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102 results for “insect pests”
Fig. 1 in Identification of predatory and parasitoid insect species associated with Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a sorghum pest in Nuevo León, Mexico
Fig. 1. Melanaphis sacchari predators and parasitoids found in Nuevo León, Mexico. (A) Allograpta sp. in adult status, (B) Chilocorus cacti (lef), and Chilocorus stigma (right), (C) Olla v-nigrum, (D) Chrysoperla sp., (E) Allograpta sp. (lef) in larval status, and Cycloneda sanguinea (right), (F) Hippodamia convergens, (G) Ocyptamus dimidiatus, (H) Scymnus sp., (I) Pachyneuron sp., (J) Aphidius sp., (K) Melanaphis sacchari mummies.
Fig. 5 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA
Fig. 5. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction of Conoideocrella species, using an SSU-LSU-tef1-ITS concatenated dataset with Metarhizium granulomatis (Sigler) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber (Clavicipitaceae) as designated outgroup taxon, and showing host, sexual state and county of isolation. Ex-type species denoted as ExT.
Fig. 4 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA
Fig. 4. Features of Conoideocrella luteorostrata: (A) stromatic tissue (white arrow) on Fiorinia externa (black arrow); (B) details of stromatic hyphae on 10% KOH, 40×; (C) 1 mo old culture on PDA (lef) and oatmeal agar (right); (D) conidiophore; and (E) spores, 100×.
Fig. 3 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA
Fig. 3. Field view of Fiorinia externa collected on Abies fraseri from Glade Creek, North Carolina, USA (FDACS-DPI, sample #2019-6449) (A); its slide-mounted view (B); antennae on submargin of the head with short spur (C); anterior spiracle with pores (D); pygidium with five marginal macroducts (E); close-up of wide macroduct (F); antennae on the margin of head, with a long spur, of F. fioriniae collected on Chamaerops humilis from Ocala, Florida, USA (2019-4546) (G); antennae on the margin of head, with a short spur and processing between antennae, of F. phantasma collected on Ligustrum japonicum from Boynton Beach, Florida, USA (2020-1365) (H); pygidium with 4 marginal macroducts (I); close-up of narrow macroduct (J).
Fig. 2 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA
Fig. 2. Original localities of intercepted shipments of Christmas trees in 2019 (shown as circle) and 2020 (triangle). Samples with entomopathogenic fungus Conoideocrella luteorostrata are colored in blue and without fungus in red. Major cities are shown as black diamonds.
Fig. 1 in Characterization of the entomopathogenic fungal species Conoideocrella luteorostrata on the scale insect pest Fiorinia externa infesting the Christmas tree Abies fraseri in the USA
Fig. 1. Features of Fiorinia externa: (A) 30× view of alive first instar (crawler); (B) 30× view of adult female body (inside cover) with exuviae of first and second instar; (C) naked eye view of entomopathogenic fungus Conoideocrella luteorostrata on different stages of F. externa (black arrow heads); (D) close-up of C. luteorostrata covering F. externa (black arrow heads).
Linked collectors and determiners for: FBIP: Genetic diversity of olive insect pests and their natural enemies in the Western Cape.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "FBIP: Genetic diversity of olive insect pests and their natural enemies in the Western Cape". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876">https://gbif.org/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Were bed bugs the first urban pest insect? Genome-wide patterns of bed bug demography mirror global human expansion
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Multiple refugia from penultimate glaciations in East Asia demonstrated by phylogeography and ecological modelling of an insect pest
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Data and code for: Terrestrial eDNA survey outperforms conventional approach for detecting an invasive pest insect within an agricultural ecosystem
<p>Recent methodological advances permit surveys for terrestrial insects from the direct collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) deposited on vegetation or other surfaces. However, in contrast to well-studied aquatic applications, little is known about how detection rates for such terrestrial eDNA-based surveys compare with conventional survey methods. <i>Lycorma delicatula</i>, the spotted lanternfly, is an emerging invasive insect in eastern North America, and a significant ecological and economic pest of forested and agricultural systems, especially grapes. During fall 2019 we conducted two rounds of paired eDNA and visual surveys for spotted lanternflies within 48 plots at 12 vineyards in New Jersey, USA. We compared detection probabilities within a multimethod occupancy modeling framework and used the results to extrapolate and inform survey design. The probability of detecting spotted lanternflies given presence in a plot was over two times higher for eDNA (84%) versus visual surveys (36%). In mid-September, lanternfly eDNA was detected at five plots in three vineyards while visual surveys revealed only a single individual in one plot. In early October, after dispersal of lanternflies into vineyards, lanternfly eDNA was