clade of plants
<p><span>Supplementary Data 4 from the manuscript "Shifts in evolutionary lability underlie independent gains and losses of root-nodule symbiosis in a single clade of plants". </span></p> <p><span>A concatenated alignment of all samples and all loci. This file was used for branch length estimation and not directly for phylogeny reconstruction (though an extraction of each subtree taxonomic samples subset from this alignment would be the alignment used to produce the scaffolded subtrees that were described in the paper). Sequences are labeled by well and can be mapped back to taxon for sub-setting and further use using Supplementary Data 1. </span></p>
Operating diagram of hatching module, this module consists of two clearly separated sections, each consisting of two long tanks (2 × 0.2 × 0.2 m) designed to accommodate hatching boxes, a filtration tank and an independent water circulation pump with a cooling unit and UV sterilizer. This allows simultaneous monitoring of 16 batches of eggs. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of hatching module, this module consists of two clearly separated sections, each consisting of two long tanks (2 × 0.2 × 0.2 m) designed to accommodate hatching boxes, a filtration tank and an independent water circulation pump with a cooling unit and UV sterilizer. This allows simultaneous monitoring of 16 batches of eggs.
Operating diagram of hatching module in Zoug jars, this system consists of a 300-litre temperature-controlled isothermal enclosure containing 10 one-litre Zoug jars, each able to accommodate several hundred eggs. An ascending current holds the eggs in suspension and carries the larvae to the surface. Another bottle connected to this device collects the larvae. The water circulating in the jars is independent of that used in the filtration circuit. A cooling unit and UV sterilizer complete the installation. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of hatching module in Zoug jars, this system consists of a 300-litre temperature-controlled isothermal enclosure containing 10 one-litre Zoug jars, each able to accommodate several hundred eggs. An ascending current holds the eggs in suspension and carries the larvae to the surface. Another bottle connected to this device collects the larvae. The water circulating in the jars is independent of that used in the filtration circuit. A cooling unit and UV sterilizer complete the installation.
Operating diagram of DR1/DR2 double riffle; it consists of two independent sections (DR1 and DR2), each containing 630 litres of water and measuring 2.5 x 0.6 m. Each section contains a filtration system separate from the fish, a cooling unit and an ultraviolet sterilizer. An 80 W UQL lamp completes the lighting of the module lit during the day. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of DR1/DR2 double riffle; it consists of two independent sections (DR1 and DR2), each containing 630 litres of water and measuring 2.5 x 0.6 m. Each section contains a filtration system separate from the fish, a cooling unit and an ultraviolet sterilizer. An 80 W UQL lamp completes the lighting of the module lit during the day.
Operating diagram of the incubator, two tiered modules contain six independent incubators. Three shallow hatching are (220 × 60 × 17 cm) stacked on top of each other to create a compact assembly in which each tier functions independently. Eighteen trays covered with eggs can be placed in each tier, allowing the simultaneous incubation of seven to nine lays. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of the incubator, two tiered modules contain six independent incubators. Three shallow hatching are (220 × 60 × 17 cm) stacked on top of each other to create a compact assembly in which each tier functions independently. Eighteen trays covered with eggs can be placed in each tier, allowing the simultaneous incubation of seven to nine lays.
