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Fig. 2 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 2. Simplified stratigraphy of the marine Lower Devonian beds in Podolia showing distribution of Ischnacanthiformes jaw bones (modified from Drygant and Szaniawski 2012; Voichyshyn and Szaniawski 2012).

Fig. 1. A in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 1. A. Location of the study area in Ukraine with position of Podolia. B. Map of the studied region. C. Lower Devonian exposures (modified from Voichyshyn and Szaniawski 2012) with points of sampled sections (triangles 1–4).

Fig. 4 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 4. Ischnacanthiform fish Drygantacanthus semirotunda gen. et sp. nov., Dniester River, north-west Zalishchyky outskirts, Podolia, Ukraine, Upper Lochkovian, Ivanie Horizon; the paratypes, SMNH BP.1587/3 (A) and SMNH BP.1590/11 (B). Jaw bone fragments in occlusal (A1, B1), lingual (A2, B2), anterior (A3), lateral (A4), and posterior (B3) views. Arrows indicate rostral direction.

Fig. 6 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 6. Ischnacanthiform fish Kasperacanthus serratus gen. et sp. nov., Dniester River, on the East of Ivanie Zolote; upper part of the Ivanie Horizon of the Tyver Series, Lower Devonian; the paratypes ZPAL P.14/5.5 (A) and ZPAL P.14/7.6 (B). Jaw bone fragments in occlusal (A1, B1), lingual (A2, B2, B4), bottom-lingual (A3), top-lingual (A4), and posterolingual (B3) views. Arrows indicate rostral direction.

Fig. 3 in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians

Fig. 3. Temnospondyl amphibian Hadrokkosaurus bradyi (Welles, 1947), holotype (UCMP 36199), early Anisian, northeastern Arizona. Stereopairs of the posterior part of the lower jaw in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Note buttresses for articular (missing) projecting from prearticular and surangular, and proportions of postglenoid area.

Fig. 6 in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians

Fig. 6. Strict consensus of 38 most parsimonious trees with bootstrap percentages based upon 10,000 replicates.

Fig. 2 in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians

Fig. 2. Temnospondyl amphibian Hadrokkosaurus bradyi (Welles, 1947), holotype (UCMP 36199), early Anisian, northeastern Arizona. Stereopair of anterior part of lower jaw in mesial view; note large postsymphyseal foramen.

Fig. 5. A, B in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians

Fig. 5. A, B. Comparisons between the skull of Vigilius wellesi Warren and Marsicano, 2000 (A) and the lower jaw of Hadrokkosaurus bradyi (Welles, 1947) (B) drawn to the same proportions; arrows point to changes in degree of curvature of the skull and jaw (skull modified from Warren and Marsicano 2000). C. Right lower jaw ramus of Hadrokkosaurus bradyi (Welles, 1947) in dorsal view showing lengths of segments used for calculating the degree of curvature of the ramus (see text for details). D. Close−up view of posterior part of UCMP 36199, early Anisian, northeastern Arizona.

Fig. 4. A in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians

Fig. 4. A. Stereopair of UCMP 36205, early Anisian, northeastern Arizona; incomplete prearticular in dorsal view attributed to Hadrokkosaurus bradyi; arrows mark position and extent of lateral edge of contact area for articular. B. Stereopair of UCMP 36210, early Anisian, northeastern Arizona; broken angular in dorsal view presumably incorrectly attributed to Hadrokkosaurus bradyi; note pronounced boss−like adductor process.

Fig. 3. Eight landmarks and 89 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 3. Eight landmarks and 89 semi-landmarks collected on a coleoid lower jaw (A, B). 1, the rostral tip; 2, the base of the rostrum; 3, the posterior end of the wing; 4, the posterior intersection of the outer and inner lamellae; 5, the posterior end of the inner lamella; 6, the anteroventral end of the crest; 7, the anterior intersection of the outer and inner lamellae; 8, the anteroventral end of the hood. B. A square grid showing shape differences between two individuals as deformation from B to B drawn by use of a thin-plate spline.

Fig. 6 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 6. Octobrachian coleoid Nanaimoteuthis hikidai sp. nov. KMNH IvP 902,001, holotype, a lower jaw; early Campanian, Late Cretaceous, Haboro area, Hokkaido, Japan. Right lateral (A), left lateral (C), dorsal (D), and frontal (E) views, and right lateral view after removing part of outer lamella (B).

Fig. 2 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 2. Diagrammatic drawing of a coleoid lower jaw. Left lateral (A) and frontal (B) views. 1, rostral length; 2, hood length; 3, crest length; 4, wing length; 5, width of outer lamella. After Clarke (1962, 1986), see Clarke and Maddock (1988) for terms and measurements.

Fig. 1 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 1. Map of Haboro area, northwest Hokkaido, Japan, showing the locations of the coleoid lower jaws examined.

Fig. 8 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 8. Phylogenetic relationships of fossil and modern coleoid major taxa complied from the data by Kröger et al. (2011: fig. 5) and Fuchs et al. (2013: fig. 12). Fossil records of Cretaceous decabrachian and octobrachian coleoids from the North Pacific region are given in black circles. 1, Haboroteuthis (this study); 2, Yezoteuthis (Tanabe et al. 2006); 3, Paleocirroteuthis (Tanabe et al. 2008); 4, Nanaimoteuthis (Tanabe et al. 2008; Tanabe and Hikida 2010; this study). Age after Cohen et al. (2012).

Fig. 7 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 7. Decabrachian coleoid Haboroteuthis poseidon gen. et sp. nov. KMNH IvP 902,002, holotype, a lower jaw; late Santonian, Late Cretaceous, Haboro area, Hokkaido, Japan. Frontal (A), left lateral (B), dorsal (C), and right lateral (D) views.

Fig. 5 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 5. Plots of the relative warp scores computed for the full set (A, B) or subset (C, D) of landmarks and semi-landmarks and the relative warps displayed as thin-plate splines. The lower and left grids show deformations from the mean shape (undeformed grid) corresponding to perturbations associated with RW1 and RW2, respectively (A, C) or RW3 and RW4, respectively (B, D).

Fig. 4 in Late Cretaceous record of large soft-bodied coleoids based on lower jaw remains from Hokkaido, Japan

Fig. 4. All coleoid lower jaws registered by the generalized least squares superimposition. A. A full set of landmarks (large symbols) and semi-landmarks (small symbols). B. A subset of landmarks and semi-landmarks put along the outline of the outer lamella.

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FIGURE 2 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 2. Reconstructed tomographic images of the specimen (1) and its internal structure in median section (2). The lower and upper jaws are enlarged in (3) and (4), respectively.

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FIGURE 5 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 5. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the upper and lower jaws preserved in the body chamber of the specimen. The reconstructed parts are inside the specimen (1). The jaws are preserved close to each other (2).