detected in 12 plots within six vineyards compared with visual detections in six plots in two vineyards. Extrapolations based on detection and local-scale occupancy rates indicate that only five and 12 plots would have been needed to positively detect lanternfly presence with 95% confidence using eDNA in contrast to 14 and 29 plots with visual surveys alone, respective to survey rounds. Log-linear models revealed that visual counts of lanternflies were positively related to eDNA concentrations (R<sup>2</sup> = 71%). We provide some of the first quantitative evidence to support the enhanced sensitivity of terrestrial eDNA approaches compared with conventional methods. Such methods can augment efforts to combat invasive species through improved ability to delimit invasion fronts, identify satellite populations, and confirm local eradications.</p>
JAK/STAT signaling regulated intestinal regeneration defends insect pests against insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis
<p><span>A variety of coordinated host-cell responses are activated as defense mechanisms against pore-forming toxins (PFTs). <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Bt) is a widely used biopesticide whose efficacy and precise application methods limit its use to replace synthetic pesticides in agricultural settings. Here, we analyzed the intestinal defense mechanisms of two lepidopteran insect pests after intoxication with a sublethal dose of Bt PFTs to find out potential target genes for reduction of defense responses using dsRNA to silence their expression. We show that larval intestinal epithelium was initially damaged by the PFTs and that </span><span>larval survival</span><span> was observed after intestinal epithelium regeneration</span><span>. Further analyses showed that the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells after Bt </span><span>toxins</span><span> treatments were regulated through JNK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Repression of intestinal regeneration by treating specific dsRNA led to increased toxicity of Bt PFTs to both <em>Chilo suppressalis </em>and Spodoptera<em> frugiperda</em>. Consequently, a nano-biopesticide was designed to improve pesticidal efficacy based on the combination of dsRNA-nanoparticles with </span><span>Bt</span><span> bacterial strains. This formulation efficiently controlled insect pests suggesting its potential use to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural settings for pest control. </span></p>
Data from: Effect of a severe cold spell on overwintering survival of an invasive forest insect pest
<p>Data from a study of a servere cold event in February 2023 on the survival of hemlock woolly adelgid (<em>Adelges tsugae</em> Annand) from four populations in Canada. Cold temperatures can play a significant role in the range and impact of pest insects. Severe cold events can reduce the size of insect outbreaks or in some cases even cause outbreaks to end. Measuring the precise impact of cold events, however, can be difficult because estimates of insect mortality are often made at the end of the winter season. In late January, 2023 long-term climate models predicted a significant cold event to occur over eastern North America. We used this event to evaluate the immediate impact on hemlock woolly adelgid overwintering mortality at four sites on the northern edge of the insects invaded range in eastern North America. We observed complete mortality, partial mortality and no effect of the cold event that correlated with the location and strength of the cold event. Our data also showed lack of support for preconditioning of overwintering adelgids as impacting their overwintering survival following this severe cold event. Finally, we compared the climatic conditions at our sites to historical weather data. The cold event observed in February 2023 resulted in the coldest temperatures observed at these sites, including the period within which hemlock woolly adelgid invaded these sites, suggesting cold conditions, especially under anthropogenic climate forcing, may not be a limiting factor in determining the ultimate northern range of hemlock woolly adelgid in eastern North America.</p>
Microbe-induced plant resistance against insect pests depends on timing of inoculation, but is consistent across climatic conditions
<ol> <li>To cope with abiotic and biotic stressors, plants have developed mutualistic associations with beneficial soil microbes, but little is known about how extreme abiotic conditions impact microbe-induce resistance to insect herbivores.</li> <li>Extreme temperatures are often accompanied by extremes in plant water availability, which together reduce plant growth and change plant physiology. There are potential consequences for increasing plant susceptibility to biotic stresses, and this poses a real challenge for plant productivity.</li> <li>We evaluated how the effects of beneficial soil bacteria (<em>Acidovorax radicis </em>N35e) on barley plant growth and resultant resistance against aphid infestation (<em>Sitobion</em> <em>avenae</em>) were impacted by a single heatwave event across a plant water availability gradient. We also tested if timing of bacterial inoculation (before or after the temperature treatment) affected bacteria-plant interactions on aphids.