Convergent loss of chemoreceptors across independent origins of slave-making in ants
<p>Manual annotations and sequence files of olfactory and gustatory receptors in eight species of ants (slave-making ants, hosts and non-host species) spanning 3 independent origins of slave-making. These manual annotations were investigated for patterns of convergent gain or loss in slave-making ants compared to their hosts and vice versa. We highlighted extensive losses of chemoreceptors in slave-making ants compared to hosts, indicating a loss in perception accompanying the transition to social parasitism, with some degree of convergent molecular evolution at the level of individual genes.</p> <p>For the full study, see doi:10.1093/molbev/msab305</p>
OpenData for the Independent morphological variables correlate to aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease manuscript
<p>Results from processed structural MRI images from the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811920306868">AHEAD</a> and <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00870-6">AOMIC</a> dataset included in the Supplementary Information at the Independent morphological variables correlate to aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease manuscript from de Moraes et al. submitted to PNAS.</p> <p>For this data, we processed the datasets with <a href="https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/">FreeSurfer</a> v6.0.0 standard processing pipeline (<em>recon-all</em>) and the estimation of the <a href="https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/LGI">local Gyrification Index</a> from <a href="http://ltswww.epfl.ch/~schaer/Schaer_TMI.pdf">Schaer, M. et al. 2008</a>. We further extracted the morphological measurements from the generated surfaces using the Cortical Folding Analysis Tools from <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3608675">Wang et al. 2019</a>. Here, we included the raw morphological datasets joined with the demographics and subjects' information.</p>
The excess of cool supergiants from contemporary stellar evolution models defies the metallicity-independent Humphreys-Davidson limit
<p>Input files and simulation results for stellar evolution tracks computed for the paper "The excess of cool supergiants from contemporary stellar evolution models defies the metallicity-independent Humphreys-Davidson limit", as well as synthetic populations generated and catalogues of observed cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds used in the analysis. Version 10398 of MESA was used for the simulations. More details in the README.txt file and in the paper.</p>
Supplementary Material from: Suppression of Pituitary Hormone Genes in Subjects Who Died From COVID-19 Independently of Virus Detection in the Gland
<p>Supplementary Table S1A. List of target genes analysed by the Human Host Response.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S1B. List of target genes analysed by the Coronavirus Panel Plus.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S1C. List of target genes analysed by the custom panel.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S2A. Differential gene expression analysis. Virus-positive vs control adenohypophyses.</p> <p>Supplementary Table S2B. Differential gene expression analysis. Virus-negative vs control adenohypophyses.</p>
Source data to publication "Benchmarking of Analysis Strategies for Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Using a Large-Scale Dataset Comprising Inter-Patient Heterogeneity"
<p>Source data to publication "Benchmarking of Analysis Strategies for Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Using a Large-Scale Dataset Comprising Inter-Patient Heterogeneity".</p> <p>Data and further information at GitHub repository https://github.com/kreutz-lab/dia-benchmarking (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6371925)</p>
Data from: Phylogenomics of elongate-bodied Springtails reveals independent transitions from aboveground to belowground habitats in deep time
<p>Soil has become a major hotspot of biodiversity studies, yet the pattern and timing of the evolution of soil organisms are poorly known because of the scarcity of palaeontological data. To overcome this limitation, we conducted a genome-based macroevolutionary study of an ancient, diversified, and widespread lineage of soil fauna, the elongate-bodied springtails (class Collembola, order Entomobryomorpha). To build the first robust backbone phylogeny of this previously refractory group, we sampled representatives of major higher taxa (6 out of 8 families, 11 out of 16 subfamilies) of the order with an emphasis on the most problematic superfamily Tomoceroidea, applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) methods, and compared the performance of different combinations of datasets (universal single-copy orthologues/USCO versus ultraconserved elements/UCE) and modelling schemes. The fossil-calibrated timetree was used to reconstruct the evolution of body size, sensory organs, and pigmentation to establish a time frame of the ecomorphological divergences. The resultant trees based on different analyses were congruent in most nodes. Several discordant nodes were carefully evaluated by considering method fitness, morphological information, and topology test. The evaluation favoured the well-resolved topology from analyses using USCO amino acid matrices and complex site-heterogeneous models (CAT+GTR and LG+PMSF (C60)). The preferred topology supports the monophyletic superfamily Tomoceroidea as an early-diverging lineage and a sister relationship between Entomobryoidea and Isotomoidea. The family Tomoceridae was recovered as monophyletic, while Oncopoduridae was recovered as paraphyletic, with <em>Harlomillsia</em> as a sister to Tomoceridae and hence deserving a separate family status as Harlomillsiidae Yu and Zhang <strong>fam. n.</strong> Ancestral Entomobryomorpha were reconstructed as surface-living, supporting independent origins of soil-living groups across the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic, and highlighting the ancient evolutionary interaction between aboveground and belowground fauna.</p>
Fig. 1 in Comparison Of Biting Midges Of The Early Eocene Cambay Amber (India) And Late Eocene European Ambers Supports The Independent Origin Of European Ambers
Fig. 1. Eohelea sp. with unique structure of wing organ from Rovno amber: 1 — dorsal view, 2 — ventral view.