</li> <li>We found that heatwaves affected plant biomass allocation from aboveground to belowground tissues. Inoculation with <em>A. radicis</em> led to reduction of aphid numbers, but depended on timing of inoculation, and led to stronger resistance when inoculations occurred closer to aphid infestation. Remarkably, microbe-induced resistance against aphids was consistent across heatwave and water availability treatments.</li> <li>This study provides evidence that beneficial plant-bacteria interactions may represent a potential solution for sustainable agricultural practices to enhance plant growth and response to insect pests under climate change. Future field trials should investigate the consistency of beneficial effects reported here for a better understanding of multispecies interactions in the context of global change.</li> </ol>
Data from: Higher avian biodiversity, increased shrub cover, and proximity to continuous forest may reduce pest insect crop loss in small-scale oil palm farming
<p>One of the key ecosystem services offered by avian biodiversity within agricultural landscapes is natural predation. Nonetheless, the current use of biological control agents such as farmland birds in oil palm plantations is relatively limited. The present study aimed to assess the potential roles of avian biodiversity, particularly insectivores which provide natural predation against oil palm herbivorous insects. We also investigated the influence of local- and landscape-scale variables on foliage damage (crown or frond). Our data showed that crown damage decreased with increasing farmland bird richness (overall and insectivore), shrub cover, dried biomass, and elevation, but increased with epiphyte cover, oil palm height, and distance to continuous forest. Frond damage was negatively related to bird richness (overall, insectivore, and non-insectivore) and non-insectivore abundance, elevation, and shrub cover, while increased with insectivorous abundance, epiphyte cover, oil palm height, and distance to continuous forest. We also found that plantations (≥ 50 ha) were more susceptible to foliage damage from pest insects than smallholdings (<50 ha). There was no evidence that indicated the influence of forest patches on foliage damage. Our study highlights the economic value of conserving biodiversity, most notably, farmland birds and continuous forests with respect to biological control of defoliating pests and maintaining yield productivity in oil palm cultivation. Growers, particularly major plantation companies should make oil palm farming more biodiversity-friendly in order to increase the number of biological control agents such as birds.</p>
Data from: Extrapolating potential crop damage by insect pests based on land use data: examining inter-regional generality in agricultural landscapes_210907
<p>DamagePrediction_data_2021_210907 Data from: Extrapolating potential crop damage by insect pests based on land use data: examining inter-regional generality in agricultural landscapes</p>
2-class Grapevine Pest Dataset of Scaphoideus titanus and Orientus ishidae on yellow Sticky traps for Insect Detection
<p>This dataset consists of 615 images of <em>Scaphoideus titanus</em> (ST) and <em>Orientus ishidae</em> (OI) from yellow sticky traps (YST). Among these, 150 photos, which lack target insects, have been repurposed as background images. Insect annotations comprise 1329 ST and 1506 for OI, ensuring an almost class-balanced dataset. The images were acquired through four distinct methods:</p> <ul> <li>Photos from the field;</li> <li>Images of stored YST (T = 5±1°C) and reared insects within a controlled greenhouse environment;</li> <li>Digital scans of YST collected during regular monitoring activities in the fields;</li> <li>Photos from a smart trap prototype installed in our experimental vineyard.</li> </ul> Structure of the dataset, showing the number of images from each data source and the corresponding class annotations. <table><tbody> <tr> <td>Image source</td> <td>Number of images</td> <td>ST annotations</td> <td>OI annotations</td> <td>Number of background images</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Field</p> </td> <td>18</td> <td>3</td> <td>101</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Laboratory</td> <td>157</td> <td>473</td> <td>863</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>scanned</td> <td>390</td> <td>853</td> <td>542</td> <td>84</td> </tr> <tr> <td>smart-trap</td> <td>50</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>50</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>We provide the yellow sticky trap images already cropped in the pre-processing stage, the corresponding enhanced datasets focusing on <em>brightness & contrast</em>, <em>sharpness</em>, and a combination of both. Finally the annotations exported in YOLO format.</p> <h3>Dataset structure</h3> <ol> <li><em>crop/</em></li> <li><em>bright/</em></li> <li><em>sharp/</em></li> <li><em>bright_and_sharp/</em> </li> <li><em>labels/</em></li> </ol> <p>At the time of publication, this dataset is the largest publicly available resource in the control of FD vectors. Detailed documentation, along with model benchmarking and performance results is given in an accompanying journal paper: (paper under submission).</p> <h3>Deployment</h3> <p>You can use this dataset as starting point to train your own insect detection models. Open source Python scripts to deploy the trained models can be found in our <a href="https://github.com/checolag/insect-detection-scripts/tree/main">Github</a> repository.</p>