Photoperiod controls wing polyphenism in a water strider independently of insulin receptor signaling
Insect wing polyphenism has evolved as an adaptation to changing environments and a growing body of research suggests that the nutrient sensing insulin receptor signaling pathway is a hot spot for the evolution of polyphenisms, as it provides a direct link between increased growth and the available nutrients in the environment. However, little is known about the role of insulin receptor signaling in polyphenisms which are controlled by seasonal variation in photoperiod. Here, we demonstrate that wing length polyphenism in the water strider Gerris buenoi is determined by photoperiod and nymphal density, but not by nutrient availability. Exposure to a long-day photoperiod is highly inducive of the short-winged morph whereas high nymphal densities moderately promote development of long wings. Using RNA interference we demonstrate that, unlike in several other species where wing polyphenism is controlled by nutrition, there is no detectable role of insulin receptor signaling in wing morph induction. Our results indicate that the multitude of possible cues that trigger wing polyphenism can be mediated through multiple genetic pathways in insects.
Data from: Telomere length declines with age, but relates to immune function independent of age in a wild passerine
<p><span>Telomere length (TL) shortens with age but telomere dynamics can relate to fitness components independent of age. Immune function often relates to such fitness components and can also interact with telomeres. Studying the link between TL and immune function may therefore help us understand telomere-fitness associations. We assessed the relationships between erythrocyte TL and four immune indices (haptoglobin, natural antibodies, complement activity, heterophil-lymphocyte ratio; n=477-589), from known-aged individuals of a wild passerine (<em>Malurus coronatus</em>). As expected, we find that TL significantly declined with age. To verify whether associations between TL and immune function were independent of parallel age-related changes (e.g. immunosenescence), we statistically controlled for sampling age, and used within-subject centring of TL to separate relationships within or between individuals. We found that TL positively predicted complement activity at the between-individual level (individuals with longer average TL had higher complement activity), but no other immune indices. In contrast, age predicted levels of natural antibodies and heterophil-lymphocyte ratio, allowing inference that respective associations between TL and age with immune indices are independent. Any links existing between TL and fitness are therefore unlikely to be strongly mediated by innate immune function, while TL and immune indices appear independent expressions of individual heterogeneity.</span></p>
EPIC: Annotated epileptic EEG independent components for artifact reduction
<p>Scalp electroencephalogram is a non-invasive multi-channel biosignal that records the brain’s electrical activity. It is highly susceptible to noise that might overshadow important data. Independent component analysis is one of the most used artifact removal methods. Independent component analysis separates data into different components, although it can not automatically reject the noisy ones. Therefore, experts are needed to decide which components must be removed before reconstructing the data. To automate this method, researchers have developed classifiers to identify noisy components. However, to build these classifiers, they need annotated data. Manually classifying independent components is a time-consuming task. Furthermore, few labeled data are publicly available. This dataset is composed of a source of annotated electroencephalogram independent components acquired from patients with epilepsy (EPIC Dataset). This dataset contains 77,426 independent components obtained from approximately 613 hours of electroencephalogram, visually inspected by two experts, which was already successfully utilized to develop independent component classifiers.</p>
Can disease resistance evolve independently at different ages? Genetic variation in age-dependent resistance to disease in three wild plant species
<p>1. Juveniles are typically less resistant (more susceptible) to infectious disease than adults, and this difference in susceptibility can help fuel the spread of pathogens in age-structured populations. However evolutionary explanations for this variation in resistance across age remain to be tested.</p> <p>2. One hypothesis is that natural selection has optimized resistance to peak at ages where disease exposure is greatest. A central assumption of this hypothesis is that hosts have the capacity to evolve resistance independently at different ages. This would mean that hosts populations have a) standing genetic variation in resistance at both juvenile and adult stages, and b) that this variation is not strongly correlated between age-classes so that selection acting at one age does not produce a correlated response at the other age</p> <p>3. Here we evaluated the capacity of three wild plant species (Silene latifolia, S. vulgaris, and Dianthus pavonius) to evolve resistance to their anther-smut pathogens (Microbotryum fungi), independently at different ages. The pathogen is pollinator-transmitted, and thus exposure risk is considered to be highest at the adult flowering stage.</p> <p>4. Within each species we grew families to different ages, inoculated individuals with anther smut, and evaluated the effects of age, family and their interaction on infection.</p> <p>5. In two of the plant species, S. latifolia and D. pavonius, resistance to smut at the juvenile stage was not correlated with resistance to smut at the adult stage. In all three species, we show there are significant age*family interaction effects, indicating that age-specificity of resistance varies among the plant families.</p> <p>6. Synthesis: These results indicate that different mechanisms likely underlie resistance at juvenile and adult stages and support the hypothesis that resistance can evolve independently in response to differing selection pressures as hosts age. Taken together our results provide new insight into the structure of genetic variation in age-dependent resistance in three well-studied wild host-pathogen systems.</p>