List of agricultural insect pests affecting crops worldwide
<p>This list of agricultural pests is part of the supplementary material of the article entitled "<strong>Pest suppression by bats and management strategies to favour it: a global review</strong>", publised in the journal Biological Reviews in 2023.</p> <p>We compiled a comprehensive list of agricultural insect pests occurring in temperate and tropical regions. Since no more recent public documents or published lists were available at the time of the study, we extracted the main agricultural insect pests cited in Hill (<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12967#brv12967-bib-0083">1983</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12967#brv12967-bib-0084">1987</a>). Note that species might be considered pests in certain regions while not in others, meaning that this comprehensive list will need careful review by entomologists and local or regional experts for use in agricultural management.</p> <p>We assembled a first list of 1236 insect pest species or genera extracted from Hill (<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12967#brv12967-bib-0084">1987</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12967#brv12967-bib-0083">1983</a>). We then conducted a second literature search (LS2) in the ISI <em>Web of Science</em> using the R package <em>wosr</em>. We searched for any indexed document containing the following terms in the topic field: ‘pest species name’ AND ‘bat*’. After the first check of the articles found, we added 562 new pest species to the first list, which were not included in Hill (<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12967#brv12967-bib-0084">1987</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/brv.12967#brv12967-bib-0083">1983</a>) but were studied in the papers found. The updated list consisting of 1798 insect pest species then was used to perform the same literature search with the R package <em>wosr</em>. </p>
Fig. 4 in Towards incorporating insect isotope analysis using cavity ring-down spectroscopy into area-wide insect pest management programs
Fig. 4. Decision tree to select an option for using isotopes in an operational program.
Fig. 1 in Effects of Farming Systems on Insect Communities in the Paddy Fields of a Simplified Landscape During a Pest-control Intervention.
Fig. 1. Rice fields of different farming systems sampled in northern Taiwan.
Management intensity affects insect pests and natural pest control on Arabica coffee in its native range
<p><span>Agroforestry systems provide opportunities to reduce the trade-off between agricultural production and biodiversity, for example by enhancing a diverse community of species potentially acting as natural pest control agents. While management of agroforestry systems is intensifying across the globe, we lack insights into the impact of management intensity on pest levels and natural pest control, especially along broad management gradients and as compared with natural forests. </span></p> <p><span>We assessed the impact of management intensity on major insect pests (the coffee blotch miner, the serpentine leaf miner, the coffee leaf skeletonizer, and damage by other free-feeding herbivores) and natural pest control by parasitoid wasps across sixty sites in the center of origin of Arabica coffee in southwestern Ethiopia. Within this region, coffee is growing along a broad management gradient ranging from little or no management in the natural forest to intensively managed commercial plantations. </span></p> <p><span>In the wet season, pest levels were largely similar in the natural forest, semi-forest, and semi-plantation systems, whereas pests reached outbreak densities in the most intensively managed plantation system. In contrast, management intensity did not significantly affect pest levels</span><span> in the dry season</span><span>. The insect pests differed in their seasonal dynamics, consistently declined with elevation, and were largely unaffected by shade levels. Parasitism rate of the coffee blotch miner was lower, and the parasitoid community was distinct, in the most intensively managed plantation system. </span></p> <p><span><em><strong>Synthesis and applications</strong></em>: Our findings support the hypothesis that the weaker top-down control by parasitoids in the intensively managed plantation sites leads to higher pest levels, and that – at least for some pest species – there is a threshold in the effect of management intensity on pest levels and natural pest control. It is important to consider such non-linear relationships to maintain or enhance the sustainability of agroforestry systems during management intensification. Overall, our findings highlight that ecological knowledge of natural pest control can be used to intensify production to improve the livelihood of smallholders without jeopardizing natural pest control, at least up to a certain point. </span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.