Universal suppression of superfluid weight by non-magnetic disorder in s-wave superconductors independent of quantum geometry and band dispersion
<p>Motivated by the experimental progress in controlling the properties of the energy bands in superconductors, significant theoretical efforts have been devoted to study the effect of the quantum geometry and the flatness of the dispersion on the superfluid weight. In conventional superconductors, where the energy bands are wide and the Fermi energy is large, the contribution due to the quantum geometry is negligible, but in the opposite limit of flat-band superconductors the superfluid weight originates purely from the quantum geometry of Bloch wave functions.</p> <p>Here, we study how the energy band dispersion and the quantum geometry affect the disorder-induced suppression of the superfluid weight. In particular, we consider non-magnetic disorder and s-wave superconductivity. Surprisingly, we find that the disorder-dependence of the superfluid weight is universal across a variety of models, and independent of the quantum geometry and the flatness of the dispersion. Our results suggest that a flat-band superconductor is as resilient to disorder as a conventional superconductor.</p> <p>The provided repository contains all code and data to reproduce the results of this study.</p>
Goat-CNN: A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network for Pose-Independent Body Condition Score Estimation in Goats
<p>Here we introduce the dataset utilized in our published paper entitled "<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324002114">Goat-CNN: A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network for Pose-Independent Body Condition Score Estimation in Goats</a>".</p> <p>Contained within the "bcs" folder are all the videos collected for this study. Each video file is named with a format denoting its respective details. The first number signifies the sequence of collection, the second denotes the ear tag, and the final figure represents the body condition score (BCS) value.</p> <p>For example: "1_158734_2.50" indicates the first sampling of an animal with the ear tag "158734" and a BCS value of "2.50".</p> <p>Additionally, we provide two Python scripts in this repository. The first script, "Video2Frame.py", facilitates the splitting of videos into individual frames. The second script, "Frames2npy.py", converts these frames into two numpy-friendly files with the extension ".npy". These files contain both the images ("X_train_bcs300.npy") and their corresponding labels ("Y_train_bcs300.npy").</p> <p>Furthermore, for the convenience of swift experimentation, we have included the desired .npy files within the repository.</p> <p>To load these files into your Python environment, you can use the following code snippet:</p> <div> <div>th4figs = '/content/drive/MyDrive/compag_2023/'</div> <br> <div>path4images = "/content/drive/MyDrive/CodeRefarm/datasets/BCS/X_train_bcs300.npy"</div> <div>Xtrain = np.load(path4images)</div> <br> <div>path4labels = "/content/drive/MyDrive/CodeRefarm/datasets/BCS/Y_train_bcs300.npy"</div> <div>Ytrain = np.load(path4labels).astype(float)</div> <br> <div>print("X train : ", Xtrain.shape)</div> <div>print("Y train : ", Ytrain.shape)</div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <pre>X train : (5332, 300, 300, 3) Y train : (5332,)<br> </pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Cloud_ICA: A deterministic cloud-overlap algorithm for generating a complete set of independent column atmospheres
<p>In calculating solar radiation, climate models make many simplifications, in part to reduce computational cost and enable climate modeling, and in part from lack of understanding of critical atmospheric information. Whether known errors or unknown errors, the community's concern is how these could impact the modeled climate. The simplifications are well known and most have published studies evaluating them, but with individual studies it is difficult to compare. Here, we collect a wide range of such simplifications in either radiative transfer modeling or atmospheric conditions and assess potential errors within a consistent framework on climate‐relevant scales. We build benchmarking capability around a solar heating code (Solar‐J) that doubles as a photolysis code for chemistry and can be readily adapted to consider other errors and uncertainties. The broad classes here include: use of broad wavelength bands to integrate over spectral features; scattering approximations that alter phase function and optical depths for clouds and gases; uncertainty in ice‐cloud optics; treatment of fractional cloud cover including overlap; and variability of ocean surface albedo. We geographically map the errors in W m−2 using a full climate re‐creation for January 2015 from a weather forecasting model. For many approximations assessed here, mean errors are ∼2 W m−2 with greater latitudinal biases and are likely to affect a model's ability to match the current climate state. Combining this work with previous studies, we make priority recommendations for fixing these simplifications based on both the magnitude of error and the ease or computational cost of the fix.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.